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The reactivity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of macrophages infected by bacteria, characterized by intraphagosomal (Staphylococcus aureus) and intracytoplasmatic (Listeria monocytogenes) localization in the phagocyte has been investigated. The correlation analysis revealed links between indices of the activity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of infected macrophages.

The engraftment of a skin sheet together with transplantation of dermal equivalent was studied on rats. The skin sheet was taken as a source of epithelization material in unhealing wound. The process of wound healing was evaluated by changes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity levels in wound fluid. It was shown that results of skin sheet transplantation could be predicted by monitoring of wound fluid MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity levels. It was determined that skin sheet engraftment appeared at medium values of wound fluid MMP-2 and MMP-9, and transplanted skin sheet was lysed at high and low values.

One of the problems in wound treatment optimization is the necessity of an effective and objective method of laboratory wound process monitoring. In present study the current wound process was estimated by changes in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the wound fluid. An original model was used in this work to study correlation of morphological structure of the wound with the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in wound fluid at various types of wound process. Protein fractions of the coelomic liquid from regenerating sea star Asterias rubens were used as the substances changing the wound process. The correlation of wound process with MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in wound fluid was revealed on the basis of correlation analysis.

The influence of burn fluid and its matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on Balb/3T3 cells was studied. The influence of burn fluid was assessed by morphology and specific functional activities of cells characteristic of the healing process--proliferation, monolayer contraction and migration of cells in wound model. The presence of burn fluid in cultivating medium accelerated cell proliferation by 2.5 times compared to normal conditions, promoted fibroblast monolayer contraction, and accelerated cell migration on the wound surface, thus stimulating cell functions necessary for successful heating. This effect is partly due to MMPs. The burn fluid contains, presumably, some additional factors not inhibited by specific MMP inhibitors EDTA and 1,10-phenantrolin. These factors may stimulate migration and proliferation of cells. The presence of 1-2% burn fluid is sufficient for enhancing cell proliferation.

The dynamics of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), as well as of fibronectin concentration in wound and burn fluids was traced. The wound fluid proteolytic activity was studied by gelatin zymography method. The data on degradation of fibronectin and various laminin isoforms by wound fluid proteases show that laminin-1, laminin-2/4 and fibronectin were degraded by wound fluid into small fragments. Remodelling of extracellular matrix proteins occurs. Dynamics of MMP-2 and MMP-9 content in wound or burn fluids as well as that of adhesive protein fibronectin content could be used as a base for development of method of controlling the extracellular matrix remodelling process.

Examining the activity of adenosine deaminase in the pleural fluids of 69 patients with tuberculous pleurisy of various etiology from the clinics of Armenia indicated that it was greater than the threshold value of 20 U/L in 95.7 of 47 patients with tuberculous pleurisy. The specificity of this parameter for this disease was 0.91. The prognostic value of the test with positive and negative results was 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The diagnostic value of the ADA test was 0.94.

The experimental model of a cutaneous wound in mice has been offered, aimed to study the proteolytic activity of the wound fluid produced at early stages of wound healing, and to examine the continuous inflammatory state. The presence of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the wound fluid matrix was found to correlate with the existence of neutrophils and macrophages in the tissue.

The most common causes of omental sac collections (OSC) are necrotic pancreatitis (90%) and pancreatic trauma (10%). Acute OSC is a form of local peritonitis in acute pancreatitis, subacute OSC are caused by internal pancreatic fistulas. The clinical and radiological signs, enzymatic activity of the exudate, morphological features of peritonitis were investigated. Treatment of acute OSC included conservative measures, of subacute OSC-surgical procedures.

The authors describe the method of control of the course of an early wound process in patients with endoprosthesis of the hip joint in early postoperative period, which is based on determination of the level of lysozyme in the wound. The method allows detection of the development of suppuration and start of antibacterial therapy in the early postoperative period, before the appearance of the clinical symptoms.

A diagnostic value of pleural fluid alkaline phosphatase (AP) for transudate and exudate differentiation is shown. AP below and above 0.5 mumol/(ml.h) are characteristic of transudate and exudate, respectively.

Cytochemical investigations of plain aseptic wounds simulated in 110 Wistar rats revealed a clear-cut dependence between the variations in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases in neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes of the blood and wound exudate and the stage of the healing process. Elevated activity of the blood alkaline phosphatase correlated with the term of inflammation phase.

Changes in the activity of blood neutrophil and wound exudate myeloperoxidase (MP) have been studied cytophotometrically on the models of aseptic and infected experimental wounds in 220 male Wistar rats on the 1st-10th, 12th and 15th day after wounding. It has been established that changes in MP activity reflect the nature and stages of the pathological process and the animals' reaction to it. MP activity is significantly higher in animals with infected wounds, which indicates the intensity and duration of the inflammatory process and is of prognostic value.

The time course of the activity of 5-nucleotidase of peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) was studied on mice. Regression models of in time changes in the activity of PEM 5-nucleotidase after intraperitoneal administration of 2 immunostimulators: salmosan and blastolysine were constructed by the results of the study. Within the experimentally chosen periods of the study the time changes in the enzyme activity after administration of either salmosan or blastolysine could be adequately approximated by linear regression. The models enabled predicting the enzyme activity levels at various moments within wide ranges after administration of the immunostimulators. Moreover, it is recommended that the regression models of changes in 5-nucleotidase activity after intraperitoneal administration of the immunostimulators be used for quantitative comparison of their efficacy.

Suppuration of the hemithorax cavity and bronchial fistulas complicate considerably the postoperative period in patients who underwent removal of the lung for tuberculosis. Study of the dynamics of changes of the glycosaminoglycan content, activity of hyaluronidase, trypsin-like proteinases, and elastolytic activity in the postoperative exudate allows the development of purulent complications in the cavity of the postoperative hemithorax to be detected earlier and corrected in time.

On the basis of the experiences with diagnostic punctures of the abdominal cavity in 91 patients with suspected acute pancreatitis and errors in diagnosis of the disease by data of examination of the exudate, the author recommends as necessary a bacterioscopic examination of the peritoneal exudate and determination of the ammonia level in it.

Inflammation of rat hypodermic tissue was accompanied by an increase in activity of lysosomal glycosidases beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase in the proliferating tissue and in some other preparations studied. Activation of lactate dehydrogenase/LDH/in exudate of inflamed tissues indicated apparently that the rate of redox reactions was elevated under conditions of the tissue proliferation. Decrease of creatine phosphokinase activity in blood plasma of experimental animals, which occurred simultaneously with the LDH activation, enabled to suggest the presence of compensatory mechanisms responsible for energy providing of the tissue proliferation.

UDPG-glycogen transferase existed mainly as D-form, depending on glucose-6-phosphate, and in minority as E-form in leukocytes of exudate of rabbits with diabetes and of control animals. The total enzymatic activity as well as the activity of D-form were almost the same both in leukocytes under diabetes and in control. The E-form activity accounted for 18% of the total enzymatic activity in leukocytes of diabetic rabbits and for 14% in leukocytes of control animals. Preliminary incubation of leukocyte homogenates at 37 degrees for 30 min led to decrease in the relation between the enzyme forms both in control rabbits and in animals with diabetes.

Specific proteolytic and antitryptic activities were measured in the sinus exudate of 27 patients with chronic suppurative maxillary sinusitis. Most patients showed a shift in the proteinase-inhibitor system with proteolytic activity being predominant. In the course of treatment antitryptic activity in the exudate increased. It was found that biochemical data were correlated with clinical manifestations. It is concluded that patients with the above pathology should be prescribed proteolytic enzymes on an individual basis and that natural proteinase inhibitors should be included into the combined therapy.