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The social security contribution is a key element of the mechanism of functioning of public social insurance and it has decisive importance with regard to its financial organisation. It is the main and typical source of income of any insurance system. The social security contribution is defined as a percentage of the received labour income and represents a general average value, corresponding to the average risk for the pool and it is due only for income from personal labour activity, with regularity and periodicity arising from the regularity and periodicity of the received personal job income. The aim of the paper is to outline the guidelines for development and improvement of the organisation of the social security contribution in the public social insurance in Bulgaria, taking into account the approaches and the practice of determining the social insurance contributions in some EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulgarianscienceproblems is the only e-mail discussion list, located at yahoogroups.com, moderated by Dr. Lazarin Lazarov, and dealing with the problems of the Bulgarian science and higher education. Its subscribers are currently 5194. This paper lists partly my contribution to the public discussion of the actual situations and challenges of the Bulgarian science in 2013. University/science policy and management and the problems with the failure of the Bulgarian Science Fund are among the main topics considered and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented in this paper was aimed at better understanding of the relationship between soil properties and the availability of trace elements in pasture soils. The research was conducted in several localities of Stara Planina mountain (Babin zub, Javor I, Javor II and Prelesje), where the dominant soil type is acid humus siliceous soil (Dystric leptosol) characterized by the presence of the Agrostietumvulgaris (capillaris) community Z. Pavl., 1955. In all localities the soil sampling was performed at fixed depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10 -20 and 20 - 40 cm. The pseudo-total contents of trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) (extracted with aqua regia solution), as well as the available contents (extracted with the DTPA chelating agent) in the soil were measured by AAS. The pseudo- total content of trace elements in the soil studied are lower or within the limits for multifunctional land use. A correlation was established between the content of available trace elements in soil and the content of pseudo-total trace elements, as well as between these contents and the properties of the soils studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The publications of new materials allow to make observations on the characteristics, origin, dating and spatial distribution of the amphorae with englyphic stamps in Bulgaria. Obviously the discussion about the origin of these amphorae will continue until incontestable evidence is found, such as furnaces or remains of their manufacture in situ or until a highly representative chemical analyses of the clay is carried out. The amphorae with englyphic stamps differ from most of the similar vessels manufactured during the Classical and the Hellenistic periods in several typical particularities The oldest stamps bearing only one name, were determined to belong the last years of the 5th c. BC and the first decade of the 4th c. BC. The dating of the stamps bearing eponymous name often with the affix "..." at the beginning is more complicated. As a whole they are included in the period from 390/385 to 325/315 BC. The dating of the latest specimens of this type of vessels remains under discussion. Against the backdrop of the current studies related to the importation of Greek amphorae in Ancient Thrace, the large spread of vessels marked with englyphic stamps in a vast geographical region (Dobrudzha and Ludogorie, to the west of the river Yantra and across the Thracian plain and the sub-Balkan valleys up to the nominal line to the west between Simeonovgrad-Elkhovo-Fakia) represents an interesting phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]