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We have presented the classification of more than 40 methods of genetic material, substances and organelles introduction into a living cell. Each of them has its characteristic advantages, disadvantages and limitations with respect to cell viability, transfer efficiency, general applicability, and technical requirements. It this article we have enlarged on the description of our developments of several new and improved approaches, methods and devices of the direct microinjection into a single cell and cell microsurgery with the help of glass micropipettes. The problem of low efficiency of mammalian cloning is discussed with emphasis on the necessity of expertizing of each step of single cell reconstruction to begin with microsurgical manipulations and necessity of the development of such methods of single cell resonstruction that could minimize the possible damage of the cell.

Described are the results of testing of methods of the new 01-22-04 standard designed for monitoring the image-quality parameters of digital X-ray converter-receivers (made alongside with tests of digital X-ray diagnostic units ProScan-7000 and ProScan-2000).

An integral chip (IC) was designed for controlling the step-down pulse voltage converter, which is based on the multiphase pulse-duration modulation, for use in biomedical microprocessor systems. The CMOS technology was an optimal basis for the IC designing. An additional feedback circuit diminishes the output voltage dispersion at dynamically changing loads.

The paper contains a description of the "Neurotest7A" signal generator designed for testing the electroencephalography and electrocardiography equipment, including its functional and technical characteristics, structural scheme and operational algorithm.

Controlling and diagnostic processes in the bioengineering artificial clearance systems despite of the procedures applied, their functional use and design seem to occur in the artificial organs, each of them consists of controlling and actuating processors ensuring their homogeneous (material, energy-producing, informational) or combined interaction with the patient's body. Centralized control over artificial clearance is proposed by using universal controlling processes which are informationally connected with the operator, the central computer and other controlling processes of the bioengineering system.

A device designed for studying the motion kinematics of locking elements in the artificial cardiac valves is described. The principle of its operation is based on the photoelectric registration with subsequent electronic differentiation of the electric displacement signal. The length of measurable linear displacement is 0+20 mm. The amplitudinal-frequency characteristics of the differentiator is linear within the range of 0+120 Hz. The error of the displacement and speed error--not more than 5 per cent.