Search

International audience

International audience

International audience; Current paper discusses suggestions on mapping marine areas for regional ranking and modelling environmental parameters. To perform water areas ranking it is necessary to do spatial analysis based on a set of factual and cartographic data. Physical maps are used as a basis maps for geographical and thematic zoning of the water areas. Furthermore, they are used for the environmental assessment: e.g. dynamics of pollution of the water areas by chemical elements as well as thematic maps (meteorological, hydrochemical, lithological conditions). Joint analysis of environmental factors is performed using set of the existing maps. Ranking maps of the water areas derive symbols, legends, labels, (scale) settings, coordinate systems and data sources from the combined maps created on the previous steps. Created combined maps are added to the database. All layers of the new maps are copied to the current database and reference tables are supplemented with information on the names, structure, and location of the data. The GIS tools allow to create new vector and raster layers and maps by accessing already existing, and linking them to the spatial information to identify features and relationships between the natural objects.

With widespread urbanization and industrial development, the composition of the Earth's geosphere shells has changed, increasing the number of geoecological problems of territories and negatively affecting human health. Currently, more attention is being paid to monitoring the state of the components of urban natural environments. In Russia, biogeochemical methods (e.g. applying tree leaves as a kind of natural receptor of pollution) are widely used to characterize the geoecological problems of the territories under the pressure of intensive industrial activities. In Western countries, methods allowing us to estimate the impact of ambient factors on ecosystems and human health have become widespread; life cycle impact assessment is among them. However, these methods still have not been applied in combination. Therefore, the implementation of a comprehensive assessment of urban ecosystems using indicators reflecting the intensity of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, following mapping of pollutant distributions, as well as the subsequent use of the results in the evaluation of the industrial enterprises' impact on the environment and in the prediction of the negative effects of pollution (human toxicity and ecotoxicity) are relevant. Such integrated method combining two methodologies was suggested and implemented in the territory of Ust-Kamenogorsk city, one of the significantly technogenic transformed cities in Kazakhstan with a specific set of enterprises, L’accroissement de l’urbanisation et le développement industriel modifient la composition des géosphères de la Terre, en augmentant le nombre de problèmes géoécologiques et en affectant négativement la santé humaine. Actuellement, plus d'attention est accordée à la surveillance de l'état des composants de l’environnement naturel urbain. En Russie, les méthodes biogéochimiques (par ex., l'application de feuilles des arbres comme un récepteur naturel de la pollution) sont largement utilisées pour caractériser les problèmes géoécologiques des territoires dans des conditions d’intensité d’activités industrielles. Dans les pays occidentaux, les méthodes permettant d'estimer l'impact des facteurs ambiants sur la géosphère et la santé humaine sont répandues, parmi lesquelles l'évaluation des impacts du cycle de vie (ÉICV). Cependant, ces méthodes ne sont toujours pas appliquées en combinaison. L’utilisation d’indicateurs efficaces reflétant l'intensité de l'impact anthropique sur les écosystèmes; d’une cartographie de la distribution des polluants, ainsi que l'utilisation a posteriori de ces résultats dans l'évaluation des impacts sur l'environnement et la prédiction de leurs effets négatifs des entreprises industrielles (toxicité humaine et l'écotoxicité) sont pertinents pour l'évaluation complète des écosystèmes urbains. Cette méthode intégrée a été proposée et mise en œuvre sur le territoire d’Ust-Kamenogorsk, l'une des villes ayant subie des transformations technogéniques significatives au Kazakhstan avec un ensemble spécifique d’entreprises

International audience

The article research the effect of triterpene glycosides of the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. on synthesis of cytokines INFy, TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-4 by human mononuclear cells in vitro. Authors found dose-dependent immunomodulatory effect, aimed at stimulating cellular immunity, which suggests the possibility of their use in the production of functional foods for prevention of immune diseases and prevention of food allergies., Исследовано влияние тритерпеновых гликозидов корней Saponaria officinalis L. на синтез цитокинов INFγ, TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-4 мононуклеарными клетками человека in vitro. Установлен их дозозависимый иммуномодулирующий эффект, направленный на стимуляцию клеточного иммунитета, что предполагает возможность их использования при производстве функциональных продуктов питания для профилактики иммунных заболеваний и предотвращения пищевых аллергических реакций.