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The 2009 policy of the Indonesian football league management, mandating that football clubs competing in the 2009-2010 Indonesian Super League must be legal entities, resulted in the transformation of several clubs that maintained amateur status. Amateur associations, funded through the regional budget regulated by the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 13 of 2006, revised to Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 59 of 2007, underwent this transition. One notable example of an amateur association evolving into a professional club is Persib Bandung, which established a legal entity in the form of a Limited Liability Company (PT) known as PT Persib Bandung Bermartabat (PT PBB). A professional measure taken by PT PBB involved entering into contracts with individual players. One clause stipulated in these contracts pertained to image rights, the management of which was held by PT PBB, with players entitled to royalties for the use of their image rights. This research examines and analyzes image rights from the perspective of Intellectual Property Rights as a component of property law within the civil law concept. The study utilizes a qualitative analysis with a normative legal approach. The research concludes that the image rights referred to in the contracts of Persib Bandung players constitute objects eligible for the protection of intellectual property rights, specifically copyright and trademark rights.

The publication of a scientific article is an obligation for members of the academic community within higher education institutions. On the other hand, a scientific article represents the intellectual output of its author, who, in this context, cannot independently publish it in a scientific journal. Therefore, authors transfer their copyright to the journal publisher as a means of relinquishing certain exclusive rights, specifically related to publication, reproduction, and distribution. These three elements constitute the economic rights of the author, which they exclusively possess as the creator. According to Article 16, Paragraph (1) of Law Number 28 of 2014 on copyright, copyright is recognized as an intangible movable property, which implies that it can be partially or wholly transferred to third parties. Typically, the transfer of copyright pertains to the economic rights of the author (i.e., publication, reproduction, and distribution), rather than the moral rights of the author. Copyright law stipulates that such transfers should be executed through written agreements. In practice, copyright transfers are often accomplished through a statement of copyright transfer by the author to the journal publisher, who becomes the copyright holder. However, Article 16, Paragraph (2) of Law Number 28 of 2014 on copyright does not specify that copyright can be transferred using a statement of copyright transfer. The use of a statement of transfer can be observed in the context of a copyright transfer form, which typically carries the title "Copyright Transfer Agreement." This article aims to examine the legal aspects of such agreements from the perspective of contract law and the norms governing copyright transfers as defined by the law. If the term "written agreement" in the law does not encompass a statement of copyright transfer, this article suggests that authors and journal publishers consider using the term "Copyright Transfer Agreement" rather than "Statement of Copyright Transfer" when drafting these documents.