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Introduction. Various compounds of mushroom extracts are of interest as a source of new active pharmaceutical substances with antithrombotic activity.Aim. The aim of the work is to determine the potential antithrombotic activity in vitro of aqueous extracts of xylotrophic mushrooms: Lentinula edodes, Pholiota squarrosa, Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Signer, Kuehneromyces mutabilis, Armillaria cepistipes, Armillaria borealis, Hypholoma capnoides, Lentinellus cochleatus, Léccinum aurantíacum, Pleurotus ostreatus.Materials and methods. The study of fibrinolytic activity of water extracts of mushrooms in vitro was carried out. The effect of test objects on plasminogen activation, on the activity of enzyms of the fibrinolysis system α2-antiplasmin, on the time of euglobulin clot lysis and on the concentration of fibrinogen was evaluated. For the analysis we used reagent kits of SPD «RENAM» and LLC Company «Тechnology-Standard» (Russia).Results and discussion. Pronounced antithrombotic activity is demonstrated by an aqueous extract of L. edodes and fractions of aqueous extract. Extracts of L. edodes affect all studied parameters of fibrinolysis to varying degrees. Caps and stems of P. squarrosa, K. mutabilis, and F. velutipes aqueous extracts and fractions of aqueous extracts also demonstrate antithrombotic (fibrinolytic) activity in vitro, having a statistically significant effect on various parameters of fibrinolysis. A less pronounced effect on fibrinolysis parameters in comparison with the above samples is observed when using an aqueous extract of L. cochleatus marked. A. cepistipes, A. borealis, H. capnoides, L. aurantiacum, P. ostreatus fruiting bodies aqueous extracts do not affect the studied parameters of fibrinolysis and the concentration of fibrinogen.Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to recommend extracts from L. edodes, F. velutipes, P. squarrosa and K. mutabilis for further study, for example, in order to develop functional food products for cardiovascular diseases or to create antithrombotic drugs.

Background. Diabetes mellitus has been a menace to healthy human condition from antiquity. There has been continuous search for plant medicinal substances for drug development with an aim to managing this ailment with minimal drug side effects. In this research work, effects of fractions of aqueous root-bark extract of Nauclea latifolia on blood glucose, lipid profile and serum liver enzymes in diabetic rats were investigated. Thirty –five Wistar albino rats weighing 164.1 – 171.6 grammes were used for this study involving aqueous root-bark extract fractions A, B, C and D. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 was normal non-diabetic control, group 2 was diabetic control and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were rats treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of varying root-bark fractions while group 7 was diabetic rats treated with 5mg/kg. body weight of glibenclamide, the standard anti-diabetic drug. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using digital glucometer (Acuu-chek, Mannheim, Germany). Lipid profile was determined using standard procedures. Serum liver enzymes were determined using assay kits. Fraction A was analyzed using gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results. Fraction A demonstrated the most effective anti-diabetic property compared to fractions B, C and D. It caused significant reduction in blood glucose levels. It also brought about significant decrease in the levels of triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were also significantly reduced by it. Fraction A was found to contain catechol as the most abundant active principle. Conclusion. Previous works on catechol show that catechol moiety either exists as a free molecule or a substituent of flavonoids and that it confers on them their anti-diabetic property. Since the catechol containing fraction A caused significant reduction in glucose levels, lipid profile and serum liver enzymes, it therefore has the potential for the management of diabetes mellitus and ameliorating its complications in clinical medicine.

Introduction. Fatty hepatosis is a widespread metabolic disease. There is an annual increase in cases of detection of fatty hepatosis both in Russia and around the world. An urgent task is to search for new medicines for the treatment and prevention of the development of fatty hepatosis.Aim. Investigation of the composition of procyanidins and the biological activity of pine cones extract on a model of fatty hepatosis in vivo.Materials and methods. To obtain the extract, cones of pine harvested on the territory of the Perm Region in December were used. The extract was obtained by processing raw materials with hot water. The component composition of procyanidins in the extract was determined using ultra-efficient liquid chromatography with a mass selective detector. Hepatoprotective activity was studied on a model of fatty hepatosis induced by the introduction of carbon tetrachloride in vivo on white mongrel rats. Silymarin was used as a reference for comparison.Results and discussion. As a result of chromatographic examination, the following procyanidins were identified in a dry aqueous extract of pine cones – B2, B3, C1, C2, D1. As a result of hepatoprotective activity, it was found that no changes were detected in the control (intact) group during the pathohistological examination of the liver. Index (degree) of steatosis: 0. In the experimental group, whose animals were injected with carbon tetrachloride without subsequent treatment, it was found that about 50 % of hepatocytes of the histological section were in a state of macro- and microvesicular fatty dystrophy. The steatosis index is 2. In the group of animals injected with carbon tetrachloride and treated with Karsil®, normalsized hepatocytes with single fatty microvesicles in the cytoplasm. The steatosis index is 0. In the group of animals injected with carbon tetrachloride and treated with pine cones extract, hepatocytes of normal size with an euchromic nucleus, in the central parts in a state of macro- and microvesicular fatty dystrophy (about 20-25 % of all hepatocytes of the histological section). The steatosis index is 1.Conclusion. The extract of pine cones contributes to a moderate decrease in the prevalence of protein, small-focal small-droplet fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes. To increase hepatoprotective activity, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the extract at a dose of 30 mg/kg and above.

Biocidal activity of Vernonia amygdalina was assessed on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks responsible for livestock diseases in North and South-Kivu provinces. In vitro trials were conducted in the laboratory of Lwiro Research Center for Natural Sciences to determine the lethal dose for different days after ticks contact with extracts. Five different dosages of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 g/mL were evaluated. Water was considered as positive control and Batycol as negative control. The phytochemical screening of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina plant shows that this plant contains several substances responsible for acaricidal activity, mainly saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. The experiment shows a mortality rate that varies with the concentration of the extracts; the most fatal is 20 g/mL and decreases with exposure time. The aqueous extracts showed a progressive decrease in mortality compared to ethanol extracts. This is due to the dissolution of the substances responsible for this insecticidal activity. The study recommends the application of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in the fight against cattle ticks. Indeed, this is a natural insecticide available and easier to prepare, non-toxic to humans and is rapidly degraded in the environment.

The article shows that a wild herbaceous plant (Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch ) can be referred to promising food-borne wild plants that have high nutritional value due to the presence of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, minerals, organic acids, carbohydrates. Leaves and roots of bergenia are widely used in the manufacture of medicines, food and biologically active additives, balms, syrups, beverages, various kinds of herbal tea. There are perspectives of using bergenia in the technology of such groups of food products as foods of animal origin, bakery and confectionery products, various sauces, canned foods and others. Studies have shown that practically all the compounds found in the leaves pass into the aqueous extract, but only in different amounts while the solids of the extract contain the largest amount of tannins and phenolic compounds. The results of the study on chemical composition of black leaves of bergenia and aquatic bergenia extract are presented, as well as studies on the use of black leaves of bergenia extract in the technology of meat and fish products - smoked-boiled pork products and preserves from omul. The peculiarity of the developed technologies is the use of the bergenia extract in the amount of 10% of the syringe brine during production of the carbonade "Osobyi" and 20% of the pickling brine during the production of «Omul marinated» preserves. The increase in the shelf life of the developed products has been proved in comparison with the regulatory data due to the bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties of the bergenia extract. The result of evaluation of commercially valuable properties of the selected promising plant source of biologically active substances - black leaves of the bergenia - as a food component and the study of the possibility of its use in the production of meat and fish products enable us to conclude that to produce products of a new generation with high consumer properties is possible.

A comparative analysis of anions (Cl-, SO4 2-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) detection in samples of saline soils by classical methods of titration (with use of atomic absorption analyzer Kvant-2AT for Na+ detection) and by method of capillary electrophoresis on Kapel-105 was performed. An analysis has shown limits of use of these methods as well as possibility of conversion of data obtained by method of capillary electrophoresis into data that could be obtained by methods of titration and atomic absorption. It was found that results of these methods correlate worse for anions especially for chlorides and better for cations. Largest divergence was noticed in areas of extremely low or extremely high rates of soils salinity. Functional relations (mostly linear or polynomial) between magnitudes obtained by different methods was found. The use of suggested equations of conversion gives an opportunity to compare results obtained by traditional methods (titration and atomic absorption) with those obtained by the method of capillary electrophoresis.

Allelopathic features of 13 aromatic plants of Lamiaceae Lindl. family are studied. Dracocephalum moldavica L., Lavandula vera D.C. and Lophanthus anisatus Adans. are showed the highest phytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of lifetime emissions of aromatic plants relative to Triticum aestivum Linn., which reduced germination rates, respectively, by 15.6; 4.9 and 1.7 times. Extracts of plant material of Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh showed the stimulating effect, while germination of wheat was around 96.3 % versus 86.0 % on control. Hyssopus officinalis L. and Dracocephalum moldavica resulted in inhibition of growth processes in Zea mays L. by 1.8–2.6 times. Stimulating effect on Zea mays seed (2 to 6%) was found in Salvia sclarea L., S. officinalis L. and Elsholzia cristata Willd. Hyssopus officinalis, Monarda didyma L. and Dracocephalum moldavica are showed the highest phytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of remains of aromatic plants relative to Triticum aestivum, which reduced germination rates, respectively, by 2.6; 2.0 and 1.8 times. Lophanthus anisatus, Dracocephalum moldavica and Lavandula vera resulted in inhibition of growth processes in Zea mays by 1.7; 1.5 and 1.4 times.