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Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of different stages of clot formation and its lysis in patients with different COVID-19 severity. Materials and methods. We prospectively included 58 patients with COVID-19 (39 patients with moderate disease severity and 18 patients with severe disease) and 47 healthy volunteers as a control group. All participants underwent the assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery, impedance aggregometry, rotational thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics. Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) quantification was also performed in patients with COVID-19. Measurements were repeated on the 3rd and 9th day of hospitalization. Results. Compared to the control group, patients with COVID-19 showed reduced values of platelet aggregation and greater values of the clot growth rate, as well as its size and density. On the first day of hospitalization, we found no differences in the activity of plasma hemostasis and endogenous fibrinolysis between subgroups of patients. With the progression of the disease, the growth rate and size of the clot were higher in the severe subgroup, even despite higher doses of anticoagulants in this subgroup. An increase in platelet aggregation was noted during the progression of the disease, especially in the severe subgroup. There were no differences in the results of the FMD test by subgroups of patients. The vWF:Ag level was significantly higher in the severe subgroup. Conclusion. Thus, plasma hemostasis followed by secondary platelet activation correlates with the severity of COVID-19. Patients with moderate to severe coronavirus infection have predominantly local rather than generalized endothelial dysfunction.

Pelvic pain syndrome associated with adenomyosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age. Frequency of detection in the population varies from 10 to 53%. The aim - to study the clinical and anamnestic risk factors of pelvic pain, with adenomiose. Materials and methods. The study included 120 (n=120) patients with diffuse adenomyosis with pain and painless form of the disease who underwent examination and treatment in the gynecological Department of the Central clinical hospital №6 of Russian Railways in Moscow. Each patient was provided with an individual card, which was encrypted 171 sign. The studied parameters reflected the passport and anthropometric data, information about education, social status, presence of occupational hazards, complaints, illness. Results. Burdened gynecological and somatic histories, manifested a low health index, a more pronounced hereditary a family history of neoplastic diseases are contributing factors, and high prevalence of postponed surgeries, chronic, long-term ongoing inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs to create a favorable background for the further progression of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in adenomiose.

Pelvic Inflammatory diseases (PID) is one of the most pressing and debated issues of modern gynecology. A special place is devoted to the study of the microflora of female genital mutilation, where there are many unresolved issues. This review presented the modern data of domestic and foreign researches of microbiota of female genital mutilation in inflammatory diseases.

The task of unified maps generation for various type locomotive safety and control devices proves to be an extremely crucial one. Its solution will lead to better traffic safety conditions and lesser electronic maps preparation costs. Railway infrastructure spatial data system (KSPD IZhT), containing coordinates of all the track objects in a high-precision coordinate system as obtained through processing of the mobile laser scanning outcomes, opens up new map generation opportunities. Information represents the total of track objects’ reflection points coordinated in three-dimentional space, evaluated within the sub-centimeter accuracy and annotated with photos, thus allowing to identify all the railway objects significant in the context of railway traffic safety provisions. The paper describes semi-automatic data origination process supporting electronic map montages generation procedure of operating domains. The presented automated generation procedures of unified electronic maps intended for various-type locomotive safety devices contribute to better productivity and unambiguity, elimination of subjective factor and consolidation of information updating process.

The study included 155 women of reproductive age with extended forms of genital endometriosis. The developed algorithm of treatment has improved the reproduction health after treatment this disease.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common serious infection of nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Goals of the therapy must include the resolution of clinical signs, the eradication of pathogens from genital tract and the prevention of sequelae primarily including the development of chronic inflammation. The paper deals with the currennt problems and contraversial issues of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. This review presents the results of domestic and foreign studies, and the own view of the issue, the prospects and possible solutions.

В последние годы во всем мире отмечается тенденция к увеличению числа пациенток пожилого и старческого возраста с пролапсом гениталий, у которых не всегда своевременно и правильно решается вопрос о хирургической реабилитации.К настоящему времени известны свыше 300 способов хирургической коррекции этой патологии (в том числе с применением лапароскопической техники), что, с одной стороны, свидетельствует об актуальности проблемы, а с другой - о недостаточной эффективности хирургических методик и высокой частоте рецидивов заболевания. Рецидивы развиваются практически у каждой третьей больной в течение ближайших 3 лет после операции, в связи с чем поиск оптимальных хирургических методик лечения пролапса гениталий у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста является предметом продолжающихся исследований. Для изучения ближайших и отдаленных результатов хирургического лечения пролапса гениталий у женщин пожилого и старческого возраста было обследовано 253 пациентки, в возрасте от 67 до 92 лет, средний возраст составил 74,7±2,3 года. Выполняемые описанные операции под спинальной или перидуральной анестезией у пациенток пожилого и старческого возраста с пролапсом гениталий продолжают оставаться основными, а минимальное количество осложнений и рецидивов можно рассматривать как наиболее оптимизированный подход к лечению данной категории больных.

The article presents the results of treatment of 155 patients with BPH aged 48-65 years, who received conservative treatment for this disease. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with BPH and erectile dysfunction (ED), who underwent conservative treatment (5alpha-reductase inhibitors in combination with alpha1-adrenoblocker) and phosphodiesterase inhibitor (tadalafil 20 mg) on demand. Group 2 consisted of patients with prostatic adenoma and ED, who received only conservative therapy. Group 3 consisted of BPH patients without ED, who received only conservative therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using patient self-assessment questionnaire. I-PSS score was used for the assessment of symptoms of the disease, for assessment of sexual function--AMS questionnaire for the age-related symptoms in men (specific section), short BSFI questionnaire, and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Questionnaire survey was performed before treatment and 3, 6 and 9 months after therapy. Analysis of the results showed that there were significant impairments of sexual function in BPH. The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitor against the background of conservative therapy improves erectile function, and reduces the intensity of urination disorders.

The effect of the antioxidant ionol on a humoral immune response was studied in experimental influenza. With preventive introduction of ionol, the affinity of anti-influenza G antibodies circulating in the blood stream was shown to be decreased as compared to that in control animals. The changes in the affinity during influenza infection were cyclic and less marked in the group of animals receiving ionol. The administration of the antioxidant substantially reduced the detection rate of specific blood immune complexes and contributed to the production of antibody-forming cells. The findings suggest that ionol has a favourable effect on a humoral immune response in experimental influenza and alleviates the course of an infectious process.

The authors made a comparative analysis of the contribution to the outcome of the disease by realization of information of viral genome and host responses in the time-course of simulated lethal and nonlethal mice influenza. They studied the effect of ionol, pathogenetic antioxidant, prevention and depicted absolutely new features of the diseases severity and outlined possible points of effective drug application. The suggested scheme of the time-course measurement of viral involvement of the host body and the formation of its responses could be recommended in the study of mechanisms of the viral infection development and the activity of antiviral agents.

The authors presented the results of population study of specific IgG-antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the pool of mice splenocytes performed in the time-course of simulated influenza with the help of experimental mathematical approach which permitted making a detailed observation of the functional structure of the population and analysing the changes in the spectrum of the AFC subpopulations in the time-course of viral disease. Mathematical simulation of the main stage of immunopointed identification of AFC on +nitrocellulose filters (NCF) permitted the verification of the ratio between the characteristic features of the spots on the NCF and the number and affinity of cell-secreting IgG antibodies. New data are obtained on the formation of the population of +virus-specific IgG-AFC which are featured by discreteness of the AFC +affinity ++ spectrum, cyclic changes in their activity and shifts in the stages of the AFC subpopulation activity. The authors substantiated the necessity to revise the existing theoretical models of the formation of humoral immune response to viral infections.

The paper presents the findings on the functional activity of specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the time-course of the primary influenza infection in mice. The concept of AFC functional activity is validated. Studying of the AFC population in the pool of splenocytes based on the analysis of functional activity permitted one to make a detailed description of specific AFC, and make a series of conclusions of the technique of AFC identification, reveal the changes in the structure of the virus-specific AFC population under the influenza infection which are not related to their quantity. Principle difference was revealed in the time-course of AFC functional activity in various patterns of influenza. Continuous changes in the AFC structure were observed during the whole period of observation.

Cerebral and peripheral plethysmograms were studied in the early postoperative period in 76 patients with supratentorial tumors. Their simultaneous recording, appraisal of the pronounced character of the pulse, respiratory, and irregular oscillations and waves of the 3rd order, their changes in dynamics make it possible to judge the state of cerebral circulation and draw prognostic conclusions. The character of correlation of cerebral and peripheral plethysmograms, particularly in the synchronism and direction of the waves of the 3rd order, attests to the intactness of disorders of autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow.

The results of surgical interventions conducted with haemodilution in 31 patients with brain tumours permit to conclude that in comparison with the routine transfusion methods (25 cases) this technique has several advantages in terms of correction of the disorders in the electrolyte and protein composition of the blood, and maintenance of these parameters on a safe level during the postoperative period. A beneficial effect of this method upon the circulating blood volume and on its rheological properties was observed, which improved the conditions of microcirculation.

Humoral immunity in murine experimental influenza was specified using experimental mathematical modelling intended for further systemic analysis of dynamics of immunological processes. The methodology of the proposed approach was based on the choice of affinity as an indicator of the function of specific antibodies, and on the concept of discrete functional structure of the immune system. The data were obtained by calculating affinity and antibody heterogeneity indices and by evaluating the distribution of functions by affinity. The successions of active antibody subpopulations with affinities varying in the course of infection and the presence in the plasma of protein fractions capable of low-affinity binding with influenza virus in non-infected animals were demonstrated. The relationship between the detected plasma protein populations and corresponding antibody-producing cells was confirmed. The mathematical modelling results were verified by physicochemical and immunochemical methods. The mechanisms by which the observed phenomena may be realized were considered from the viewpoint of the current theory of immunity.

The article overviews the literature and original research data on the ways to increase the informative value of assessed parameters of the humoral immune response to viral disease formation. The need to analyse the heterogeneity of specific IgG class antibodies by their affinity index and to determine the level of circulating specific immune complexes is discussed. It is demonstrated that the value of the humoral immunity studies in influenza-virus infection may be significantly increased by investigating not only the accumulation of circulating immunoglobulins of various classes but the antibody affinity within its class and by assessing the proportions of circulating and immune-complex-bound antibodies. This allows for considering the humoral immunity as a constituent of the interrelated and interdependent immunity mechanism complex.