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For the first time, generalized data on parasites of two subspecies of arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus pallasi and Th. a. mertensi) from the largest salmon rivers of the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea, as the Taui, Yama and Gizhiga, are presented. In total, 39 species of parasites are found including 38 helminth species belonging to 26 genera, 19 families, 5 classes and 3 types (Plathelminthes, Nemathelminthes, and Acanthocephales), and 1 parasitic copepod (Crustacea; Arthropoda). Among the flatworms, trematodes have the highest species diversity — 19 species belonged to 8 genera of 6 families, and cestodes are presented by 6 species (6 genera of 5 families). Nematodes are presented by 8 species (8 genera of 5 families), and acanthocephalans — by 5 species (4 genera, 3 families, 2 classes). The graylings parasites are distributed with 2 ecological groups: the freshwater parasites including 29 species (4 cestodes, 16 trematodes, 5 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans, and 1 copepod) and the marine parasites including 10 species (2 cestodes, 3 trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans). Th. a. mertensi from the Taui River basin is distinguished by the highest diversity of parasites (32 species), their high diversity is observed for the same species from the Gizhiga (20 species), and for Th. a. pallasi from the Yama (24 species), as well. More than a half of helminths (22 species) are noted by medical and veterinary importance and/or are able to spoil organoleptic properties of the seafood.

The article presents the comparative analysis of the helminth fauna of the grass snake Natrix natrix and the dice snake Natrix tessellata, studied on four locations in the Samarskaya Luka National Park in 1996‒2011. We found that the parasite species diversity is higher in Natrix natrix. The helminth composition of Natrix tessellata was represented by a slightly depleted parasite fauna of Natrix natrix. Eighteen helminth species were found in Natrix natrix and 14 species were found in Natrix tessellata. Thirteen parasite species were scored in both studied species. Natrix natrix and N. tessellata inhabite similar habitats and have an average similarity degree of helminth composition. On the one hand, the revealed differences between the helminth fauna of Natrix natrix and N. tessellata are explained by the dietary preferences of the snake species. On the other hand, it is explained by the peculiarities of snakes' micro-habitats. The helminth fauna of Natrix natrix indicated their feeding mainly on tailless amphibians and by the fact that both snakes inhabit semi-aquatic locations in shallow water. The helminth composition of Natrix tessellata was caused by the consumption of fish and semi-aquatic inhabitation of this snake. The invasion of both reptiles by helminth species, scored in both studied snakess, varied on different locations. On some locations, Natrix tessellata was much more infected with parasitic worms. On other locations, Natrix natrix was more infected. This can be explained by the population size of intermediate hosts of the parasites on different locations, which were food objects of the reptiles. Natrix natrix was higher infected with trematodes. We found that Natrix tessellata was higher infected by the cestode Ophiotaenia europaea and the nematode Rhabdias fuscovenosa. The obtained parasitological data confirmed the partial trophic and spatial niche overlap of the two sympatric reptile species. The analysis of the helminth fauna of Natrix natrix and N. tessellata showed that there is a slight competition of reptiles for prey objects on locations studied in the Samarskaya Luka National Park.

Results of parasitological studies of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner et Kner, 1870 at the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea are presented. Its helminth fauna includes 21 species: Cestoda — 8, Trematoda — 7, Nematoda — 4, and Acanthocephala — 2. Almost all these species (19) were detected in the Shelikhov Bay, with the highest species diversity among 4 investigated sites in the secondary Perevolochny Bay (14 species). Six species of helminthes from the smelt dwelling in the northern Okhotsk Sea are known as dangerous for human or other mammals: Nybelinia surmenicola, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, Hysterothy­lacium aduncum, Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, and Corynosoma strumosum. The species diversity of helminthes at the northern coast is comparable with the number of species at the coasts of Kamchatka (16 species: Cestoda — 4, Trematoda — 5, Nematoda — 4, Acanthocephala — 3) and Sakhalin (19 species: Cestoda — 5, Trematoda — 8, Nematoda — 3, Acanthocephala — 3); totally 33 species of helminthes are detected in these three areas. The cestodes Diplocotile olrikii, Bothriocephalus spp., trematodes Bucephaloides iskaensis, Po­docotyle atomom, and P. reflexa and nematodes Ascorophis pacificus infect rainbow smelt at the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea only. The most epidemically significant species Anisakis simplex is widely distributed in all three areas.

Abstract. Aim. The aim is to analyze the fauna of buffalo helminths at the northern border of the European part of Russia, the extensiveness and intensity of cattle infection in pastures of different ecological types, environmental factors affecting the population size and the formation of the helminth faunistic complex of anthropogenic foci of bio and geo-helminthoses. Methods. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: helminthoscopy, ovarioscopy and larvoscopy; technique of complete helminthological dissection of animals and humans according to K.I. Scriabin; artificial acquisition of larvae, study of mollusks, oribatid mites, flotation, successive washing of faeces. Results. A study carried out for more than 40 years has shown that the fauna of buffalo helminths is represented by 44 species, where 5 of 15 biohelminthes are of the trematode class, 7 cestodes, 3 nematodes and 29 geo-helminths (nematodes). A rich species composition (25 species) is represented by Strongylata suborder, Railliet et Henry 1913. The complex of buffalo helminthes fauna is represented by a rich biodiversity of species (44 species) on lowland moist pastures and on coastal areas flooded with freshened waters of the western shores of the North Caucasus. The formation of the complex of buffalo helminthes fauna occurs in the second and third year on the above mentioned ecological types of pastures. Conclusion. Buffalo is infected by helminths with a prevalence rate (PR) of 0.8-42.1%, with an infection intensity (II) of 2-2040 specimens. Mixed foci of helminthiases are formed on all ecological types of pastures. This is due to the fact that 93.2% of parasites are specific for ruminants. Biodiversity of species, the formation of the complex of buffalo helminthes fauna depends on the impact of environmental factors. The complex of buffalo helminthes fauna on different types of ecological pastures is represented in mixed invasions from 3 to 14 species of pathogens.

Analysis of prevalence of nematosis in pigs in the Republic of Crimea is done. Research materials in technological slaughter animals have shown that in the intestine there are parasitic nematodes of four types (Ascaris, Trichuris, Metastrongylus, Strongylata) in the form of monoinvazion and in various combinations. Struck pigs intestinal nematodes was 54.24 %. Invasion of Trihuris suis was biggest among intestinal helminth infections of pigs (22.87%), of Ascaris suum infestation was 20.26%, Strongylata - 9.15%, Metastrongylus - 1.96%. Morphometric parameters of helminth eggs at different degrees of infestation intensity in mono- and mixed forms of helminthiasis were established in the program ImageJ (Wayne Rasband of Research Services Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health). During the studies it was noted that by increasing the intensity of infection the size of helminth eggs reduced: length by 1.05 times and the width by 1.04 times at Trichuris; 1.04 times - Ascaris length and 1.02 times - their width. For Strongylus eggs it is characterized a significant reduction in morphometric parameters: length by 1.83 times, the width - by 1.71 times. At a mixed invasion (Ascaris and Metastrongylus) it is revealed an antagonistic relationship, which manifest themselves in the form of increased morphometric parameters of eggs of Ascaris suum: length by 1.02 times, the width - by 1.07 times. Dimensions of eggs of Trichuris were reduced at mixed invasion with Ascaris suum (length by 1.06 times, width by 1.02), indicating the expression of partial antagonism. The data on the spread of nematodes in pigs in the territory of the Crimean peninsula and morphometric parameters of helminth eggs are important for therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at the elimination of helminth infections, and can also be used for diagnostic examinations of pigs.

Fauna of helminthes and feeding of pacific salmon (pink, chum, and coho) juveniles at the continental coast of the northern Okhotsk Sea are considered both for freshwater and early marine stages of their life. Possible conditions of the parasitic worms invasion are discussed. In total, 17 species of parasitic worms are found in salmon juveniles including cestodes (2 species), trematodes (8), nematodes (4), and acanthocephalans (3). The trematodes Brachyphallus crenatus and Pronoprymna petrowi have the highest values of infestation. The helminthes are mainly the representatives of freshwater ecological group (10 species are found in fresh waters and 8 species in estuaries), only 6 species represent the marine ecological group. One marine species ( Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum ) is found in estuarine coho juvenile and one freshwater species ( Diplostomum sp., met.) is found in marine coho juvenile.

Abstract Objective of research: to study the inactivation of eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and Diphyllobothrium latum in the water by the narrowband ultraviolet excimer lamp radiation 222 and 282 nm depending on the surface radiation dose. Materials and methods: Helminth eggs were detected by the Kato technique. The revealed eggs were flushed into a plastic container with the distilled water and exposed to UV. The inactivation of eggs was confirmed by the method of optical microscopy. Results and discussion: It was found that the recovery of helminth eggs from water was 40-70% more efficient by using UV radiation at 222 nm than at 282 nm. In addition, the surface radiation dose at 222 nm (up to 5 mJ/cm2) was one order less than at 282 nm (up to 100 mJ/cm2). Up to 30 % of the initial amount of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 282 nm surface radiation dose (up to 100 mJ/cm2). Up to 85 % of the initial quantity of Opisthorchis felineus eggs were inactivated at 222 nm radiation on the water surface (up to 5 mJ/cm2). Up to 56 % of Diphyllobothrium latum eggs were inactivated at the comparable 222 nm surface radiation dose. Due to the higher photon energy, the more intensive shortwave radiation at 222 nm breaks shells of Opisthorchis felineus eggs more effectively. We have a reason to suppose that some features of Diphyllobothrium latum egg shells make its inactivation at 222 nm less efficient in comparison with the inactivation of Opisthorchis felineus eggs at the same wavelength of radiation.

Background: Dirofilariasis is a rare helminthosis caused by nematode worms Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis. Larvae of dirofilaria are most frequently localized subconjunctivally and are easily diagnosed. Localization of the helminth deep in eyelid or orbital tissue usually leads to false diagnosis of neoplasm. Aim: To describe main symptoms of dirofilariasis of ocular adnexa and orbit and to assess treatment outcomes. Materials and methods: 43 patients with dirofilariasis (19 men, 24 women, age 25–83 years old) were included. Results: Clinical symptoms of dirofilariasis were related to helminth localization and toxicoallergic reaction to its metabolic by-products. In case of subconjunctival localization, mobile (in 11 patients) or dead (in 2 patients) parasites presented as a twisted white fiber with background conjunctival injection and chemosis. In 2 patients, mobile parasites were found under the eyelid skin. In patients with dirofilaria deep in eyelid tissues (in 7 patients) or in anterior portion of the orbit (20 patients), painless mass attached to subjacent tissues was detected. Migration of the helminth was associated with exacerbated clinical symptoms: eyelid edema, eyelid skin hyperemia and increased exophthalm. After several days, eyelid and orbital edema resolved, and a new localization of helminth-induced granuloma was determined. Extraction of parasite and granuloma resulted in full recovery in all patients, no medical treatment was required. Conclusion: Dirofilariasis should be regarded as one more possible cause of orbital inflammation or mass. The only method of treatment of dirofilariasis is extraction of parasite and/or helminth-induced granuloma.

There were isolated 190 kinds of bacteria related to genus enterobacteria, kind of Escherichia. These isolated kinds were researched for having some facts of pathogenicity hemaglutinating ability as by D–mannosy, as by its absence, hematlogic ability, resistance to antibacterial prepirations. As a resalt were apparented that the more of strains have got traitsof pathogenisity and multiple resistance to antibiotics.

Helminths are wide spread among agricultural animals. They bring huge damage to stockbreeding decreasing of production, and in some case bring out ruin of animals. The preparation using against, helminth are disturbing bacterial flora of stomatic and intestinal track of animals.

Helminthes are wide spread among agricultural animals on the Chechen Republic territory. They bring to productivity decreasing of stockbreeding, and in some cases they lead to the death of animals.

Sheeping is the oldest and most important part of the agriculture of the Chechen Republic. It’s necessary to pay great attention to diseases and especially helminthes to solve the problems of sheep development along with the actions for forage reserving and sheep breeding. The helminthoses are wide spread among agricultural animals. They cause productivity decrease and in some cases even fatal death of animals.

In connection with close contacts synanthropic birds with home on the one hand and wild with another, has shown that specified group is a source of the issue invasion to home and dick.