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The authors studied two patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in whom the repeated examination did not find specific of LEMS P/Q type voltage-gates calcium channel autoantibodies. The results of clinical testing and electrophysiological examination showed the typical character of movement disorders with the absence of tendon reflexes and signs of disautonomia as well as a decrease in M-response amplitude and phenomena of decrement with low frequency- and increment with high frequency stimulation. Both patients revealed no signs of paraneoplastic process. Autoimmune character of the damage was confirmed by the effectiveness of treatment with glucocorticoid hormones.

The results of treatment of patients, operated on for extended peritonitis in reactive and toxic phases, presenting with prominent gastrointestinal paresis, using the impulse stimulation of their peristalsis and early enteral nutrition under guidance of electrogastroenterography, are analyzed. The method is simple in application, it may be used in surgical and reanimation stationaries of any level, it has not the current restrictions and special contraindications.

The study was designed to elucidate the informative value of chronaximetry for the quantitative assessment of denervation-induced defects of m. soleus in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Conditions are clarified under which chronaximetric measurements disagree with the position of the IT hyperbola; this discrepancy lowers substantially the informative value of these characteristics as a measure of the degree of manifestation of diabetic neuropathy. The value of chronaximetry for this purpose is markedly surpassed by that of the position of the vertex of IT hyperbola. Two approaches are proposed to the simplified and exact calculation of the position of the vertex of IT hyperbola. The length of the excitation pulse obtained by these methods (CRP6 and TGT parameters) may be used, similar to chronaximetric measurements, both for the evaluation of neuropathic changes and for the choice of optimal electrostimulation technique.

The paper considers the history, the state-of-the-art, and prospects for development of electrostimulation and appropriate equipment. The results of Russian studies and developments in this field are presented.

Kinetic electropuncture diagnosis (CASKED) is the advancement of Voll's method and is characterized by a basically new procedure to apply an electrical signal to the acupuncture points (AP). This method records and analyzes not only the amplitude of AP potential, but its temporal kinetics (in the range up to 100 seconds), he characteristic times of kinetic changes are used as diagnostic signs. CASKED makes it possible to make a direct diagnosis by taking into account the localization and characteristic features of a pathological process and to access changes in a patient's condition during treatment.

The paper explains the causes of incorrect sphygmogram recording and describes the physical principle of a pulse wave recording device, its designing and technical features. Evidence is given for the advantages of pneumatic pressing over mechanic one, thereby enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of pulse wave recording. Trials have indicated that the use of the proposed device needs much less time for making pulse diagnosis.

Treatment of neuritis of nervus medianus goes on much faster if biocontrolled regimen of laser therapy synchronization with blood rhythms of the patient is introduced. Estimation of the nervus conductivity recovery rate and muscular contractility was based on the data obtained at broadened electrodiagnosis with sinusoidal modulated currents.

A new model of electroenterogastrograph has been designed. Besides of amplification it can divide the total bioelectrical activity into several flows, and distinguish potentials specific to the certain organ or its part. Each flow is depicted on a separate channel of the electroenterogastrograph. It makes it possible to increase the diagnostical value of the method. It is necessary to learn specific parameters of potentials of the organs to be tested. To register electrogastrogram it is necessary to use frequencies of 0.04-0.07 Hz; electroduodenograms 0.18-0.22 Hz, etc.

Work-up of 120 patients with peripheral facial paresis included evaluation of spontaneous and reflex lacrimal secretion, electrogustometry, impedance, tonal and supraliminal tonal audiometry. Symptom complexes for different by severity nerve lesions are specified. In patients with basilar skull fractures 3 types of postdenervation syndromes were observed: atropine salivary paradox, paradoxical facial hyperemia, crocodile tears. A scheme of topical diagnosis is presented.

The study deals with the development of new diagnostic and therapeutical methods for deep spinal marrow diseases in spinal tuberculosis and its sequelae. The human spinal marrow has been first electroneurophysiologically studied during compression of the spine and ofter its anterolateral decompression. A comprehensive diagnostic technique--computed electrospinoneurography has been proposed; objective criteria for prediction and evaluation of therapeutical efficiency have been defined. The proposed epidural electrostimulation following a surgery for anterolateral decompression of the spine accelerates regression of neurological symptoms and increases the extent of its regression in 89.2% of cases in the early postoperative period and enhances the efficacy of prior operations up to 83.9% in the long-term period. The high efficiency of the method is 87.1%, which allows it to be recommended for introduction into clinical practice.

The authors discuss the results of long-term follow-up, clinical and paraclinical examination, including electropolysomnography, of a female patient with a rare neurological syndrome, paroxysmal dystonia. The disease runs with frequent episodes of dyskinesia during slow-wave sleep. Diagnostic and treatment issues are also covered.

The results of early diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in 329 children were analysed, causes of diagnostic errors and late hospitalization studied. A comparative assessment of diagnostic potentialities of liquid crystal termography (142 cases), osteotonometry and cytologic of a punctate of medullar cavity (89), osteomedullography (65), intraosseous thermometry (75) and roentgenography of the bones. Use of liquid crystal thermography permitted to establish location and spreading of the inflammatory process in a bone at the first day of the disease, to control the effectiveness of treatment, to predict its course and outcome.

There are two major variants of nerve trunk disease progression: demyelinating and axonal-axial. The authors have developed a significant and rapid diagnostic procedure to differentiate the type of nerve trunk affection based on simultaneous assessment of two parameters (immunological and electroneuromyographic) carrying out correlations between them. The immunological investigation included measurement of the serum autoantibodies to galactocerebrosides titer.

Sixty patients with lesions of the facial nerve were examined. Electroexcitability of the mimic muscles was determined. The obtained data allow to predict the state of the function of mimic muscles and institute adequate electrostimulating therapy of corresponding intensity and duration.

Investigations were made to examine vegetovascular disorders in patients with inherited and acquired neuropathies (regional vegetative innervation, peripheral circulation and the thermal status of the limbs). Comprehensive, pathogenetically based treatment methods were developed. Using clinico-neurological, thermography, rheovasography and electrothermography research methods the following alterations were revealed in the autonomic areas of innervation of affected nerves: the signs of vegetovascular irritation; the signs of vegetovascular depression; a phenomenon of thermovision "amputation". Bearing in mind the diagnostic data, the patients were given differentiated pathogenetic therapy including physiotherapy and vegetotropic drugs.

To specify correlations between neuromuscular, vegetative functions and CSF dynamics in patients with primary arterial hypotension, 22 young patients were examined with the aid of stimulation electroneuromyography, registration of evoked sympathetic cutaneous potential, echoencephalography and electrothermometry. The data obtained before and after antiorthostatic test were compared. A group of healthy subjects served as control. It has been shown that in patients with primary arterial hypotension with compensated neurological microsymptomatology, unpronounced under common conditions, there are well-defined signs of disorders in the work of neuromuscular structures, vegetative fibers, and in thermoregulation. These disorders undergo different changes under the influence of the antiorthostatic test and are accompanied in the majority of the patients by the enlargement of the ventricular system of the brain. It is assumed that in view of this fact, potentialities of adaptation are decreased in the disease in question. It is recommended that electroneuromyography and echoencephalography be used in an all-round estimation of the health status of patients suffering from primary arterial hypotension.

The possibility of complex electrophysiological diagnosis of frontal sinusitides using ultrasonic location, thermography, rheoencephalography was investigated. It is recommended to use this approach in combination with traditional methods. Data about the diagnostic value of individual electrophysiological tests are presented in relation to different forms of frontal sinusitides. A procedure for predicting rhinosinusogenic intracranial complications based on the study of the blood-brain barrier and cerebral circulation is presented.

The article contains the electrodiagnostic data on 26 auricular points in 24 fluorosis-affected patients. It was established that the greatest electrical polarity asymmetry was found in points 13, 25, 28, 31, 54, 37, 39 and 40. Palpation of the auricular and corporal points also showed unfavorable conditions in the respective painful point of the organ. Basing on the results of the acupuncture procedures, needle therapies of 80 occupational fluorosis cases were performed. The therapeutic patterns elaborated by the author were also proposed, which proved perfect results at different stages of the disease.

The authors propose to use hyperbaric oxygenation followed by muscle electrostimulation for rehabilitation after nervous diseases and injuries. This combination of procedures proceeds from reduced thresholds of muscle electric excitability evident from the strength-duration curve upon hyperbaric oxygenation.

The monitoring of the use of anabolic hormones in patients with progressive Duchenne's muscular dystrophy was shown to be possible with the help of the clinical analysis of the patients' motor possibilities, electroneuromyographic examination and determination of the time-course of the urinary excretion of catecholamines and DOPA.

The authors compared the results of the treatment in patients with the neurologic manifestations of lumbar osteochondritis using vibrotraction with and without electrostimulation and in control patients treated without vibrotraction and electrostimulation. The electroneuromyographic examinations showed the best normalization of the electroneuromyographic parameters in patients receiving a multimodality treatment including the employment of medicamentous means of physiotherapy and also vibrotraction and electrostimulation. The use of the multimodality treatment reduced the period of the patients' work fitness recovery to a greater degree than other methods of therapy.

The authors report of an electropolygraphical study of 111 patients with different forms of neurotical sleep disorders. For therapeutical purposes different pharmacological methods (Ca cyclobarbital, eunoctin, elenium, difenisid) and psychotherapeutical (hypnosuggestion, autogenic training) treatment was used. The achieved data permit to conclude that there is an increased activity of the awakening and activizing systems in patients with neurotic disorders of sleep. A decrease of the activating changes evoked under the influence of pharmacological and psychotherapeutical methods is accompanied by an improvement of the objective indices and as a rule correlates with a subjective personal feeling of sleep by the patient. The authors studied the optimal conditions for using different methods of treatment and based their principles for a differentiated therapy of different disorders of sleep in neuroses.

An electrophysiologic functional study of the atrial conductive structure, the atrioventricular junction, the His-Purkinje system in 33 patients with second-stage chronic alcoholism showed impaired cardiac conduction through the atrioventricular node and, less commonly, the His-Purkinje system, to be the principal manifestation of alcoholic heart damage.

The electron neuromyography (ENMG) and clinical data were studied in 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis during an exacerbation and remission. The pathologically changed ENMG data disagreed with subjective and clinical improvement seen during the remission. The patients' condition out of rheumatoid arthritis exacerbation is considered as a syndrome of unstable adaptation. Frequent exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis are supposed to depend on unstability of the adaptation mechanisms during a remission.

Using combined clinical-electroneuromyographic examinations of 161 patients with varicose or postthrombotic veins, the changes in the nervous system related to chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities were studied. The following neurologic syndromes secondary to regional hemodynamic disorders were identified: polyneuropathic, mononeuropathic, lumbar-sacral radiculitis. Neurologic disorders were found to be correlated with the degree of the chronic venous insufficiency decompensation. The results of clinical observations are supported by the electroneuromyographic evidence. The authors discuss the pathogenetic significance of peripheral nervous system impairments in the development and the course of the syndrome of chronic venous insufficiency as well as therapeutic measures aimed at the prevention and management of neurologic disorders.

On the basis of clinical, electrophysiological, psychologic and vegetative parameters, the authors treated 66 patients with vegetovascular crises of neurotic nature using acupuncture, beta-adrenoblockers, psychotropic means and a combination of beta-adrenoblockers with psychotropic drugs. Acupuncture led to changes in all the aforegoing parameters. Psychotropic therapy reduced activating influences, predominantly in the "ascending" direction, anaprilin led to the maximum inhibition of the vegetative component of the crisis. With all methods of treatment emotional-personality alterations showed the greatest degree of normalization. This confirms the correctness of the term "psycho-vegetative" syndrome which emphasizes the leading role of mental disorders in the genesis of vegetovascular dystonia in neurotic patients.

Static disorders elicited by the adequate methods of the assessment of equilibrium (stabilography) and gait (plantography) in hereditary ataxias have been analyzed. These techniques of examination make it possible to quantitatively estimate motor disorders, supplement clinical findings and provide an opportunity for objective evaluation of the efficacy of the conducted therapy.

The diagnostic effectiveness of electroneuromyography in nervous and neuromuscular diseases at various periods of childhood is analyzed. The electroneuromyographic characteristics of the "floppy child" syndrome, natal traumatic humeral plexitis, syndromes of the strio-pallidar system affection and neuromuscular diseases are presented with reference to age.