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Aim: To ascertain informative value of immunological diagnosis of B19 parvovirus in combination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR); to analyse frequency of development of secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in immunodeficient patients as a result of virus persistence--persistent infection eliminated only by treatment causing suppression of erythropoiesis., Material and Methods: B19 parvovirus detection was performed in blood serum of 207 subjects: 144 patients with anemia (Hb < 100 g/1) and 500 blood donors. DNA of parvovirus B19 was detected in the sera by PCR, antibodies to this virus--by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). IgG, IgM, IgA and components of compliment Clq, C3 on the surface of erythrocytes were detected by EIA in anemic patients., Results: Parvovirus infection was registered in 30% patients, in 70% the infection was persistent. The latter were diagnosed to have secondary AIHA., Conclusion: Combined application of PCR and EIA extends potentialities of diagnosis of infection caused by B19 parvovirus. Persistence of the parvovirus provokes onset of symptomatic hemolytic anemia in immunodeficient patients.

The author describes a case of virus hepatitis which was complicated at the 43d day of staying at hospital by the development of grave hemolytic anemia accompanied by hemoglobin fall down to 3.6 g% and red cell count decrease to l 250 000 per mm3. The author believes that the hemolytic crisis was of the autoimmune genesis. Multiple modality treatment including prednisolone (180 mg/day), transfusion of blood and erythrocyte mass provided good results. The patient was discharged in a satisfactory state at the 84th day of staying at hospital.

On the basis of an analysis of immunological and hematological indices the authors have shown the role of activation of physiological hemolysis, immunization of the organism by erythrocyte antigens, inhibition of erythropoiesis due to intoxication and massive hemotransfusions in the development of early and late anemias after operations for congenital and acquired heart diseases under conditions of the artificial blood circulation. The authors propose recommendations for the prevention of such anemias.