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Low-intensive laser radiation used by topical, intravenous, and transendoscopic routes was employed in the complex antituberculosis therapy of 120 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (n = 48), diabetes mellitus (n = 20 patients), gastrointestinal diseases (n = 45). The results of treatment were compared with the parameters of 62 patients with the similar clinical and X-ray characteristics of a tuberculosis process and concomitant diseases. It was ascertained that laser therapy might enhance the efficiency of treatment of patients with concurrent abnormality statistically significantly, by reducing the time of bacterial isolation, closure of decay cavities in the lung tissue, hospital treatment and by accelerating the onset of stable remission of concomitant diseases.

To examine the impact of low-intensive laser radiation (LILR) on endocrine function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the time course of blood levels of thyroid hormones, cortisol, and insulin was studied in 117 patients of whom 64 received complex treatment by using LILR. Pulmonary tuberculosis was ascertained to be characterized by a marked hormonal imbalance, including impaired metabolism of thyroid hormones, hypercorticism, altered pancreatic incretion, which negatively affects the efficiency of antituberculosis therapy. Intravenous and epicutaneous therapy promotes recovery of endocrine responsiveness and enhances the efficiency of treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

The experiment on 140 albino mice examined the relationship between the pulmonary thermogenesis and the functional activity of the hypophyseal-thyroid system at different stages of pulmonary tuberculous inflammation development, during Staphylococcus-induced pneumonia, aseptic inflammation in lung tissue. Deep abnormalities of the heat-generating function of the lung were revealed just at the early periods of specific inflammation. The degree of hypothermal reactions of lung tissue correlated with the inhibition of hypophyseal-thyroidal function at all developmental stages of a tuberculous process. The changes were rather pronounced, stable and phasic. Spontaneous regression of the tuberculous process was not accompanied by recovery in the activity of the hypophyseal-thyroidal system, despite the fact that there was a clear-cut trend to normalization of pulmonary thermogenesis.

The performance of the insular system of the pancreatic gland was studied in 111 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who suffered from diabetes mellitus as were the functions of thyroid and pituitary-adrenal glands assessed by the blood content of C-peptide, T3, T4, TTH, ACTH and circadian excretion of 17-OCS. It was stated that the combined pathology was accompanied with pronounced endocrine disorders, pancreatic incretory function was found to be depended both on the pattern and severity of diabetes mellitus course and clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis. In combined disease high frequency of absolute and relative insufficiency of hypophyseal adrenocortical performance and adrenal glucocorticoid performance occurs. Revealed disorders were found to be depended on the clinical patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis and the type of diabetes mellitus as well as on the duration and severity of the course of both conditions. Combined pathology was frequently (60%) accompanied with the development of hypothyrosis manifested by the reduction of T3 content in the blood serum, imbalance of thyroid hormones (elevation of T4 to T3 ratio). The disorders mentioned were mostly manifest in patients with severe course of the combined pathology. Hypothyrosis aggravated a therapeutic prognosis for tuberculosis in diabetic patients. The treatment of both conditions performed with regard to the character of endocrine disorders was of great aid in reaching the improvement in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis in 92.8%.

Serum C-peptide levels were studied in 88 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with diabetes mellitus. The pancreatic incretory function in combined pathology was found to be related both to the type and severity of diabetes mellitus and the severity of tuberculosis. Specific and medicamental intoxication negatively affects residual insulin secretion and the body's insulin-sensitivity. High functional capacity of B-cells of the pancreas and insulin resistance in noninsulin dependent diabetes, on the one hand, and rapid depletion of the insular apparatus in serious chronic tuberculosis, on the other, made it possible to recommend combined hypoglycemic therapy with insulin and oral sugar-lowering drugs to patients with a prolonged severe course of each of the diseases (pulmonary tuberculosis and Type II diabetes) in their combination.