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The purpose of the work is the modeling in the experiment of guided regeneration of bone tissue with the use of osteoplastic materials Bioplast and Cerabone with the subsequent morphological study of their influence on the course of osteoreparation. The experimental-morphological part of the work was performed on 90 mature rats of the Wistar line. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups. In the first group (30 rats), the osteoplastic material Bioplast-Dent was used; in the second group (30 rats), the osteoplastic material Cerabone was used. The third (30 rats) group was the control group. A defect in the bone region was formed in rats, a titanium screw (BT1-00) was implanted, then the bone defects were filled with osteoplastic material. In the control group, the osteoplastic material was not used. The animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation under ether anesthesia in 30, 60 and 90 days. For morphological examination the resection of the central part of the femur shaft was carried out, including a defect site with a regenerator and a titanium screw. Each studied case was subjected to a microscopy survey in which the general character of the bone structure was assessed, as well as the presence or absence of changes and their nature in the zone of implant and osteoplastic material, as well as in dependent bone areas. The result of the comparative morphological study of xenogeneic osteoplastic materials Bioplast-Dent and Cerabone resulted in the recommended use of one of the materials in this implantation technique. Regeneration time of bone structures and qualitative characteristics of the newly formed bone did not differ fundamentally, however, when using Bioplast-Dent material, osteoreparation proceeded more actively and with more optimal morphological characteristics; there were no inflammatory changes, rejections or allergic reactions in response to implantation at all stages of the experiment.

Objective: To develop a program for the prediction and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee joints., Material and Methods: For the period 2012-2017. 155 patients were examined in the traumatology departments of the Municipal Hospital No.4. This group of patients was hospitalized with various intraarticular lesions of the knee joints. Patients with injuries to the condyles of the femur were 54, with fractures of the proximal metaepiphysis of the tibia of different severity, 101 patients were examined. All the patients in the study group underwent a special questionnaire with a view to a detailed study of the risk factors for post-traumatic gonarthrosis, as well as studies of the possible effect of genetic components (ribosomal gene activity) in the pathogenesis of the disease. All patients in the study group were divided into three groups, posttraumatic gonarthrosis, based on prognostically valuable factors: the first group (low risk), the second group (probable development of the disease), the third group (in soky risk). A follow-up examination of patients, to assess the development of a disease, was performed 1 and 3 years after the operation., Results: No patients were diagnosed with osteoarthritis in the first group of clinical and new X-ray signs after a year of examination. In the second and third groups there was an appearance of initial radiographic signs in 9.6 and 16% of patients, respectively, in the absence of a significant clinical picture of osteoarthritis. Two years later, the development and progression of osteoarthritis in the groups was observed in 14.7, 36.8 and 68% cases, respectively, with clinical manifestations of the disease. Three years later, the number of patients with post-traumatic arthrosis in the first group practically did not change (17.9%), and in the second and third groups the development of gonarthrosis occurred almost in all cases., Conclusion: Intra-articular fractures of the condyles of the femoral and tibia bones, with the most 'favorable' prognosis, lead to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee joint in 14.7%, with a probable prognosis, osteoarthritis developed in 47.6% of cases, and with unfavorable prognosis.

This article was designed to report the results of forensic medical, criminalistics, and comprehensive expertise of the subject who suffered from a non-perforating shotgun wound affecting the soft tissues and blood vessels in the femoral region. It was shown that only the scrutinous comprehensive full-scale expert examination of the injured site in the framework of forensic medical expertise makes it possible to exclude the probability of the expert error and formulate the reliable and substantiated conclusion as regards the fact and the conditions of the shotgun injury by a concrete type of the cartridge (e.g. having a caliber equal to 410/76 Stopper-2) with two spherical rubber bullets fired from a known weapon (Saiga-410S hunting carbine).

The aim of the study was to assess the interaction of of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) with bone matrix and cells and its impact on the process of bone generation. The survey was conducted on animal model: critical hipbone defect was created in 12 230-250 g Wister rats. The animals were then divided in two groups. In group 1 (6 animals) defect was left to heal under blood clot and in group 2 (6 animals) it was filled with OCP. Three animals with no defect served as a control group. It was showed significant (p<0.05) increase of the area of the newly formed bone tissue and its direct correlation with duration of observation.

The dynamics of biodegradation of "CollapAn" osteoplastic material was studied after its implantation into the defect of the femoral diaphysis in 30 rats. Computed tomographic analysis of the healing of bone defects was conducted with the determination of the optical density of bone tissue in Hounsfield units. Since Day 30 of the experiment, the appearance and further progress of the radiographic signs of bone tissue neoformation and maturation were noted exactly along the contours of osteoplastic material, together with the gradual disappearance of the defect from the side of bone cortical layer and simultaneous increase of the optical density of the intermediary and endosteal part of the regenerate. At Day 120, regenerate optical density exceeded the absolute optical density of the parent bone; simultaneously, during this period no full recovery of the original shape of the bone took place, while parent bone rarefication was identified during all the periods of observation.

Possibilities of clinical application of a three dimensional osteoprogenitoral transplant (TDOPT), background of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MCK), were studied for treatment of the extremity bone defects. Twelve patients were included in the investigation, in whom the defects of brachial, femoral, tibial and the heel bones were revealed. In 8 patients a cicatricial-ulcerative defects of soft tissues were present over the bone defects. TDOPT in a kind of "chips" were applied in tangential bone defects, while in full defects they were applied in a kind of blocks. For substitution of the soft tissue defects the fascio-cutaneous and muscular flaps on pedicles were used. Possibility of the TDOPT application in the treatment of the bone tissue defects and their high efficacy were substantiated.

The objective of the present work was to study the differences between the morphological features of the wounds in the long tubular bones inflicted by joinery hand saws designed for longitudinal and transverse, sawing. The experimental injuries to the femoral bones were inflicted by the recurring and reciprocating saw movements. The hand saws had 5 mm high "sharp" and "blunt"-tipped teeth. A total of 40 experiments were carried out. It was shown that the sawcuts across the femoral bones and their edges have different size, shape, and morphological characteristics (defects, ledges, projections, bright spots) depending on the type of the saw, the sharpness of its teeth, and the mode of sawing. The results of the study may be used to improve diagnostics of injuries to the long tubular bones inflicted by different types of joinery saws.

The main aspects of investigations devoted to forensic medical characteristic of sawed injuries inflicted to the long tubular bones by a power jigsaw are considered. The mathematical model has been developed making it possible to determine the frequency of backward and forward movements of the jigsaw blade from the morphological features of the injuries to long tubular bones of man and to estimate the sawing rate for the further identification of the instrument of crime.

Actual problems of using intramedullary blocked osteosynthesis for open fractures of the shinbones and femoral bones in patients with combined injuries are considered. The most optimal terms of operative treatment were established depending on the severity of the injuries by ISS scale and on classification of injuries of the soft tissues by Gastillo-Andersen. The schemes of antibacterial prophylactics of infectious complications are proposed both during operation and at the postoperative period. Under consideration are the questions of intraoperative boring of the bone marrow canal of the shinbones and femoral bones in severe combined injuries.

The purpose of this investigation was to comparatively analyze the results of traditional X-ray study and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in traumatic knee injuries. The comparative analysis could reveal diagnostic errors in more than 54% of cases. The early use of MRI to diagnose intraarticular fractures of the distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella favors the right choice of a surgical treatment policy.

Computed tomography was used to study the X-ray morphological characteristics of femoral and humoral bone cysts and the course of a reparative process after surgery in 23 patients with varying activity of solitary bone cysts. Treatment using transosseous osteosynthesis, intraosseous armoring, and therapeutic and diagnostic punctures in patients with solitary bone cysts could yield the most active osteoproductive effect and cause a considerable increase in the density of cyst contents in active and activity-losing stages, which was most evident around the intraosseous wires. Patients with late-stage cysts were found to have an osteogenic effect, mainly in an area of osteotomy.

We studied low frequency ultrasound effects on lipid peroxidation in the liver and erythrocytes of rabbits with experimental posttraumatic osteoarthrosis induced by transchondrial damage of the medial condyle of the right femoral bone (2 mm in diameter and 1 cm in depth in the direction of the medullar canal). Prior to treatment, rabbits with experimental osteoarthrosis had enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver and erythrocytes. Ultrasound normalizes the above disorders in lipid peroxidation.

Disturbance of femur diaphysis compact substance was induced experimentally in rabbits. In the course of the operation single administration of crystalline chimotripsin into the wound was performed and its influence on bony structures regeneration was studied. Methods of light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that reparative processes started earlier and were more active than that in control. This promotes regenerate formation and complete healing of bone defect. Intramuscular administration of proteolytic enzyme does not exert essential influence on bone regeneration.

Time course of healing of standard osseous defects by introduction of polyacrylamide gel (PAG)-based materials was studied in rat experiments. PAG did not prevent the formation of soft-tissue and osseous regenerate in bone defects. Addition of hydroxyapatite, bactericidal agent, and lysozyme to PAG-based composition led in some cases to development of chronic inflammation and giant-cell reaction in osseous wound and to inhibition of the reparative processes.

Experiments with 118 rats revealed a reduction of fluorine levels in the jaw and the symmetrical femoral bone in reduced metabolism due to hypodynamia, elevated metabolism due to femoral bone injury, and in combination exposure. These findings should be borne in mind when prescribing fluorine.

It was established in acute experiments on dogs and rabbits that craniocerebral trauma does not lead to the development of torpid shock. In combination of craniocerebral trauma with severe mechanical injury to the thigh or acute massive extracranial blood loss a typical torpid shock develops with death of the animals in the immediate hours. Infusion therapy relieves shock but fails to prevent the development of brain edema. Intravenous injections of procaine hydrochloride have a positive effect in craniocerebral trauma and shock. It is concluded that craniocerebral trauma does not disturb the mechanisms of shock formation and the process takes a course independently of the process of brain edema development.

New data on micromorphological signs of fracture of long tubular bones in normal distribution and transformation of deforming forces are presented. Fractographic signs of bone for each destructive stage, signs of repeated trauma are singled out. Interrelationship between bone microstructure and conditions of its destruction is stated.

In an experiment with 52 dogs (2 experimental series) there were studied, by means of a roentgeno-densito-planimetric method, changes of bone substance in the process of the upper half of tibia defect compensation with the aid of transplant, displaced within the defect, and distraction regenerate, formed therewith. The data obtained indicated that formation and mineralization of new bone substance have been accompanied by intensification of the transplanted bone osteoporosis. Osteoporosis manifestation has been determined by an amount of newly formed bone substance and increased with the increase of the distraction regenerate size. Osteoporosis manifestation decreased with application of large bone transplant that allows to preserve in greater degree the transplanted bone strength in the process of restructuring.

The authors make an analysis of treatment of 87 patients with closed unstable fractures of diaphysis of the femoral bone with the application of their two devices for immersional and extrafocal osteosynthesis. In all 87 patients consolidation of the fracture was achieved. Results of the treatment were recognized as good in 84 patients (96.6%) and as satisfactory in 3 patients (3.4%).

Specific features of diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the cotyloid cavity were analyzed in 105 patients with associated and multiple traumas. Measures for the reestablishment of congruency of the articulation may be used when permitted by the general state of the patient determined first of all by the severity of the trauma.