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Personalized treatment is one of the basic principles of modern medicine. When administering a treatment, one should consider individual patient characteristics, comorbidities and, what is most important, the prevailing symptoms, as well as the clinical phenotype of a disease. This is directly related to chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSP), which occurs with underlying most prevalent joint and vertebral disorders. At present, MSP is considered to be an independent clinical syndrome.Predominant mechanisms of MSP pathophysiology allow for determination of its special phenotypes: “inflammatory”, “mechanical”, related to enthesopathy and central sensitization. Treatment strategies for MSP phenotypes should obviously be differentiated and based on a tailored and pathophysiologically sound of medical agents and non-medical measures with different mechanisms of pharmacological effects. Effective treatment of the “inflammatory” phenotype requires the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical glucocorticoids, disease modifying anti-inflammatory agents. The “mechanical” phenotype necessitates the correction of biomechanical abnormalities, the use of hyaluronic acid containing agents, whereas the “enthesopathic” phenotype is treated with local therapy. Treatment of the phenotype with central sensitization is performed with agents effective for neuropathic pain (anticonvulsants, anti-depressants).

Objective: to reveal the characteristic symptoms and syndromes of early-stage psoriatic arthritis (ePsA), which are pivotal to its early diagnosis. Patients and methods. Fifty-one patients with a PsA duration of less than 2 years (mean 12 months) were examined. The diagnosis of PsA was established on the basis of the conventional CASPAR criteria and the Russian criteria developed by the expert method. The conventional current criteria, including the number of tender and swollen joints, DAS28, values of acute-phase indicators, were used to detect inflammatory activity. Skin syndrome was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). X-ray study of the hands, distal and proximal feet, pelvis, and other involved joints and MRI of the distal hands/feet were performed. The Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) and reduced GUESS were used to assess enthesopathy. Results. The types of articular syndrome in ePsA were identified in accordance of the duration of the disease. The authors determined the characteristic features of arthritis, spondylitis, enthesitis, and dactylitis, their diagnostic value and associations with other manifestations in the first 2 years of PsA. There was a relationship of dermatitis and psoriatic onychopathy to the clinical picture of articular syndrome. Conclusion. ePsA is characterized by marked heterogeneity of articular syndrome with predominantly mono/oligoarthritic and polyarthritic articular syndrome. The significant signs are enthesitis and dactylitis, which serve as risk factors for the unfavorable course of the disease.

Purpose: to study the efficiency of extracorporal shock-wave therapy and the affected area orthopedic relief for treating pain syndrome associated with enthesopathies in patients with articular hypermobility syndrome.75 patients with enthesopathies of various localizations and diagnosed articular hypermobility were observed in 2008-2011, their age varying from 35 to 55 years (median age: 37.5±0.4 years). The treatment mode was out-patient, with a shockwave device PIEZOSON-100 (manufacturer: RICHARD WOLF). The clinical observation was done straight after the 5th session of extracorporal shock-wave therapy, and then 3 and 6 months after. The treatment efficiency was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Besides, the whole course of treatment included protective regimen, as well as elbow or ankle-joint orthoses.The positive outcomes obtained after treating the pain syndrome associated with limb enthesopathies serve evidence to the efficiency of extracorporal shock-wave therapy, which, in case of articular hypermobility syndrome present as well, should be combined with an orthopedic relief for the affected limb area.