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The article deals with the features of the evaluation of changes in functional state during the professional activity of operators. We estimated the dynamics of the functional state and efficiency of operatorsunder the effect of aircraft noise and individual psychophysiological characteristics. We also investigated changes in the functional state of operators depending on their psychological characteristics. It was found that changes in the functional state of the organism in operators with high level of anxiety, low degree of extroversion and high emotional lability were more pronounced in the modeling of operator activity with exposure to aircraft noise, as evidenced by significant changes in psychophysiological parameters. After 60 minutes of noise stress, the latent period of a simple and a complex sensorimotor reaction in introverts increased by 9.1% (p < 0.05) and 8.1% (p < 0.05), respectively. In the group of subjects with high level of anxiety, there were a decrease in the general state, activity and mood by 18.9% (p < 0.01), 20.9 and 14.9% (p < 0.05), respectively, and a decrease in the accuracy of reaction to a.moving object by 3 times (p < 0.05). The latent period of simple sensorimotor reaction in emotionally labile subjects after the exercise was increased by 15% (p < 0.05), and the reaction time on a moving object was increased by 8:9% (p < 0.05) as compared with the group of emotionally stable sub- jects. Thus, the data suggest that changes in the functional state of operators depend on the level of extroversion, personal anxiety and emotional lability and do not depend on'the level of behavioral regulation, which must be taken into considerationduring the assessment of functional state.

Dopamine neurotransmissin is thought to play a relevant role in behavioral reinforcement system. Polymorphism of the genes involved in dopamine system has been reported for association with psychological traits related to impulsive and sensation seeking behaviors. The study was aimed at a search for association of catechol-O-metyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene polymorphism with personality traits in Russian population. A sample comprised 130 subjects. It was found that carriers of the Met/Met COMT genotype had higher scores of novelty seeking as compared to those with the Val/Val and Met/Met genotypes. The association was observed in women only. In the presence of the C allele of the DRD4 gene, females with the Met/Met genotype demonstrated higher scores on extraversion and hypomania. The results are consistent with the current theoretical concepts on the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the brain.

The influence of transcranial electrostimulation was studied in medical students considering their adaptation response type (training, activation, stress), reactivity level, psycho-physiological and vegetative status. The transcranial electrostimulation was effective in subjects with the adaptation response involving training and activation, and had no effect when stress was combined with vagotonic prevalence. The transcranial electrostimulation assists to improvement of the students' psycho-physiological indexes and to increase of their reactivity level.

The dynamics of nociception was studied in young male volunteer students with different indices of extraversion and neurotism under conditions of their relative psychoemotional rests and psychoemotional tension induced by academic exams and blood-donation procedures. The averaged somatosensory potentials evoked by threshold electrodermal pain stimuli were recorded in the state of rest and during performance of computer-adapted proof-reading test. In ambivalent, sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic persons the mean values of nociception thresholds differed between testing situations and rest. Processual motivation diminished pain perception. Characteristics of the evoked responses changed depending on the individual typological properties and motivation-determined states. The dynamics of pain subjective evaluation was different in subjects with different individual typological characteristics.

Individual neurophysiological and psychophysiological characteristics were analyzed in two groups of subjects with different extraversion and genetically determined levels of cortical activity during learning the novel for them monotonous computer operation. Most of the subjects improved their performance to the end of four-hour work. The degree of visual fatigue correlated with changes in P70 component of the evoked potentials. The intergroup difference was revealed in overcoming the visual discomfort during attention concentration. The visual cortex was facilitated in the introverts with high-voltage cortical activity (1st group) and disfacilitated in the extraverts with the low-voltage cortical activity (2nd group). Increase of the simple motor reaction time in the extraverts is considered as a result of temporary impairment of the visual function during the monotonous operator's work, and the worsening of the emotional condition as a consequence of the visual discomfort. The problems are discussed concerning different adaptation mechanisms in realization of the activity under study depending on the genetically determined features of the CNS.

40 schizophrenic patients, their 40 healthy relatives as well as 40 healthy control individuals without any hereditary predisposition to mental disease were examined by means of H. Eysenck questionnaire according to Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie scale. Schizophrenic patients had higher ratings on the Neuroticism scale while their relatives were more extraverted as compared with controls. Both the patients and their relatives had higher ratings on the Lie scale. Genetic mathematical analysis revealed that the hereditary contribution to determination of these signs did not exceed 4%. It was suggested that personal peculiarities have influence on the realization of hereditary predisposition and that the very peculiarities may be transformed under the influence of either this predisposition or disease.

It is shown that suboccipital injection of 100 micrograms of the gexapeptide GLLDLK (the fragment of endogenous peptide--the inhibitor of diazepam binding) modified (for 1-3 days) the emotionally conditioned behaviour of the rats (the test of "emotional resonance"). This modification was realized in some reinforcement of different behavioural patterns and had signs of anxiety and depression. In the test "social hierarchy" the injection of GLLDLK didn't change significantly the hierarchy in the whole rat society, but in the recipient behaviour the exploratory activity has been changed, the time of grooming increased and the quantity of social contacts decreased.

In order to study the time-course of depressive neurosis, the author followed up 51 women living under the conditions of a prolonged psychotraumatic situation (the presence in the family of a child with infantile cerebral paralysis). Two variants of depressive disturbances formation closely associated with the premorbid characteristics of the patients' personality have been identified. It was shown that with passing years the neurotic disturbances led to a clinically homogeneous neurotic development of depressive nature. The author outlines the mechanism of the time-course of the given type of borderline disturbances, proceding from neurotic depressive reactions to depressive neurosis and further to a specific development of the personality.

A total of 202 patients with coronary heart disease and 115 patients with hypertension were examined to study their specific and frustration characteristics. Isenk's questionnaire and Rosentsveig's test were used. In CHD and postinfarction cardiosclerosis extraversion prevailed, in hypertension intraversion was more common. The indicator of neuroticism was high among all the patients under study. The choleric temperament prevailed in angina pectoris. Choleric and melancholic peculiarities were typical of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and hypertension. Extrapunitive reactions were clearly revealed by Rosenzweig's test in all the study groups.

Psychoemotional strain caused by the anticipation of surgical intervention with premedication exhibited greater anxiety levels (detected by means of Spielberger test) in extraverts as compared to introverts. This coincided with an elevated RR interval variability and, in extraverts, more pronounced alterations in ECG T-wave amplitude.

Elaboration of conditioned avoidance of artificial (increase of illumination and presentation of a sound) and zoosocial (cry of pain) aversive stimuli reveals rats with stable individual behavioural properties comparable to parameters of H. Eysenck's typology: extra-introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.

Results of experiments on animals with ablation of different parts of the brain and analysis of published data suggest that the neurophysiological basis of temperaments, according to Hippocrates, of nervous system types, according to Pavlov, and of extra-introversion consists in individual peculiarities of interaction of four structures: the frontal neocortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the hypothalamus. Pathological disturbance of this interaction produces the basic varieties of neuroses: hysteria, neurasthenia, psychasthenia and obsessive states. The significance is discussed of individual features of sets and hierarchy of basal human needs: material-biological, social, ideal (with their variants: retention and development, "for oneself" and "for others") needs of overcoming (will) and of "fitness" - for the formation of individuality.

Males with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 35 to 60 years were studied. The patients were divided into three groups: 32 patients with angina of effort and at rest (test group I), 39 survivors of myocardial infarction (test group II) and 50 clinically healthy people (control group). The relationship was established between a certain behavioural complex of CHD patients and some exogenic risk factors. The study was aimed at elucidating the premorbid characteristics of the personality of CHD patients. Individuals with the variable type of orientation were predominant in both test groups. The data from Eisenk's questionnaire revealed the predominance of extraverts in group I and introverts in group II. It is suggested that the variable character may prove to be the premorbid, basic property of the personality determining the specific mechanism of psychologic adaptation and the entire complex of behavioural characteristics of CHD patients.

The authors report of some results of an experimentalpathopsychological study of 100 patients with hysterical forms of psychopathy and the syndrome of psychophysical infantilism. It was demonstrated that there is an irregular intellectual development (according to Wecksler's method) which is described by the authors in the form of a characteristic "intellectual profile" and a high level of claims with inadequate reactions of selection, a high assessment of physical and psychic "I", with a low evaluation of the "situational I". The achieved personality characteristics are closely connected with abnormal behaviour and asocial actions of the patients.