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The species Brassica rapa L. includes leafy and root crops grown in many countries of the world. Clarification of genetic relationships and population structure allows for a more accurate parental line selection for further breeding using genetically distinct forms. The B. rapa collection maintained at VIR contains 1750 accessions representing different subspecies and countries of origin, and it is a good tool for studying the diversity of cultivated forms using molecular genetic methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity and clarify the relationships within the B. rapa species using molecular markers. Molecular screening of 80 accessions using 16 microsatellite markers revealed alleles ranging in size from 85 to 460 bp with an average of 7.8 alleles per locus. The average polymorphic index content (PIC) was 0.278, and the expected heterozygosity (H) averaged was 0.35. Rare and unique alleles were identified for Beijing cabbage (k-63 and k-108), Japanese leafy vegetables (k-217 and k-335) and turnip (k-738) samples. Alleles of SSR loci BRMS-007 (123 bp) and BRMS-034 (136 bp) were identified, which are characteristic only of accessions of turnips, rapeseed and sarsons. In silico analysis of primer pairs was performed to clarify the sizes of expected fragments relative to the reference genome CAAS_Brap_v3.01 of Chinese cabbage line Chiifu-401-42. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program and resulted in the distribution of accessions into four clusters according to botanical classification: Chinese cabbage; pakchoi, tatsoi; Japanese leafy vegetables, wutacai, tsoisum, mizuna and mibuna (kyona) and hybrid forms; turnip and rape accessions.

On March 20, 2024, an outstanding Russian breeder Grigory Fedorovich Monakhos, Head of a scientific school in the field of vegetable breeding, turned 70 years old. The labor, scientific and pedagogical activities of Grigory Fedorovich for more than forty years have been associated with «Timiryazevka” – the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Grigory Fedorovich is the author/co-author of more than 70 hybrids of vegetable crops, of which more than 40 are of white cabbage. In his breeding work, G.F. Monakhos paid the greatest attention to the most complex aspects: the genetic resistance of plants to phytopathogens and pests. Under his leadership, 18 candidates of science defended their theses. G.F. Monakhos is a co-author of more than 130 publications, including a textbook and educational manuals. Grigory Fedorovich is a member of the editorial boards of scientific journals “Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy” and “Potato and Vegetables”.

Hit-or-miss use of chemical pesticides and benightedness on the long-term impacts of hard pesticides on plants, soil, human health, and environments in conjunction with the resurgence of cabbage butterfly are the major impediments to the production of cabbage across the globe. This study, thus, was executed to disinter the effective soft pesticides which can keep the Pieris brassicae nepalensis well below the economic injury level, minimize their resurgence or even eradicate them so as to surge the production and productivity of cabbage in Salyan district, Nepal from April to July 2022. The experiment was set down in one factorial randomized complete block design with soft pesticides: Neemix @5ml/l, Cow urine solution@ 1:10, Botanical extract fermented with cow urine (BEFCU)@1:5, Emamectin benzoate @2gm/l, Spinosad @0.3ml/l, Cypermethrin@2ml/l, and Control, were used as treatments and each treatment were replicated thrice. Mean larval population, percentage of infested leaves, average hole per infested leaves, head diameter, height, and yield of cabbage were the parameters that were documented during the entire experimental period. Spraying of soft pesticides unraveled significant sway in larval mortality as well as diminution in the damage. Zenithal reduction in the cabbage butterfly population was recorded on the application of Spinosad (80%) followed by Cypermethrin (71.29%), Emamectin benzoate (71.25%), and Neemix (67.22%). Similarly, the nadir percentage of damage on leaves was documented on the application of Spinosad and Cypermethrin followed by Emamection benzoate. Maximum head diameter (16.10 cm) and yield (23.44 Mt/ha) were obtained when cabbage was sprayed with Spinosad followed by Cypermethrin whereas minimum head diameter (13.37 cm) and yield (13.76 Mt/ha) was recorded with the control. Spinosad and Cypermethrin, thus, are superior soft pesticides for the management of cabbage butterfly relative to other treatments in Salyan district. Farmers, therefore, are suggested to exploit Spinosad and Cypermethrin for the control and management of cabbage butterfly in an attempt to boost the production and productivity of cabbage.

Relevance and methodology. Today, white cabbage is the most popular type of vegetable raw materials used for fermentation not only in Russia, but also in other countries. To obtain a variety of flavors and shades of flavor, various vegetables (carrots, sweet peppers), fruit (apples, cranberries) and spicy-aromatic additives (cumin, dill seed, etc.) are added to the cabbage during fermentation. During fermentation, the product contains not only the initial components of the raw material (vitamin C, macro-and micronutrients), but also significantly increases the number of lactic acid microorganisms – the main "participants" in the process.One of the main products of the metabolism of lactic acid microorganisms is lactic acid. At a concentration of 0.5%, it begins to inhibit the development of many microorganisms. When reaching a concentration of 1-2% microbiological enzymatic hydrolysis, as a rule, ceases. The accumulation of acetic acid allows us to judge the intensity of the heterofermentative stage of fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms.Results. The L. plantarum + L. casei consortium has shown a synergistic interaction in the accumulation of lactic acid, since the amount of acid produced by the consortium significantly exceeds the amount of acid produced by each strain separately. This point is also noted for the accumulation of acetic acid. In the L. brevis + L. casei consortium, the opposite situation is observed: when using cultures separately, the accumulation of lactic acid occurs to a greater extent than when using two cultures simultaneously. There are no obvious differences between monocultures and the consortium in terms of acetic acid accumulation. In the case of the L. plantarum + L. brevis consortium, we observe a synergistic interaction, with the dominant role in this consortium played by L. plantarum, and the contribution of L. brevis to the accumulation of lactic acid is insignificant. At the same time, the total resulting accumulation of acetic acid is significantly less than the result of each strain separately, which may indicate a negative mutual effect of the participants in the process. Acid degradation of the polysaccharide matrix of cell walls does not occur during the entire fermentation process.

Relevance. The main producers of cabbage in Dagestan are personal subsidiary farms of the Mountain subprovince. An additional reserve of production is the Foothill subprovince (in particular buinak district), soil and climatic conditions which are favorable for growing cabbage. In this regard, studies aimed at studying the adaptive potential of cabbage varieties in this subprovince are relevant.Material and methods. The aim of the work is to develop elements of technology for growing varieties of cabbage in relation to the Foothill sub-province of the Republic of Dagestan. The results of three-year studies on the adaptive potential of cabbage varieties in irrigation conditions of the Foothill sub-province of the Republic of Dagestan are presented.Results. As a result of the conducted researches it is revealed that the variety Nadezhda has formed the greatest productivity on all variants on a mode of irrigation. Quite high data are also noted in the variety Samur 2. Comparative analysis of variants of the experiment the total water consumption showed that, on average, for the studied varieties of cabbage most economical use observed in the irrigation regime providing for irrigation when pre-irrigation moisture threshold 75-85-75% NV. On average, the studied varieties and hybrids of cabbage, the most economical expenditure was observed in the irrigation regime, which provides for the appointment of watering at the pre-watering threshold 7585-75% NV. Compared with the first option (70-80-70% NV) saving irrigation water was 150 m3/ha, and compared with the third option (80-90-80% NV) – 178 m3/ha. On the same option was formed quite high productivity of varieties of cabbage.

One of the agriculture branches practiced in the cities of Rzeczpospolita and Principality of Moldova of, in the XVI-XVII c., was vegetable growing. Vegetable growing has been stimulated by several factors including: geo-climatic factor (temperature suitable plant growth, the presence of water for irrigation and others); the religious factor (during the fasts the population consumed especially vegetal products); the commercial factor (the possibility of selling vegetables on the market). Practicing this branch requires more extensive knowledge of agriculture compared to other agricultural culture. Vegetable growing provided food and ingredients for different types of food. In the cities of these countries, the same vegetables were cultivated: cabbage, beets, carrots, onions, radishes and others. Usually, the vegetables cultivated by townspeople were used to meet local requirements, bringing some incomes to the inhabitants of urban settlements by selling them.

Relevance Breeding for resistance is one of the priorities when working with late-ripening cabbage.The most significant damage to this crop in the south of Russia is caused by diseases such as fusarium, black rot, and from pests – tobacco trips. Methods The purpose of the research is development of heat-resistant hybrids of medium-late and late maturity of various areas of use with complex resistance. For 2 decades much attention was paid to breeding and immunological work on development of inbred lines with group resistance: to fusarium and polygenic resistance to black rot. The study of race-specific resistance for better protection against black rot began in 2013. At that, the progeny of the lines were eveluated, which were selected by hydathogenic polygenic resistance on the infectious background of cabbage during inoculation of plants with the Krasnodar population of the pathogen.Since specific resistance to a particular race inherited in white cabbage is recessive and it is very difficult to develop lines and hybrids resistant to several races, a strategy was chosen to increase resistance to this dangerous disease based on a combination of field resistance, stem resistance to the main race 1 and leaf resistance to one or two races. Results As a result of the work carried out in 2018, 44 lines of medium-late maturity with stem resistance to race 1 were selected, of which a significant part of the lines had leaf resistance to a particular race, including 4 lines resistant to races 1 and 4, 1 line – to races 0, 1,4, and 1 line – to races 0, 3, 4. The heat-resistant hybrid for processing Sudarynya was passed to State Variety Testing, it has one parent with stem resistance to race 1, leaf resistance to races 0, 1.4 and hydatode resistance, and the second parent has stem resistance to race 1 and hydatode resistance. Every year, hybrids are evaluated for thrips damage. According to the results of the evaluation of hybrids, lines with a high tolerance to tobacco thrips were identified. In 2017-2018 9 lines with complex resistance to fusarium, black rot and thrips (Ten211, Yas111, Eubi122, Hn861, Hn270-21, Hn270-24, Br272-22, Hn270-14p-1, 272-510) were selected, on the basis of which promising combinations of economically valuable traits were obtained.

Relevance One of the basic directions of the cabbage crop breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids with a complex of economically valuable traits. This process is difficult and time-consuming as to get pure lines must be within 6-12 years hold inbreeding. Herewith not every line gives the desired heterotic effect that also requires additional verification. Methods Biotechnological method culture of isolated microspores in vitro, which allows in the first generation to receive a line with 100% homozygosity, was used to speed up the breeding process. Combination ability were performed in complete diallel cross on the basic morphological signs. Results Culture medium for cultivation of isolated microspores in vitro was optimized for each genotype of cabbage for the best embryoids regeneration. Maximum amount of embryoids was received on medium with pH 6.2 using ampicillin 100 mg/l and zeatin 1 mg/l: 466.7 ± 153.2 PCs/100 buds. A new source material for breeding – doubled haploid lines of cabbage was received. Lines – the best parents for F1 hybrids with high yield, compact rosette of leaves, with optimum inside and short outside cabbage stump was created. Studies have shown that optimization of breeding process in case of creation of pure lines of cabbage in 3 years with microspore culture requires to reduce the breeding process in 2 times.

RelevanceRecently, breeding work with cabbage is aimed at developing F1 hybrids, which provide the population with year-round production. The main requirements for hybrids: excellent presentation with appropriate taste, high yield stability, morphological uniformity, resistance to major diseases and tolerance to pests, as well as high keeping quality during storage. In recent years, tobacco thrips is a serious problem for cultivation of cabbage. Plant resistance to tobacco thrips is becoming increasingly relevant, at the moment in the conditions of Krasnodar region. Since tobacco thrips is the most dangerous pest in the south and quickly adapts to poisons, development of resistant hybrids should be considered the most effective way to control.Methods The purpose of breeding work is to identify highly productive cabbage hybrids with high tolerance to tobacco thrips. It was previously found that late-ripening hybrids are less affected. Therefore, in our studies, we evaluated the effect of growing terms of the same hybrids in different years of research and on their damage with Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The direction of this work is to evaluate hybrids of cabbage for leaf damage by tobacco thrips and to identify sustainable hybrid combinations and their parental forms. Studies were carried out in the central soil-climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The object of research was medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage. ResultsThe degree of susceptibility of hybrids to tobacco thrips varied significantly during the three years of research, but there were distinguished lines that established themselves as the most stable: Yas25p, Ts139, Agrbh82, Pi 714, 272Br-22. Hybrid combinations with these lines showed the least loss of marketable yield and the minimum number of affected leaves in each year of the study. Of the zoned hybrids, the Revansh F1 hybrid shows a high tolerance. It was found that a later planting period significantly reduces the degree of thrips damage.

Relevance The Republic of Dagestan is the southernmost region in the Russian Federation. The climatic conditions of the Derbent district of the Republic of Dagestan are favorable for seed production without direct cabbage. Material and method In cabbage seed production in direct culture it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of cabbage biology. In the Republic of Dagestan near the city of Derbent, all the phasic processes near cabbage take place in a short autumn period and in early spring. Results Years of experience in the conduct of cabbage seed production made it possible to determine the optimal timing for planting varieties (parental hybrids) of white cabbage of different groups of ripeness and different varieties. The technology of direct seed farming of cabbage is presented.

Black rot (pathogen – Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is one of the most harmful diseases of brassicas. Seedlings growing in trays in greenhouse can meet rapid spreading of the pathogen and heavy yield loss even at very low seed infection level. This work was targeted on efficiency comparison for different plant protection agents against black root infection in seeds. Antibacterial effect of the agents was tested in vitro by well diffusion, direct placement of the agent onto bacterial lawn, and by incubation of bacterial suspension with the agents. Biological efficiency of the agents against seed infection was tests by seed soaking or by wet treatment. High antibacterial effect against black rot pathogen in vitro was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), Ps 11, and Kocide 2000. Highest biological efficiency against seed infection by black rot was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), and Kocide 2000.

It is important to reveal the genetic base of breeding genetic material used for development of new breeding accessions among diverse Brassica oleracea L. (CC, 2n = 18). Traditional varieties, hybrids and new ones recently developed are the main genetic resources.Classification of a collection with DNA markers enables to reveal valuable genotypes and establish the breeding accession pedigree that allows developing the new accessions with sustainable economically valuable traits. The use of microsatellite markers (SSR) in B.oleracea L. has shown high efficiency in discovering genetic polymorphism between varieties and within varieties as well. In this study, 16 primer pairs have been taken to amplify microsatellite loci of genomic DNA in national 24 breeding accessions of cabbage. On the basis of the data obtained the dendrogram has been constructed with use of Jaccard’s coefficient. All locistudied were high informative, where 14 out of 16 had a PIC > 0.5. As a result, the level of genetic polymorphism has reached 85.7%. The large cluster of head cabbages consists of three subclusters: mid-maturing and early-maturing accessions of white head cabbage, red head and savoy cabbages, late-maturing and midmaturing accessions of white head cabbage, respectively. Maximum genetic distance in the cluster of head cabbages was obtained between head cabbage ‘Slava 231’ and ‘Vertu 1340’ with genetic similarity 44.7%. The two varieties of red head cabbage ‘Gako 741’ and ‘Kamennaya Golovka 447’ were genetically similar at 71.1%. The relatively low genetic similarity of these varieties can be explained by that they belong to different varietal groups. The most genetically closest varieties were ‘Zimovka 1474’ and ‘Podarok‘ with genetic similarity 86,5%. Information on topologic differentiation obtained from cluster analysis can be the basis for selection of genetically valuable breeding material with the use of DNA markers (Marker Assisted Selection).

Relevance Currently, in genetic studies and selection of cabbage cultures, biotechnological methods for creating clean lines — doubled haploids in the culture of anthers and in the culture of isolated microspores are widely used. A common feature of these technologies is that the plants obtained in vitro have different levels of ploidy and along with doubled haploids there are haploid, tetraploid and mixoploid forms. Therefore, the use of new cytological methods of analysis of haploid plants remains an urgent problem. Material and method The aim of this work is to establish the genetic nature of regenerated plants of Brassica oleracea L., obtained from reproductive organs in vitro. Isolated anthers and ovaries of white cabbage were cultivated on solid nutrient media containing mineral salts according to the recipe Murashige and Skoog (MS). The obtained regenerated plants were used to calculate the number of chromosomes in the root meristem, as well as the number of chloroplasts in the cells of the closing stomata of leaves using the new universal method of preparing preparations of plant chromosomes – “SteamDrop”. Results As a result of the research, the dependence of the level of ploidy on the cultivation conditions was studied. It has been shown that plants-regenerants of white cabbage, obtained in vitro from reproductive organs, had a different set of chromosomes (n, 3n, 5n). It was established that the number of chloroplasts in the stomatal cells of regenerated plants was from 9 to 45, while the original donor plants had 18–20.

Relevance The main diseases that affect cabbage crops during the growing season are bacterioses, alternariosis, fusarium and others. Despite the success of breeding to create resistant varieties and hybrids in some years, there is a massive disease defeat of cabbage. Therefore, preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of cabbage diseases are of paramount importance. In recent years, in connection with the development of agricultural biotechnology for the prevention of cabbage diseases, biologics have been proposed based on the products of bacterial metabolism: antibiotics, enzymes, phytohormones, vitamins, etc. Methods In the Laboratory of Cole Crop Breeding and Seed Production of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2017-2018 conducted tests of biofungicides. The article presents the results of tests of biofungicides BisolbiSana and BisolbiFita to protect cabbage from diseases. Results The biological effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with biofungicides against cabbage altenariosis was 53.3-57.1%, against bacterial mucosa 40.2-47.8% depending on the variety (hybrid). Plant yield increased by 7-8.5%.

Experiments were carried out to optimize the parameters of cell tray vegetable seeder with the aim of adopting it to a specific working conditions. Two major factors, the vacuum pressure in the seeding drum and suck hole diameter were tested on cabbage seeds (Valentina cultivar) and plastic tray with 64 cells at three levels (–1, 0, +1) for each factor using the orthogonal central composite design (CCD) regression experiment. The effects of these factors on the single-seed rate (seed singulation), double-seed rate and empty-seed rate were investigated. The experimental results showed that major factor affecting single-seed rate, empty-seed rate and multi-seed rate was vacuum pressure, while suction hole diameter do not affect double-seed rate. It has been established that the round holes of the seeding drum conform to the round-shaped cabbage seeds to ensure high-quality seeding within the required agrotechnical indices — up to 96.0 % of single-seed sowing, and up to 4 % seeding of cells with double and emptyseed rate. The study determined the optimal parameters of vacuum pressure to be 2,9 kPa and 1,0 mm for suction hole diameter at a constant speed of conveyor belt 2,4 m/min. These parameters provided the basis for design and performance improvement of the tray vegetable seeding mechanism.

Development of F1 cabbage hybrids is concerned to difficulties of artificial pollination, low ability to developovary leading to low seed productivity in parental lines. The aim of the study is to improve the seed productivity of self-pollinated parental line 3/14C for F1 cabbage hybrid ‘Krasotka’. Secondary plant metabolites such as steroid glycosides can help overcome these difficulties and increase the seed productivity (Blandinskaya et al., 2013). 3/14C-line was propagated by backcrossing flowers in bud stage with artificial self-pollination, using water solutions of steroid glycosides ‘Moldstim’ and ‘Melongozid’ (in concentrations 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001%). Seed productivity was evaluated according to methods that were elaborated earlier (Bukharov A.F. et al., 2011, 2013). It was established that all parameters of seed formation and development were increased significantly under treatment of steroid glycosides ‘Moldstim’ and ‘Melongozid’ in mentioned concentration. Differences were significant at the 5%-level of significance. Concentration of 0.001% was more effective than other both preparations. These preparations stimulated all phases of seed development. Number of fruits was increased by 16-39%, a number of seeds per one the pod was also increased by 17-38%, mass of 1000 seeds was increased by 9-12%. Thus, the seed productivity of parental line 3/14C F1cabbage hybrid named ‘Krasotka’ was increased by 44 to 105% as result of the action of steroid glycosides. Thus, ‘Moldstim’ and ‘Melongozid’ in concentration of 0.001% can be recommend as physiological stimulators to improve seed productivity in parental lines necessary for development of F1 cabbage hybrids.

Silicon is biologically important element that is necessary not only for plant, but for all living organisms. Silicon was discovered in all plant organs, where its much quantity accumulates in plan cell walls of leaf and root, giving them a mechanical durability and resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. Earlier, it was supposed that the silicon was absorbed by plants in form of monosilicic acid and then being deposited as phytoliths or accumulated in epidermal plant cells. Moreover the silicon is not only a basic structural element, but it controls many biological and chemical processes. Water soluble monosilicic acid enters into reaction with metals, organic compounds, showing properties of weak acid. Gels of silicic acid can be a catalyst and a matrix, on which the inner cellular synthesis of organic compounds occurs. In the present study the method to determinate three forms of silicon in plants, such as free, easily hydrolyzed and tightly combined is given. Thus, the part of silicon, 0.5-0.7% was observed in protein preparation of leaves of amaranth. Protein was divided into two fractions, albumins and globulins by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. After that each protein fraction was divided into two by Sephadex, where one of which come out in inner volume of gel, and second one come out in outer volume of gel (G-75). The gel distribution into fractions was of the same type characteristics. The tightly combined silicon was absent in high molecular fraction of albumins and globulins. Most of the silicon was discovered in high molecular fraction of globulins, where 80% of the element was represented by an easily hydrolyzed form. The silicon combined with proteins apparently is in a form of orthosilicic ester of hydroxy-amino acids; however it cannot be excluded that there is the formation of SiN bonds with free amino groups. Biophile silicon is a part of plant silicon (organogenic), which is basically in the form of orthosilicic esters bonded with proteins, phospholipids and pectins that are the plant components being assimilated primarily by human’s organism. In our opinion, this fraction of silicon as a microelement should be taken into account in evaluation of nutritional, forage and pharmaceutical values of plant raw material.

Purpose. Conducting economic evaluations of late varie­ties of white cabbage of various sort types bred by Kyiv experimental station of the Institute of Vegetables and Melons NAAS of Ukraine (IVM). Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. Experimental studies included phenological observations of plants growth and development, biometric measurements of vegetative and edible parts of plants, determination of biochemical сomposition of heads, records of yield and storability of late varieties of white cabbage of such sort types as Amager and Langedijska winter. Varieties with the highest yield, best biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month periods were identified. Conclusions. Among the cabbage samples of Amager sort types, late variety Vasylyna was characterized by the highest yields. Olga variety provided the significant increase in productivity. Violanta variety had the highest yield within the sort type Langedijska (Langendijker) winter. Knyagynіa variety far exceed indices of standard Langendijker detsema. Late varieties of the first sort type produced the highest yield, the second ones demonstrated better biochemical composition and excellent storability of cabbage heads during four and six month period.

The article outlines the direction of breeding of cabbage for the south of Russia, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. The breeding achievements are presented: F1 hybrids of different time of ripening, promising inbred lines with high combining ability. An effective method of seed production of F1 hybrids is proposed.

The key development stages and results of breeding and seed production of cole crops in VNIISSOK are shown. The main directions of breeding and seed production of cole crops in modern times are determined.

The resistance of breeding verities of cabbage to Plasmodiophora brassicae on infection background in laboratory and field conditions of the Moscow region has been studied. Selected cabbage varieties resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae are used in breeding process.

Use of the growth chambers for cabbage breeding allows the reducing of certain stages of the breeding process and the growing biennial varieties of cabbage in a one-year cycle. In these growth chambers, the nutritional conditions, temperature, and lighting of plants are under control; the open pollination is eliminated.

The present study deals with the effects of exogenous application of cinnamic acid (CA) on growth and metabolism in growing seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) in hydroponic culture. CA was added at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM concentrations. CA has shown inhibitory effects on shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. CA significantly decreased the photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase activity and protein content. Graded concentrations of CA increased lipid peroxidation and sugar content. The increasing concentrations of CA significantly increased the antioxidative enzyme activities viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase against the oxidative stress caused by CA.

The challenges concerning the development of cabbage seed management and production in Russia are to be resolved by combined approaches in order to fully supply the vegetable market and population with home-selected varieties and heterosis hybrids.

The problem of enriching bakery products with dried plant ingredients is considered in the paper. Cabbage powder, obtained by drying with the mixed heat supply is selected as raw material for enriching the chemical composition of bread. Functional and technological properties of dried cabbage such as organoleptic properties, dispersion, water absorbing ability in different polar media are investigated. Predominant content of particles with dispersion 5...50 microns in powder is shown. High technological potential of the cabbage powder lies in restoring the structure when increasing the polar media temperature. The obtained data allowed to recommend using the cabbage powder directly in dough kneading or preliminary dehydration. Using sesame and flax seeds at excluding sugar and fat from the recipe is proposed to improve the nutritional value of bread with cabbage powder. Optimal dosing of plant raw materials was determined using the design program ''OPTIMA''. The influence of the specified ingredients on production and quality of bread is studied. Improved gas generation, reduced dough proofing time, increased porosity and shape-stability of finished products in comparison with the control sample are shown. Based on the studies, the recipe of "Lean" bread with cabbage powder, sesame and flax seeds is proposed. Excellent taste and compliance of physicochemical quality indicators of new products with existing regulations are shown. Chemical composition and energy value of "Lean" bread is calculated. Increased protein content is shown, fats are represented by unsaturated fatty acids. "Lean" bread has higher staling resistance by indicators of crumb swelling and crumbliness compared with the control sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developed technology, regulatory and technical documentation allowed to produce 3-5-kg packages of sterilized vegetables: potatoes, beets, carrots and cabbage, which are in great demand in the social nutrition (the army, schools, hospitals). The use of packaging for products of composite materials allows to reduce the amount of required storage space.