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The objective of the research is to analyze the legal regulation in the transplantology field at the present stage in Ukraine. To address identified challenges, the author investigates the foreign countries experience and suggests ways of improving certain mechanism for legal regulation in the field of organ transplantation and anatomical materials. The empiric material of the study included a wide range of legal instruments regulating this sphere of legal relationships, information regarding the problems of their application, statistics, expert analysis of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. Methodological mechanism of current research includes such methods: systematic, logical and formal, structural-functional, comparative. The research found that the most world's successful model for the organization of transplantation is in Spain. Additionally, the criteria for the reception of such a model are singled out as well as certain aspects of their application in Ukraine are analyzed. Particularly, the most important criteria are: universal and general territorial proliferation of national health systems; relevant economic resources (special attention is paid to the fact that transplantation is not a medicine of luxury, and an adequate compensation to hospitals for transplantation operations should serve as a main economic aspect); an adequate and necessary number of doctors and nurses; the availability of advanced technical options for medical mechanical ventilation (air conditioning of dead bodies). The research led to the following overall findings. Due to the rapid development of medical and biological sciences, there is an urgent need on further investigation of legal, moral and ethical, general medical aspects of transplantation with subsequent proposals for improving legislation in the field of human organs transplantation and other anatomical materials. At the same time, development of appropriate legislation by complex groups of cross-disciplinary specialists and experts (in medicine, biology, law and bioethics) is the key to legal regulation effectiveness.