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The article is dedicated to the story of A. P. Chekhov "Steppe" and haiku. The poetics of Japanese literature, features of culture and poetics of the Russian classic are considered. Much attention is paid to Japanese mythology and the symbolism of the story. The mythology of the tree, in particular cherries, is analyzed in the context of the language of the story and the world mythological tradition. The question of the folk tradition in the artistic world of the writer is raised. The folklorism of Chekhov's creativity is intrinsic, expressed through the composition of the story, which the scientists compared with a lyrical song. The article uses the historical-literary, typological method and experience of folkloristic commenting on the text.