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Günümüzde akademisyenler ve üniversite öğrencileri yeni sorunları ve görevleri keşfetme, bunları çözmenin yollarını bulma, değişen koşullara esnek ve hızlı cevap verebilecek şekilde eğitme göreviyle karşı karşıyadır. Bu görevin yerine getirilmesinde iyi bir sonuç elde etmek, eğitimde yenilikçi bir yaklaşımın uygulanması koşuluyla, üretken ve yaratıcı bir seviyeye geçişi mümkün kılar. Bu, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli teknolojiler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilir.Üniversitelerin birinci sınıflarında, BİT’in (bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri) aktif kullanımıyla, eğitimin genel hedeflerine daha başarılı bir şekilde ulaşmak mümkün, iletişim alanındaki yeterliliklerin oluşturulması ise çok daha kolaydır: gerçekleri toplama, karşılaştırma, düzenleme, kişinin düşüncelerini sözlü ve kâğıt üzerinde ifade etme, mantıksal olarak konuşmak, yazılı ve sözlü konuşmayı dinlemek ve anlamak, seçimler yapmak ve kararlar vermek, yeni bir şey keşfetmek.BİT kullanan dersler, yükseköğretim kurumlarında (orta öğretim kurumları da dâhil olmak üzere) yenilikçi çalışmanın en önemli sonuçlarından biridir. Hemen hemen her derste bilgisayar teknolojisi kullanılabilir. Bu bağlamda şu nokta önemlidir: bu dersi gerçekten geliştirecek ve bilişsel hale getirecek çizgiyi bulmak.Bilgi teknolojisinin kullanımı, öğretmenlerin dersi modern hale getirmek için planlarını uygulamalarına izin verir. Öğrenme sürecinde bilgisayar teknolojisinin kullanılması öğretmenin mesleki yeterliliğinin büyümesini etkiler. Eğitimin kalitesinde önemli bir iyileşmeye katkıda bulunur ve bu da eğitim politikasının ana görevinin çözümüne yol açar. Bilgi teknolojilerini kullanarak, öğrencilerin bilgi düzeylerini olumlu yönde etkileyen eğitim materyalinin sunum mantığına odaklanmak zorunda kalıyoruz. Buna ek olarak, BİT kullanımı öğrencilerin bilişsel ilgisinin oluşumunu ve edinilen bilgiyi kullanma yeteneğini teşvik eder. Bilgisayar sayesinde, bir öğrencini, çok kısa sürede dilbilgisi yapısını geliştirebilir, kelime dağarcığını yenileyebilir, tutarlı konuşma oluşturabilme yönünü tayin edebilir, konuşmanın ses tarafının gelişimindeki boşluklarını doldurabilir ve yazım dikkatini geliştirebilirsiniz. Bütün bunlar okuryazarlığı artırır. Öğrenciler kendi kendini kontrol etme ve kendi kendine çalışma becerilerini geliştirir ve böylelikle de öğrenme sürecine olan ilgi artar., Today, junior teachers are faced with the task of teaching students in such a way that they are able to discover new problems and tasks, find ways to solve them, and can flexibly and quickly respond to changing conditions. It is possible to achieve a good result in the performance of this task in the context of the implementation of an innovative approach to teaching, which ensures the transition to a productive and creative level. This can be achieved using a variety of technologies, including information and communication technologies. Already in the first year, with the active use of ICT (information and communication technologies), the general goals of education are more successfully achieved, competencies in the field of communication are much easier formed: the ability to collect facts, compare them, organize, express one's thoughts orally and on paper, reason logically, listen and understand written and spoken language, make choices and decisions, discover something new.Classes using ICT are one of the most important results of innovative work in higher educational institutions (including secondary educational institutions). Computer technology can be used in almost any class. One thing is important - to find the line that will make this lesson truly developing and cognitive. The use of information technology allows teachers to implement their plans, to make the lesson modern. The use of computer technologies in the learning process affects the growth of the teacher's professional competence. It contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of education, which leads to the solution of the main task of educational policy. Using information technologies, we are forced to focus on the logic of presentation of educational material, which has a positive effect on the level of knowledge of students. In addition, the use of ICT contributes to the formation of the cognitive interest of students and the ability to operate with the acquired knowledge.As a result of using a computer, in a very short time you can develop grammatical structure, replenish vocabulary, form coherent speech, fill in the gaps in the development of the sound side of speech, and develop spelling vigilance. All of this increases literacy. Students develop the skill of self-control and independent activity, and their interest in the learning process increases.Due to the optimal teaching methods and modern technology, the teacher provides the opportunity for each student to "travel" through the world of knowledge, just as he travels through the game scenes of some interesting game, which gives a new powerful impetus for the formation of independent cognitive activity., Сегодня перед преподавателями младших курсов стоит задача – обучать студентов таким образом, чтобы они были способны обнаруживать новые проблемы и задачи, находить пути их решения, могли пластично и быстро реагировать на изменяющиеся условия. Достичь хорошего результата в выполнении этой задачи можно в условиях реализации инновационного подхода в обучении, обеспечивающего переход на продуктивно-творческий уровень. Этого можно достичь при помощи разнообразных технологий, включая информационно– коммуникационные. Уже на первом курсе при активном использовании ИКТ (информационно-коммуникативные технологии) удачнее достигаются общие цели образования, намного легче формируются компетенции в области коммуникации: умение собирать факты, сопоставлять их, организовывать, выражать свои мысли в устной форме и на бумаге, логически рассуждать, слушать и понимать письменную и устную речь, делать выбор и принимать решения, открывать что-то новое.Занятия с использованием ИКТ являются одним из самых важных результатов инновационной работы в высших учебных заведениях (в том числе и в средних общеобразовательных учреждениях). Практически на любом занятии можно применить компьютерные технологии. Важно одно – найти ту грань, которая позволит сделать данное занятие по-настоящему развивающим и познавательным. Использование информационных технологий позволяет преподавателям осуществить задуманное, сделать занятие современным. Использование компьютерных технологий в процессе обучения влияет на рост профессиональной компетентности преподавателя. Оно способствует значительному повышению качества образования, что ведёт к решению главной задачи образовательной политики.Используя информационные технологии, мы вынуждены акцентировать внимание на логику подачи учебного материала, что положительно влияет на уровень знаний обучающихся. Кроме этого, применение ИКТ содействует формированию познавательного интереса студентов и способности оперировать полученными знаниями.Благодаря компьютеру, за очень короткие сроки можно развивать грамматический строй, пополнить словарный запас, формировать связную речь, восполнить пробелы в развитии звуковой стороны речи, развивать орфографическую зоркость. Всё это повышает грамотность. У студентов развивается навык самоконтроля и самостоятельной деятельности, повышается интерес к процессу обучения.Благодаря оптимальным методам обучения и современной технике преподаватель предоставляет возможность каждому студенту «путешествовать» по миру знаний, подобно тому, как он совершает путешествие по игровым сценам какой-нибудь интересной игры, что даёт новый мощный импульс для формирования самостоятельной познавательной активности.

The article is devoted to occasional combinatorial lexicology as a separate area of combinatorial linguistics, more precisely, to lexicology studying occasional collocations, or atypical, individually authored and non-reproducible word combinations created through deliberate violation of lexico-semantic compatibility for performing certain functionally expressive tasks within a specific text. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the authors create and include occasional collocations for various purposes: first, to express an unconventional attitude to the object or subject described, secondly, to give it its own characteristic, thirdly, to put a certain emphasis on any part of the narration, etc. The technique of the functional-semantic analysis of occasional collocations as the basic, complex method of investigation is presented in the article, and features of this type of collocations are revealed. The authors believe that the allocation of occasional combinatorial lexicology contributes to the development and improvement of combinatorial science and the lexicological branch, provides scientifically substantiated interpretation and description of special lexical units - occasional collocations.

The purpose of the study is to research birth tourism issue. The article gives the socio-demographic and statistical aspects of research problems of birth inbound tourism in the Russian Federation. Following the literature analysis, the degree of study for birth tourism lags behind its actual size. Currently, the media has accumulated a significant amount of information on birth tourism in Russia, that requires processing, systematization and understanding that can and should become an independent area of study of sociologists and demographers to develop recommendations for the management of socio-demographic processes in birth tourism in our country. It is necessary to identify the problems that will inevitably arise. At present, this process is almost not regulated. These problems are complex, it requires the joint efforts of sociologists and demographers. However, it is impossible to obtain reliable results and to develop management decisions without attention to the statistical aspect of this problem. It is necessary to create methodological support for collecting and information processing and model development of the birth tourism. At the initial stage it is necessary to identify the direction and objectives of the analysis to determine the factors in the development of this process, to develop a hierarchical system of statistical indicators, to receive the information, needed for calculating of specific indicators. The complex research of the birth tourism issues should be based on the methodology of sociology, demography and statistics, including statistical observation, interviews with residents, structure analysis and birth tourism concentration in the country, the analysis of the dynamics, classification of factors and reasons, the grouping of regions for the development of the studied processes and, of course, the development of economic-statistical indicators. The article reveals the problem of the significant influence of the uncontrolled spread of birth tourism on the socio-economic sphere of many countries, where there is a directed flow of women from abroad. The task is to explore the status and development of birth tourism to make sciencebased decisions for managing of this process. Birth tourism concept is defined. Birth tourism motives and social tension reasons are indicated in the countries for the temporary stay of women. Key indicators and system of indicators for the economic and statistical analysis of the birth inbound tourism are proposed. The article shows: analysis of birth tourism prevalence in the world and in Russia, the motives and birth tourism issues, the characteristic of the birth tourism as an object of study, the content of the indicators’system and its key indicators.

In 2008 Mikhail Epstein suggested a new discipline, sciptorics, that would bring back the subject of writing hastily effaced by the poststructuralist concept of the “death of the author”. In scriptorics, the act of writing gains an anthropological and personalised dimension. The scriptor’s mode of existence consists in “leaving traces” by literally inscribing oneself into the world in a paradoxical manner through selfexpression and self-erasure. Epstein’s idea reflects that of Mikhail Shishkin’s literary work in which “writing by traces” is not only a recurrent motif but also a conscious narrative strategy. The paper focuses on Shishkin’s book of essays written in German: Auf den Spuren von Byron und Tolstoi (In the Steps of Byron and Tolstoy, 2002). Its autobiographical protagonist sets out on a walking tour following his predecessors’ paths from Lake Geneva to the Bernese Alps. The book whose genre is defined by the author as a “literary walk” includes a wide range of archival material, historical sources, autobiographical details, quotes, poems, memoirs, and abstract reflections. It can and probably should be considered together with Shishkin’s previous “literaryhistorical guidebook” Russian Switzerland (1999) — in both cases the topographical focus inevitably shifts from Switzerland to Russia and its history, and, above all, its literature. Moving across borders of languages and cultures, space and time, Shishkin’s heterogeneous travelogue transforms the exploration of the Swiss/Russian chronotope into a two-fold aesthetic act: of reading and reproducing his predeccesors’ texts, on the one hand, and of generating his own narrative on the other. At the crossroads of seemingly mutually exclusive categories such as writing and copying, fictional and factual, self-loss and self-discovery, authenticity and plagiarism, speaking and translating, the subject of writing reappears in the new status of a scriptor.

This article regards the scandals of the “MetrOpol” almanac, Viktor Erofeev’s Russian Beauty and especially the perestroika films “Little Vera” and “Intergirl”. Through their performance of provocations, of­tentimes sexual, transgressors activate the suppressed desires of their audience, whose defensive reaction copies the performative mechanisms of the initial trans­gression. In applying such a reading to perestroika scandals and their reception, this article critically examines “Little Vera” and “Intergirl” as cinematic scandals and explores their ability to start productive debates about moral values and social rules.

статья посвящена проблеме формирования социокультурных знаний и понимания языковой картины мира носителей английского языка. В работе приводится модель обучения, предполагающая непосредственную работу по формированию страноведческих знаний, включающую в себя 3 этапа работы с англоязычными песнями., the article is devoted to the problem of socio-cultural knowledge formation and understanding of linguistic world image among bearers of the language. The article demonstrates an educational model supposing a direct work on formation of area studies knoweldge including 3 stages of work with English songs.