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The 21st century aviation and aerospace technologies have evolved and become more complex and technical. Turbofan jet engines as well as their cousins, the rocket engines (liquid/solid) have gone through several design upgrades and enhancements during the course of their design and exploitation. These technological upgrades have made engines very complex and expensive machines which need constant monitoring during their working phase. As the demand and use of such engines is growing steadily, both in the civilian and military sectors, it becomes necessary to monitor and predict the behavior of parametric data generated by these complex engines during their working phases. In this paper flight parameters such as Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Engine Fan Speeds (N1 and N2), Fuel Flow (FF), Oil Temperature (OT), Oil Pressure (OP), Vibration and others where used to determine engine fault. All turbo fan engines go through several distinctly different working phases: Take-off phase, Cruise phase and Landing phase. Recording generated parametric data during these different phases leads to a massive amount of in-flight data and maintenance reports, which makes the task of designing and developing a fault diagnostic system highly challenging. It becomes imperative to use modern techniques in data analysis that can handle large volumes of generated data and provide clear visual results for determining the technical status of the engine under investigation/monitoring. These modern techniques should be able to give clear and objective assessment of the object under investigation. Cluster analysis methods based on Neural Networks such as c-means, k-means, self-organizing maps and DBSCAN algorithm have been used to build clusters. Differences in cluster groupings/patterns between healthy engine and engine with degraded performance are compared and used as the bases for defining faults. Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in aircraft engine management. Timely and accurate detection of faults is the foundation on which maintenance turnaround times, operational costs and flight safety are based. The data used in this paper for analysis was obtained from flight data recorder during one flight cycle. The final decision on a fault is taken by an engineer.

Оценка геоэкологических рисков на объектах нефтегазового комплекса непосредственно связана с обеспечением безопасности территорий, на которых они расположены. Особенно тяжелые последствия воздействия на экологическое состояние территорий оказывают аварийные разливы нефти и нефтепродуктов. Решение данного класса задач требует оценки уровня аварийного разлива и его классификации с позиций возникновения чрезвычайной ситуации. В статье рассмотрена возможность замены традиционных визуальных методов оценки разливов на разработанные автоматизированные и автоматические способы, использующие для решения задач классификации материалов аэрокосмических съемок. Приведены результаты автоматической классификации изображений мониторинговых наблюдений, которые имели место при аварийном разливе дизельного топлива в г. Норильске, аварии танкера на морской акватории о. Маврикий и аварии сухопутного нефтепровода. Полученные результаты показали работоспособность разработанных методов и возможность их использования в задачах инвентаризации и паспортизации аварийных разливов нефти на суше и акваториях., Purpose. The aim of this work is to ensure the environmental safety of the territories where the accidental spills of oil and oil products have occurred. They have a significant negative impact on the environment of land and water areas. To minimize their impact and eliminate the consequences, an “emergency” regime is introduced in Russia. Depending on the level of the oil spill, it may cover both the territory of a separate facility and a region, and the entire state as a whole. Methods. Traditionally, an estimate of the level of a spill is determined based on the mass of the spilled oil through visual observations from aircraft or ground measurements at selected points. This approach does not allow an accurate assessment of the total area of pollution, the nature of pollution inside the oil slick, as well as the dynamics of its spread over time. To eliminate these limitations, it is proposed to use systems of aerospace monitoring observations and automatic measurements of oil slick parameters: area, composition and mass. To solve this problem, the method of “comparison with the reference standard” was used. Here, samples of color gradations of oil and oil product spill spots proposed in the Bonn Agreement of 2004 were prepared as reference standards. Results. The method was implemented using the experimental software complex AGIR-TM (Aerospace, Geoinformatics, Research, Risks-Technological Modules) which was developed at the Department of Geoecology of the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NRU). During the experimental testing of this method, the work was carried out to assess the accidental spill in the following cases diesel fuel in Norilsk (2020), oil on a tanker in the water area of Mauritius (2020) and oil in an oil pipeline (2012, 2017). The method provides the localization of the area spills along with the color correction (normalization), classification of the composition of oil and oil products and the through account of the investigated processes. The work results in determination for the area of the oil and oil products spill, its composition and weight. Conclusions. The article shows the relevance of solving problems related to the problem of liquidation of emergency spills of oil and oil products at the facilities of the oil and gas complex. The main approaches to aerospace monitoring observations and automatic interpretation of spill parameters are considered. The proposed approach is based on the use of “digital twins” that implement the transition from manual (visual) to automated and automatic modes for determining the parameters of an oil spill: area, composition and mass. The results presented in the article showed the efficiency of the proposed method and the possibility of its use in the tasks of assessing geoecological risks associated with accidental spills of oil and oil products on land and in water areas., Вычислительные технологии, Выпуск 1 (26) 2021, Pages 72-85

Methodological postulates that allow to raise the issue of the formation of virtual organizations in the aerospace industry in the context of corporate structures and material, mainly assets - are formulated. The classication scheme of basic virtual organizations, based on the analysis of conceptual directions of information integration, has been claried. The author’s version of the hierarchical classication scheme of virtual organizations is considered. The recommendations on the forms of virtual organizations based on the selection of the most appropriate aerospace industry from the presented classication scheme of virtualization forms are formulated.

Для генерации сверхподробных тетраэдральных сеток объемом до 1 миллиарда ячеек используется открытое ПО Gmsh. Пакет позволяет строить автоматически указанные сетки на ПК в параллельном режиме OpenMP за время, не превышающее 1 часа при использовании ПК Intel i7–9700K. Описан опыт применения пакета для построения пространственных сеток для задач обтекания аэрокосмических объектов. Приведены примеры суперкомпьютерных расчетов обтекания аэрокосмических объектов., Gmsh open source software is used to generate ultra-detailed tetrahedral grids of up to 1 billion cells. The package allows one to build automatically specified grids on a PC in parallel OpenMP mode in a time not exceeding 1 hour when using an Intel i7–9700K PC. The experience of using the package to construct the spatial grids for problems of flows past aerospace objects is described. Several examples of supercomputer calculations for the flows past aerospace objects are given., ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ: НОВЫЕ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, Выпуск 4 2020

The article describes a conflict between interests of the state customer and the prime contractor on the issue of aeronautical systems and subsystems reliability improvement during its aftersales support. The conflict between interests is shown to arise under the traditional approach to payment for the prime contractor’s services on a basis called “costs+”. Contractual models of public-and-private partnership which are used in the foreign countries successfully, with a payment scheme for the contractor’s services based on outcome performance measures of aeronautical systems and subsystems aftersales support, are presented as a conflict settlement mechanism. A long validity term of such contracts and independence of performance payment amounts from the contractor’s actual expenses motivate the private partner to hold some activities aiming at systems and subsystems reliability improvement. Applicability of technical and economic assessment of these activities is demonstrated. The main provisions of the method for technical and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of aeronautical systems and subsystems reliability improvement are presented thorough the example of a fleet of engines operated within a group of military transport aircrafts with their aftersales support based on outcome performance measures. The method is based on a simulation model of engines fleet operating which allows for the measures of technical and economic evaluation to be identified: average availability of the military transport aircrafts group during the contract validity period, state customer’s operating costs and the prime contractor’s profit. It is experimentally shown on the developed method basis that when the fleet of engines is supported aftersales based on outcome performance measures the prime contractor has an economic interest to improve engines reliability above the requirements specified in the regulatory documentation. Keywords technical and economic evaluation, simulation modeling, availability of aeronautical systems and subsystems, conflict between interests, aftersales support, outcome performance measures, gas turbine aircraft engine, gas turbine engine reliability, operating time between unscheduled removals, military transport aircraft. References References1. Akims V.M. Bases of reliability of gas-turbine engines: the textbook for students of machine-building specialties of higher education institutions. Moscow, Mechanical engineering Publ., 1981. 207 p.2. Akims V.M, Starik D.E., Morozov A.A. Economic efficiency of increase in a resource and reliability of gas-turbine engines. Moscow, Mechanical engineering Publ., 1972. 172 p. (in Russian).3. Aleksandrovskaya L.N., Afana-syev A.P., Lisov A.A. Modern methods of ensuring non-failure operation of difficult systems. Moscow, Logos Publ., 2001. 208 p. (in Russian).4. Asadullin M.R. The technique of definition of optimum terms of the contract of life cycle (on the example of aviation engine-building).What economic model is necessary to Russia? Materials II of the Perm congress of scientists-economists, 11 February, 2016. Perm, PSU Publ., 2016, pp.126–132. (in Russian).5. Barzilovich Yu.E., Mezentsev V.G., Savenkov M.V. Reliability of aviation systems. Moscow, Transport Publ., 1982. 182 p. (in Russian).6. Beshelev S.D., Gurvich F.G. Mathematico-statistical methods of expert estimates. Moscow, Statistics Publ., 1980. 264 p. (in Russian).7. Questions of the mathematical theory of reliability under the editorship of B.V. Gnedenko. Moscow, Radio and communication Publ., 1983. 376 p. (in Russian).8. Scraps V.V. Organizational and economic bases of ensuring competitiveness of hi-tech productions (on the example of aviation engine-building): thesis of the Doctor of Economics: 05.02.22. Moscow, 2007. 319 p. (in Russian).9. Mikhaylov A.A. Model of operation of the park of engines taking into account use of strategy of resource management. The All-Russian scientific and technical conference "The scientific readings on aircraft devoted to N. E. memory of Zhukovsky". The collection of theses. Moscow, VVIA of the prof. N. E. of Zhukovsky Publ., 2004. (in Russian).10. Lifelong contract. Bulletin of operational information "Moscow Auction", 2014, no.11. Available at: http://e-torgi.ru/index.php/stati-2/7691-pozhiznennyj-kontrakt (accessed 03.03.2015). (in Russian).11. Pisarev V.N. Application of the theory of mass service in problems of engineering and aviation providing. Moscow, VVIA of N.E. of Zhukovsky Publ., 1965. 44 p. (in Russian).12. Rumyantsev E.A., Osovsky V.P., Protopopov V.A. Engineering and aviation ensuring fighting of parts of aircraft of armed forces and operation of the aviation equipment. Moscow, VVIA of N. E. of Zhukovsky Publ., 1989. 398 p. (in Russian).13. Smirnov N.N. Scientific bases of creation of system of maintenance and repair of the GA planes. Moscow, MGTUGA Publ., 1994. 107 p. (in Russian).14. Smirnov N.N., Itskovich A.A. Service and repair of the aircraft equipment on a state. 2nd edition added and processed. Moscow, Transport Publ., 1987. 272 p. (in Russian).15. Chudayeva A.A. Reliability and service life of the equipment as economic category. Messenger of regional public institution, 2009, Issue 8 (102), pp. 150155. (in Russian).16. Aguilar M., Estrada G., Myers J. Decision-support quantitative models for valuing incentives in performance-based contracts. Monterey, CA, Naval Postgraduate School Publ., 2005. 112 p. (in Russian).17. Deloitte Consulting LLP. Performance based logistics in aerospace & defense. A rapidly growing market providing lower overall sustainment costs for military equipment and profitable growth opportunities for defense contractors. Available at: http://www.deloitte.com.br/publicacoes/2007/Performance_Based_Logistics_in_A&D.pdf (accessed 29.12.2014). (in Russian).18. Guajardo J., Cohen A., Kim S., Netessine S. Impact of performance-based contracting on product reliability: an empirical analysis. Available at: http://faculty.som.yale.edu/sangkim/PBC-Reliability-Empirical.pdf (accessed 03.03.2015).19. Kim S., Cohen M, Netessine S. Reliability or inventory? Analysis of product support contracts in the defense industry. Available at: http://sites.insead.edu/facultyresearch/research/doc.cfm?did=47947 (accessed 14.11.2015).20. PBC Discussion Paper Vol 1.0. Next generation performance-based support contracts – Achieving the Outcomes that Defence Requires. Available at: http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/Multimedia/Next_GPBSC-9-5978.pdf (accessed 15.03.2015).21. Randall W., Nowicki D., Hawkins T. Explaining the effectiveness of performance-based logistics: a quantitative examination. 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В статье рассматривается лавинная активность в долине р. Ирик. Представлены результаты анализа разновременной аэрокосмической информации за период 1957 2017 гг. и данные маршрутного обсле дования. По фактам выявленных в отдельные годы XXI века разрушений лесных массивов определены при близительные даты схода спорадических лавин. По наличию сохранившихся лавинных снежников определены лавиносборы с высокой лавинной активностью., The article considers avalanche activity in the valley of the Irik river. The results of the analysis of different aerospace information for the period 19572017 are presented. And route survey data. On the facts revealed in some years of the 21st century of forest destruction, approximate dates of the descent of sporadic avalanches are determined. By the presence of surviving avalanche snow elds, avalanches with high avalanche activity have been determined., №3 (2019)

The work is devoted to theoretical and experimental studies of the stress strain state of sandwich beams with honeycomb pyramidal shape under static loading. These theoretical and experimental studies allow to use them in the design of sandwich structures in the aerospace, aeronautical engineering, as well as in the construction and engineering industry, which is of interest to engineers, technicians and designers.

This work deals with powder injection molding (PIM) technology of metal and ceramis powders using polyoximethylene (POM) binder. In this study, two ways to decrease the viscosity of PIM feedstock materials with polyoxymethylene were investigated. The first way was to reduce the average molecular weight (AMV) of the binder and the second one to select a polydisperse particle size distribution with high maximum packing fraction. It was shown that binder with AMW equal to 24410 g/mol gives required level of viscosity around 10 Pa/s. It was shown that using the low disperse powder with wide size distribution can lead to volumetric loading of approximately 83 %. Moreover, using such a feedstock has viscosity lower than required by PIM technology 1000 Pa/s.

Processes and phenomena are under consideration, which can be realized from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics and are typical for geosystems. Attention is focused on the main features and new possibilities given by the ideas and approaches of nonlinear dynamics for solving applied problems of geophysics. Premises for physical interpretation of spontaneous electromagnetic and seismoacoustic emission as a product of temporally uninterrupted transitional dynamic processes related to interaction of different subsystems of geo-medium as its metastable conditions and succession of such conditions are analyzed. An attempt has been undertaken to analyze lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere relations, methods of multiparametric aerospace monitoring of short-term precursors of strong seismic events. Its possibilities and limits are considered and the necessity of integrating passive monitoring systems based on the study of medium-generated emission signals spectra with active ones, oriented to system receptivity control. Baselessness of attempts to give reliable and accurate short-term forecast without studying physics of producing destruction sources and development of deformation process within the Earth’s crust during the final stage in a regime with intensification has been noticed.

International audience; A novel research program on space biology and medicine -- "Living AeroSpace" -- based on recent results and advantages of Russian medical and biological programs of Bion-M1 biosatellite and International Space Station with its possible practical implementation on Rus-M Prospective piloted transport system (PPTS) for long-term (Mars mission) manned spaceflight is proposed.Since 1950s Russian Space Agency have been conducting experiments on space biology and medicine on the base of manned (Salyut, Mir, ISS) and unmanned (Bion biosatellites) spacecrafts. At present the set of experiments in the field of space biotechnology on the Russian Segment (RS) of ISS and Bion-M1 biosatellite includes the following: synthesis of effective methods for detection of biogenic agents: development of multi-functional units for cultivation of multi-cellular microorganisms during spaceflights; influence of spaceflight effects (ES) on viability of human skin cells recovered after cryopreservation; influence of ES on regeneration processes of different complex biological objects; influence of ES on functional status of gastrointestinal tract and its indigenous microbiota; influence of ES on mutation processes, genes regulation and expression of microorganisms and others. The proposed perspective research program in space biology and medicine includes the following main areas: space regenerative medicine (bioengineering of organs and tissues; embryogenesis in space; cryopreservation of biological objects); space genetics (genome control systems; DNA repair technologies; human microbiome engineering); space synthetic biology (polyextremophiles investigation; biosolar panel design; microbial cell factories).The possible ways of practical implementation of perspective experiments in space biology and medicine for the framework of the proposed research program (Living AeroSpace) starting from 2018 are presented.Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.; Перспективная программа экспериментов в области космической биологии и медицины (Living AeroSpace) разработана на основе на достижений и результатов российских медико-биологических научных программ, реализуемых на биоспутниках серии "Бион" и Международной космической станции (МКС). Предложены пути возможной практической реализации программы Living AeroSpace для задач длительных межпланетных миссий (экспедиция на Марс) при использовании перспективной пилотируемой транспортной системы (ППТС) Русь-М.Начиная с 1950-х годов Российским космическим агентством регулярно проводятся эксперименты в области космической биологии и медицины на базе пилотируемых (Салют, Мир, МКС) и непилотируемых (биоспутник Бион-М) исследовательских платформ.В настоящее время реализуемая программа экспериментов на Российском сегменте МКС и биоспутнике Бион-М в области биотехнологий включает: синтез новых эффективных методов детекции агентов биогенного происхождения; разработку многофункциональных комплексов для культивации микроорганизмов и функциональных многоклеточных систем в условиях длительного автономного космического полета; изучение влияния факторов космического полета (ФКП) на выживаемость клеток кожи человека после криосохранения; анализ влияния ФКП на процессы регенерации различных биологических объектов; исследование влияния ФКП на функциональный статус пищеварительного тракта и микробиоты; моделирование процессов регуляции и экспрессии генов с учетом воздействия ФКП и другие. Предложенная перспективная исследовательская программа в области космической биологии и медицины – Living AeroSpace – включает следующие основные направления: космическая регенеративная медицина (биоинженерия органов и тканей; исследование процессов эмбриогенеза; криосохранение многоклеточных биологических объектов); космическая генетика (методы регуляции генов; технологии восстановления поврежденных ДНК; инженерия микробиома человека); космическая синтетическая биология (исследование возможностей полиэкстремофильных микроорганизмов; солнечные батареи на биологических принципах; микробные клеточные фабрики).Также представлены возможные пути практической реализации перспективной программы экспериментов в области космической биологии и медицины -- Living AeroSpace -- начиная с 2018 года.