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In order to assess the radioecological situation created in the area of the location of diversified uranium mining enterprise "Priargunsky Production Mining and Chemical Association" (PIMCU) there was investigated the radioactivity of a number of the compartments of environment, both at the industrial site and beyond it, as well as the volume activity of radon inside the ground and working premises. Radioecological situation in the vicinity of the uranium mines was performed in comparison with the background (fixed reference, control) district, where there is no uranium mining. Performed studies have shown the significant excess content of 226Ra, 232Th, 210Pb, 222Rn in soil, water open water bodies and local foods near uranium mines compared to areas outside the zone of influence of uranium mining that allows to make a conclusion about the significant technogenic pollution of local areas of the plant and adjoining territory.

Modern data determining drinking water supply crisis in Russia have been considered. The probability of influence of drinking water quality used by population on current negative demographic indices was shown. The necessity of taking into account interests of public health care in the process of formation of water management decisions was grounded. To achieve this goal the application of medical ecological interdisciplinary approach was proposed Its use is mostly effective in construction of goal-directed medical ecological sections for territorial schemes of the rational use and protection of water resources. Stages of the elaboration of these sections, providing the basing of evaluation and prognostic medical and environmental constructions on similar engineering studies of related disciplinary areas (hydrological, hydrogeological, hydrobiological, hydrochemical, environmental, socio-economic, technical and technological) were determined.

The paper attracts the attention of sanitarians and scientific society to the soil hygiene issues that are, in the author's opinion, inadequately covered in both on-going studies and teaching. Based on long-term investigations, the author proposes approaches to forming the strategy for sanitary soil protection, including comprehensive waste control.

The clinical and ethnic characteristics of patients with discirculatory encephalopathy in separate regions of The Republic Sakha (Yakutia) were studied. The analysis of risk factors has shown that the leading reasons of vascular defeat of a brain in all surveyed patients were the atherosclerosis and an arterial hypertension. However, in the patients living in Northern areas of The Republic Sakha (Yakutia) where the ecological situation has remained better, these risk factors were present less often. Clinical symptoms of discirculatory encephalopathy, as well as numerous subjective and clinical displays, have been most expressed in the patients living in Viljujsky region of the Republic, adverse ecologically.

This review introduces long-term study findings on ecological and radiation induced regime of the water reservoir - lake Kyzyl-Tash (R-2) - used as a heat sink of nuclear-power reactors in the Southern Urals from 1948 through 2008. It was exhibited that water reservoir exploitation by the nuclear fuel cycle facility "Mayak" PA resulted in hydrological, thermal, hydrochemical and radiological ecosystem regimes changes. The central radioactive substances depot in the water reservoir was determined to be the upper 20-30 cm bed silt layers, contamination density of which in 1980-1990s amounted on average approximately 0.2 PBq/km2 (about 5 kKu/km2). Some regularities of radionuclide distribution in bed sediments and biota were ascertained. Dose estimates from ionizing exposure to fish inhabited the water reservoir were experimentally made. Dose contribution was mainly due to incorporated beta-emitters amounted up to 2-3 Gy/y in 1980s. The leading role in the reservoir life belonged to phytoplankton with its algal nuisance periodicity constituting 5-6 years for blue-green and diatomic algae, and 2-3 years for green algae. During periods of the highest development pressure phytoplankton productive capacity in the reservoir was by an order of magnitude greater compared to control water reservoirs of the region. Combined long-term impact of radiological and chemical factors did not cause irreversible changes either in fish populations or ecological system in general. It can be proved by the fact that during 1970-1980s the water reservoir R-2 was inhabited by such cleanness indicators as crawfish (Astacus leptodactylus) and shellfish (Anodonta cygnea L.). On reducing of thermal and chemical pressure in the end of 1980s some processes observed gave evidence of ecosystem restoration in the lake Kyzyl-Tash. At the present moment the situation of the water reservoir exploiting as a heat sink is stabilized with preserved self-cleaning capacity.

The authors presented results of ecologic and hygienic studies conducted in Kolsky nuclear power station area (Murmansk region). The studies found a trend to accumulation of summarized specific radioactivity and radionuclides of various origin in natural objects (woody plants, snow). Threshold concentrations of radionuclides in the studied objects appeared to be within the limits of normal radiation background.

Between age diseases two are standing out: oncological and cardiovascular ones. They give a main contribution to mortality of the population. Those who avoid these diseases have a chance to live longer. The author suggests a hypothesis of one common factor, which deviation leads to oncology or cardiovascular illness. Such factor is a production of nitric oxide in the organism, which depends on the geomagnetic activity (GMA). At excess production of nitric oxide the risk of oncopathology (breast cancer, bladder and lung cancer and others) is increased. At low NO level in blood the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. The ability of the organism to utilize the excess level of NO depends on GMA inside the womb period. The production of nitric oxide in the organism goes by different ways, including NO-synthase activity and destruction of neutrophiles, which depends on the GMA and sun activity.

The data of the monitoring of the birth defects of the neural tube for 1985-2007 years from Crimean Republic Medical Genetic Center has been analyzed. The group of comparison: 127 cases of the neural tube defects The control group: 127 cases of birth of healthy children closest by the time and place of birth (for each case from comparison group). By the method of superposed epochs the weekly values of the heliogeophysical indices (Ap index of geomagnetic activity, Wolf Numbers--index of Solar activity, interplanetary magnetic field polarity) during the gametogenesis and embryo period of prenatal development The statistical significance of the values of heliogeophysical indices in the comparison and control groups was calculated using the statistical Wilcoxon criterion for the independent groups. It was founded that during 12-18 days of embryogenesis embryos with neural tube defects the increased geomagnetic activity is probable, comparing with the control group. Since the forming of the major part of the neural tube defects takes place during 2-3 weeks of embryo growth, the increase of geomagnetic activity during or before this stage may be one of the ecological risk factors for this pathology.