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2. АЛГОРИТМ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАЧЕСТВА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ НА ПРИМЕРЕ КОСТАНАЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
- Author
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Михайличенко, А. Д.
- Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. On the issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of organic fuels
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Vitaly A. Kozhevnikov, Alexander V. Fedyukhin, and Konstantin V. Strogonov
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Greenhouse gases ,carbon footprint ,organic fuels ,energy saving ,environmental requirements ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
Relevance. Russia has ratified the Paris Climate Agreement. However, European legislation is ambiguously aimed at extracting its own benefits in the current international relations, especially during the period of sanctions against Russia. Expectation of introduction of a carbon tax on the products and services of industry organizations requires a comprehensive analysis of the situation in the field of technology and technologies that contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Aim. Study of approaches and technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions that stimulate the environmentally friendly production of thermal and electrical energy; identification of promising and affordable greenhouse gas condensation technology for domestic energy and features of its application. Object. The list of greenhouse gases was established by the Kyoto Protocol in 1996. The main of greenhouse gases for the energy sector are emissions of carbon dioxide generated by burning fuel in generating heat and electricity. Methods. Analysis of literature data on technologies for utilization of greenhouse gases, the possibilities of its use and reduction of emissions. Analytical calculations were performed to assess the effectiveness of carbon dioxide condensation technology. Results. The authors have carried out the analysis of literature data on regulatory requirements, UN recommendations and aspects of greenhouse gas utilization. They established a promising and affordable technology of greenhouse gas condensation in order to capture and absorb carbon dioxide during fuel combustion when producing thermal and electrical energy. The paper introduces the economic assessment of the costs of purchasing sorbents and the possibility of their extraction and conclusions on the utopian of the tasks of the Paris Climate Agreement.
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- 2023
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4. Systemic measures on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in animal husbandry enterprises. A review
- Author
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I. V. Petrunina and N. A. Gorbunova
- Subjects
greenhouse gases ,methane ,ammonia ,ruminant animals ,feed additives ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The paper presents a review of different approaches to solving problems arising upon greenhouse gas emission from activities of animal husbandry enterprises. The sector of ruminant animal production is under close attention for ecological reasons due to its significant contribution to emission of enteric methane (CH4) and an effect on global climate change. Moreover, analysis of the main sources of methane emission in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex, including by species of livestock and poultry, is given. An impact of a feeding system, feeds and feed additives in use and manure storage on nitrogen losses is estimated. In this connection, the authors examine several promising scientific and practical development results that are aimed to reducing emissions and formulating a strategy for controlling direct emissions of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry that do not jeopardize animal productivity, especially in the context of sustainability. Practical activities that envisage the development of the complex of measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are examined. Potential strategies for mitigating their consequences were divided into the following main categories: animal raising, changes in animal diets and manipulations with rumen. Furthermore, several other measures facilitating an increase in livestock productivity and reduction of the negative effect on the environment were taken. Eco-economic methods for assessing emissions of harmful gases in production of animal husbandry products are considered and the necessity of developing simpler cost-effective technologies for quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and a search for solutions to preserve favorable climate is emphasized. When assessing greenhouse gas emissions, the loss sizes and cumulative ecological damage are taken into account. Realization of strategies for emission reduction should lead to an increase in animal productivity and a decrease in the negative effect of animal husbandry on the environment.
- Published
- 2022
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5. ТРЕХДНЕВНЫЙ ПРОГНОЗ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ МЕТАНА В АТМОСФЕРЕ АРКТИЧЕСКОГО ОСТРОВА БЕЛЫЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ДИСКРЕТНОГО ВЕЙВЛЕТ-ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ
- Subjects
methane ,greenhouse gases ,atmosphere ,вейвлет-преобразование ,парниковые газы ,time series ,атмосфера ,искусственные нейронные сети ,artificial neural networks ,wavelet transform ,временные ряды ,метан - Abstract
В работе предложена гибридная модель для краткосрочного прогнозирования временных рядов среднечасовой концентрации метана, которая объединяет вейвлет-преобразование и искусственные нейронные сети. Целью работы является повышение точности прогнозирования динамики изменения приземной концентрации парниковых газов. Модель протестирована на данных экологического мониторинга парниковых газов на острове Белый Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (Россия), полученных в июле-августе 2017 года. С помощью дискретного вейвлет-преобразования временной ряд концентрации метана был разложен на пять компонентов: одну аппроксимирующую и четыре детализирующих. Эти компоненты совместно с синхронизированными рядами метеорологических параметров (температура, влажность и давление) использовались для обучения пяти авторегрессионных сетей с экзогенным входом (NARX). Прогноз концентрации метана рассчитывался как сумма прогнозов по каждому из пяти компонентов. Качество прогноза оценивалось с помощью нескольких показателей точности модели. Гибридный подход повысил точность прогноза более чем на 20 процентов по сравнению с прогнозом нейронной сети., The paper proposes a hybrid model combined wavelet transform and artificial neural networks for short-term forecasting of time series of hourly average methane concentration. The paper aims to improve the accuracy of predicting the dynamics in the surface concentration of greenhouse gases. The model was tested on the data of greenhouse gas monitoring on Bely Island, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia), obtained in July-August 2017. Using the discrete wavelet transform, the methane concentration time series were decomposed into five components (one approximating and four detailing). To train five autoregressive networks with exogenous input (NARX), these components were used simultaneously with several meteorological parameters - temperature, humidity, and pressure. The methane concentration forecast was calculated as the sum of the forecasts for each of the five components. The quality of the forecast was assessed using several indicators of model accuracy. The hybrid approach improves the forecast accuracy by more than 20 per cent compared to the neural network prediction., Экологические системы и приборы, Выпуск 3 2022
- Published
- 2022
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6. Current Climate Policy of Germany
- Author
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Khorolskaya, M.V.
- Subjects
germany ,climate policy ,emissions trading system ,renewable energy sources ,greenhouse gases ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
The article deals with the German policy aimed at reducing greenhouse gases emission. The author analyses the way current measures correspond with «Klimaschutzprogramm 2030» adopted in 2019. The paper pays special attention to theoretical provisions as well as practical decisions. The author also examines the contribution of the European Emissions Trading System to the German climate actions, as well as the adoption of the national system. In addition, the article concentrates on the amendments to the Renewable Energy Law (EEG) as well as the establishment of new construction standards and the experiment in paying for public transport. The study revealed that current German political steps redistribute the financial burden on the consumers, with the support measures for green energy being changed. The conclusions are important for understanding the further development of the German climate policy influencing the economy and foreign trade of the nation.
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- 2022
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7. Estimating of greenhouse gas emissions from fires in light coniferous forests of the lower Angara region
- Author
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V. A. Ivanov, G. A. Ivanova, E. O. Baksheeva, and A. S. Morozov
- Subjects
forest fires ,fire emissions ,greenhouse gases ,forest types ,central siberia ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Every year, hundreds of forest fires occur on the territory of the Siberia. It is established that in recent decades there has been an increase in the number and area of forest fires, respectively, the volume of pyrogenic emissions increases too. During fires gas-aerosol emissions are released the volume of which is determined by the intensity of the fire and the burnt forest combustible materials. The paper presents calculations of greenhouse gas emissions from fires in light coniferous forests of the Lower Angara region for 2014–2019. Using data on the amount of forest combustible materials burned in a fire, the mass of greenhouse gases released during fires is calculated, depending on the type of fire, the type of forest and weather conditions that affect the drying of combustible materials., The estimated greenhouse gas emission from fires in light coniferous forests ranges from 5.9 to 37.5 ton/ha, depending on the type of fire and the type of forest. Each year, in the light coniferous forests of the Lower Angara region, greenhouse gas emissions from fires vary from 160 to 5649 thousand tons, on average more than 2300 thousand ton/ha per year. In total, during the period under review, according to the calculated data, more than 16 million tons of greenhouse gases were released during forest fires, with a predominance of CO–CO2. It is revealed that unfavorable conditions of dispersion of emissions from forest fires are formed in the summer months, characterized by a high frequency of calm, surface inversions and radiation fogs. Relatively favorable weather conditions in the presence of pollution factors for self-cleaning the atmosphere from fire emissions are observed in spring and autumn, when the greatest number of windy days is recorded.
- Published
- 2021
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8. ΡΟ ЗΡΑΧУΗΟΚ ΤΑ ПΟΡΙΒΗЯЛЬΗИЙ ΑΗΑЛΙЗ ΒИΚИДΙΒ ДЕЯΚИΧ ΒΙДПΡΑЦЬΟΒΑΗИΧ ГΑЗΙΒ ПΙД ЧΑС ΒИΚΟΡИСΤΑΗΗЯ ΤΡΑДИЦΙЙΗИΧ ΤΑ ΑЛЬΤЕΡΗΑΤИΒΗИΧ ΑΒΙΑЦΙЙΗИΧ ПΑЛИΒ.
- Subjects
AIR jets ,JET engines ,JET fuel ,AIRPLANE fuel & the environment ,GREENHOUSE gases & the environment ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
This article is devoted to investigation of the environmental problems associated with the use of fuels for air-jet engines. The main components of the exhaust emissions of gases that result from the use of traditional and alternative aviation fuels are considered and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to assessment of the negative impact of the use of petroleum fuels for air-jet engines on the current state of the environment. The possibility of reducing emissions of certain exhaust gases from aircrafts using aviation biofuels is shown at the example of fuels obtained from vegetable oil-containing feedstock. The paper indicated the potential positive effect of the use of biofuels for aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
9. Greenhouse gases’ inventory control – carbon policy – competitiveness
- Author
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Yazykov Sergey Alekseevich and Anufriev Valeriy Pavlovich
- Subjects
competitiveness ,carbon intensity ,energy management ,инвентаризация парниковых газов ,carbon policy ,энергоэффективность ,Energy efficiency ,энергосбережение ,energy saving ,углеродная политика ,конкурентоспособность ,углеродоемкость ,greenhouse gases ,энергоменеджмент ,inventory control ,углеродный менеджмент ,carbon management - Abstract
в данной работе представлен анализ инвентаризации эмиссии парниковых газов в Свердловской области, определены тренды эмиссии (актуальность подчеркивается тем, что обстановка в свердловской области может совпадать как с другими промышленными регионами, так и с Россией в целом). Определён ключевой эмиссэр в промышленности. Авторами проанализирована текущая обстановка в России по низкоуглеродному развитию и выявлена связь с конкурентоспособностью как страны, так и отдельных хозяйствующих в ней субъектов., the paper analyzes the inventory control of the emission of greenhouse gases in the Sverdlovsk Region, and defines the emission trends. The relevance of such analysis is emphasized by the fact that the situation in the Sverdlovsk Region may be the same as in other industrial regions or in Russia in general. The paper determines the key emitting industrial facilities. The authors analyzed the current situation with low-carbon development in Russia, and revealed its relation to the competitiveness of both of the country and of the specific economic entities.
- Published
- 2016
10. Management of Energy-Efficiency in the Context of New Climate Policy
- Author
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Nadezda Victorovna Pakhomova, Kurt Knut Richter, Viacheslav Mikhaylovich Zhigalov, and Aleksandra Sergeevna Malova
- Subjects
energy-efficiency ,energy-intensity ,greenhouse gases ,new climate policy ,correlation analyse ,structure factor ,management of energy-efficiency ,differentiated regional strategies ,institutional factors ,conceptions of new public government ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The paper examines the improvement of the energy-efficiency in Russian regions as one of the leading directions of Russia’s response to the new global challenges and the implementation of Paris climate agreement (2015) on reducing of greenhouse gases emissions. The research aims at the justification of differentiated strategies and instruments to control energy-efficiency in Russian regions with respect to its key drivers. We focuse on a regional aspect as there are essential reserves and distinctions of regions by energy efficiency level, the need of problem areas’ identification, generalization and systematization of positive experience. Based on actual data, we verify the hypothesis that the energy-intensity level of the gross regional product depends on the share of energy-intensive industries, on the region’s land area and on climate characteristics. Institutional factors having positive or negative influence have to be regarded as well. We have untilized comparative method, correlation and cluster analyse, conceptions of new public government and control by results, applied to problems of energy-efficiency and climate risks. As a result, we have identified three groups of regions. In one of them, was no statistically significant dependence of the energy intensity from the applicable standard factors proved. The two other groups confirm this dependence, but with significant differences in the level of energy efficiency. Furthermore, the study shows the significance of regional sector structure factor and justifies differentiated strategies to reduce energy consumption by regional and federal regulators and their consideration in the Energy strategy 2035. The measures to improve the energy efficiency in the regions are to be integrated into the long-term strategy of the Russian Federation to reduce greenhouse gases emissions (2050); and the innovation activities and the quality of regional energy-efficiency management are to be considered and analised.
- Published
- 2017
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11. FORMATION OF A GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- Author
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Komarova, S. and Krichevsky, M.
- Subjects
ПАРНИКОВЫЕ ГАЗЫ ,ДЕКАРБОНИЗАЦИИ ,QUALITY ASSESSMENT ,DECARBONIZATION ,CARBON FOOTPRINT ,ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ,УГЛЕРОДНЫЙ СЛЕД ,GREENHOUSE GASES - Abstract
Статья посвящена проблеме негативного влияния выбросов парниковых газов, поскольку снижение углеродного следа является важнейшей задачей современности, решение которой позволит приблизиться к допустимому уровню антропогенного воздействия на биосферу и будет способствовать смягчению последствий изменения климата. В работе даны предложения по классификации выбросов, предложенные Международной организацией по стандартизации (ИСО), а также рекомендации по внедрению в компании системы экологического менеджмента. The article is devoted to the problem of the negative impact of greenhouse gas emissions, since reducing the carbon footprint is one of the most important tasks of our time, the solution of which will allow us to approach the permissible level of anthropogenic impact on the biosphere and will contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change. The paper presents proposals for the classification of emissions proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), as well as recommendations for the introduction of an environmental management system in the company.
- Published
- 2022
12. Анализ перспектив добычи шахтного метана в западном регионе Украины
- Subjects
emissions to the atmosphere ,метан угольных шахт ,дегазация ,degassing ,recycling ,global warming ,горно-геологические характеристики ,mining and geological characteristics ,coal mine methane ,climate change ,глобальное потепление ,greenhouse gases ,mine gas processing ,парниковые газы ,переработка шахтного газа - Abstract
В работе выполнен анализ запасов метана угольных шахт Украины, в частности, западного региона страны. Проведено сравнение с другими ведущими угледобывающими странами мира по количеству запасов данного ресурса. Определено, что Украина находится в списке стран, обладающих крупнейшими запасами шахтного метана. Приведены данные о количестве выбросов метана в атмосферу, информация о необходимости уменьшения данных выбросов и их негативное влияние как одного из основных парниковых газов на глобальное потепление и изменение климата Земли. Проанализирован мировой опыт основных способов переработки и утилизации добываемого метана угольных шахт. Сделан вывод, что метан является парниковым и озоноразрушающим газом, его использование будет иметь положительный эффект в улучшении экологического состояния Украины и мира. Выбор направления использования метана следует делать, учитывая горно-геологические характеристики добытого газа, а также на нужды региона. Определены ключевые и приоритетные направления использования шахтного метана для Украины, в частности, западного региона., The paper analyzes the methane reserves of coal mines in Ukraine, in particular in the western region of the country. A comparison is made with other leading coal-mining countries of the world in terms of the amount of reserves of this resource. It was determined that Ukraine is on the list of countries with the largest reserves of coal mine methane. The data on the amount of methane emissions into the atmosphere, information on the need to reduce these emissions and their negative impact as one of the main greenhouse gases on global warming and changes in the Earth's climate are presented. The world experience of the main methods of processing and utilization of extracted methane from coal mines is analyzed. It is concluded that methane is a greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas, its use will have a positive effect in improving the ecological state of Ukraine and the world., Горный журнал Казахстана, Выпуск 3 (191) 2021, Pages 15-19
- Published
- 2021
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13. Двухшаговый комбинированный алгоритм повышения точности прогнозирования концентрации метана в атмосферном воздухе на основе нейронной сети NARX и последующего прогнозирования невязок
- Author
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M.S. Remezova, A. V. Shichkin, A. P. Sergeev, I. E. Subbotina, Elena Baglaeva, and A. G. Buevich
- Subjects
Atmospheric air ,Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model ,Ecology ,Operations research ,Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Scientific expeditions ,Two step ,RESIDUALS ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,The arctic ,Constructive criticism ,NARX ,Narx neural network ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,GREENHOUSE GASES - Abstract
Climate change in the Arctic is great and can have a significant inverse effect on the global climate, which determines the global significance of climate change in the Arctic. To date, many issues regarding the mechanisms responsible for the rapid melting of Arctic ice and permafrost degradation have not been resolved. It is not known when and what consequences these changes will lead to. Assessing the relationship between global warming and greenhouse gas emissions is an important environmental challenge. Among the main greenhouse gases, the evolution and climate-forming role of the carbon dioxide have been studied. The data on the methane subcycle of the carbon cycle is much less. In the paper, the authors propose a two-step combined algorithm (NARXR) to improve the accuracy of predicting methane concentration in atmospheric air based on the NARX neural network and subsequent prediction of the residuals. Two commonly used models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) for predicting time series are compared to determine the most appropriate base model. Nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NARX) and Elman’s neural network are used. For the forecast, the authors use data on the methane concentration (CH4) in the atmospheric surface layer on the Arctic Island of Bely (Russia). Data is selected for a time interval of 192 hours, because it is characterized by significant daily fluctuations in the concentration of CH4. Values corresponding to the first 168 hours of the interval are used to train the ANN, and then concentrations are predicted for the next 24 hours. The proposed approach shows more accurate forecast results. © Subbotina I. E., Buevich A. G., Sergeev A. P., Shichkin A. V., Baglaeva E. M., Remezova M. S., 2020. The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Innovation of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and to the NP Russian Center for the Development of the Arctic, city of Salekhard, for technical and logistical support of scientific expeditions to the Island of Bely. The authors also thank the reviewers for constructive criticism and useful recommendations that have improved the quality of article materials.
- Published
- 2020
14. Management of energy-efficiency in the context of new climate policy
- Author
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Pakhomova, N. V., Richter, K., Zhigalov, V. M., and Malova, A. S.
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ,DIFFERENTIATED REGIONAL STRATEGIES ,STRUCTURE FACTOR ,NEW CLIMATE POLICY ,CORRELATION ANALYSE ,ENERGY-EFFICIENCY ,ENERGY-INTENSITY ,MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY ,CONCEPTIONS OF NEW PUBLIC GOVERNMENT ,GREENHOUSE GASES - Abstract
The paper examines the improvement of the energy-efficiency in Russian regions as one of the leading directions of Russia's response to the new global challenges and the implementation of Paris climate agreement (2015) on reducing of greenhouse gases emissions. The research aims at the justification of differentiated strategies and instruments to control energy-efficiency in Russian regions with respect to its key drivers. We focuse on a regional aspect as there are essential reserves and distinctions of regions by energy efficiency level, the need of problem areas' identification, generalization and systematization of positive experience. Based on actual data, we verify the hypothesis that the energy-intensity level of the gross regional product depends on the share of energy-intensive industries, on the region's land area and on climate characteristics. Institutional factors having positive or negative influence have to be regarded as well. We have untilized comparative method, correlation and cluster analyse, conceptions of new public government and control by results, applied to problems of energy-efficiency and climate risks. As a result, we have identified three groups of regions. In one of them, was no statistically significant dependence of the energy intensity from the applicable standard factors proved. The two other groups confirm this dependence, but with significant differences in the level of energy efficiency. Furthermore, the study shows the significance of regional sector structure factor and justifies differentiated strategies to reduce energy consumption by regional and federal regulators and their consideration in the Energy strategy 2035. The measures to improve the energy efficiency in the regions are to be integrated into the long-term strategy of the Russian Federation to reduce greenhouse gases emissions (2050); and the innovation activities and the quality of regional energy-efficiency management are to be considered and analised. Рассмотрены задачи Парижского соглашения, связанные с повышением энергетической, ресурсной и экологической эффективности национальной, секторальной и региональной экономик. Представлен эконометрический анализ факторов, воздействующих на уровень энергоэффективности в российских регионах.
- Published
- 2017
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