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Purpose: To improve the treatment of adenoviral lesions of the eye based on express diagnostics by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and the use of modern drugs., Material and Methods: The study included 184 patients (333 eyes) with various manifestations of adenoviral lesions of the ocular surface, who were divided into two groups: group 1 (149 patients, 196 eyes) - acute form, and group 2 (76 patients, 137 eyes) - long lasting form. Effectiveness of the proposed treatment was evaluated against separate group 3 (controls) consisting of 28 people (46 eyes) with completed acute adenovirus infection, who had previously received antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy in other clinics. Conjunctival scrapings of study patients were examined with FAT in our proposed modification. Study patients received local therapy with modern drugs (Okomistin, Aktipol)., Results: FAT detected the adenovirus antigen in 169 cases in group 1 (86%) and in 99 cases in group 2 (72%). Treatment duration amounted to 12±6 days in group 1, 18±8 days in group 2, and 29±7 days in controls. In both study groups, the duration of treatment was significantly reduced in comparison with the controls ( p <0.01). Stable clinical effect and complete restoration of visual acuity have been achieved in most cases. There were no allergic and side effects from the therapy., Conclusion: Fluorescent antibody technique is a fast and effective way to diagnose adenovirus infection in ophthalmology. In terms of therapy, the use of an antiseptic, an antiviral drug and diluted corticosteroids is the most rational approach.

Introduction: The complexity of the treatment of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis is due to the severity of the disease, complications, the transition to chronic relapsing forms and the insufficient effectiveness of the drugs used, which leads to a steady increase in the number of patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the eye drug films «GlazAvir» in the experimental model of acute herpetic eye infection in rabbits., Research Objectives: to study the specific activity of «GlazAvir» and compare the long-term indicators of the level of manifestation of individual clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis., Material and Methods: In the work we used rabbits of the Chinchilla breed, the herpes simplex virus type 1 and the eye drug films «GlazAvir». A model of ophthalmic herpetic infection was formed by infection of rabbits with virus-containing material of a pre-scarified eye cornea against the background of local anesthesia. Аnimals were treated with the drug «GlazAvir» - 1 application per day for 7 days. Animals were observed daily for 15 days, then every 3 days until the 25th day of observation. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated at the peak of the development of the pathological process., Results and Discussion: There was a decrease in mortality from 50 to 20%, and an increase in average life expectancy by 27.87%, compared with the control in animals treated with «GlazAvir». It was noted after activation of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis on the 2nd - 5th day, at the peak of the disease (6-9th day) a statistically significant decrease in the activity of the pathological process (p<0.05) by rabbits treated with the «GlazAvir» ophthalmic drug films. The tendency to normalization by the rabbits treated with the «GlazAvir» preparation was observed until the 14th day., Conclusion: The data obtained indicate the pronounced effectiveness of the «GlazAvir» preparation in the treatment of experimental herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Unlabelled: Over the past 15 years the number of children with inflammatory eye diseases has increased by five-six times. Data analysis of Moscow children's health clinics in 2014 showed that for 40,000 outpatients a viral infection was observed in 49,000 cases, whereas some children suffered from the viral infection twice or thrice. 344 children (0.7 percent) had the viral infection accompanied by keratoconjunctivitis. According to 2015 data, viral infection was observed in 37,957 children, including 325 outpatients (0.8 percent) with keratoconjunctivitis., Aim: To analyze clinical features and treatment options of ocular surface viral diseases in children., Material and Methods: We observed 140 children aged 2 to 13 years with ocular surface viral diseases., Results: Despite the presence of corneal disorders, in 95 percent of children changes were reversible - in 1.5 months corneal opacity was not observed. Yet five percent of children, despite the intensive treatment, had bacterial complications, causing decrease in visual acuity., Conclusion: In case of viral infections, ophthalmologists, pediatricians and general practitioners should all be aware of ocular manifestations of these diseases. Even if adequate therapy for ocular surface viral disorders is appointed, in five percent of cases complications are possible, causing decline in visual function. Changes in vision can be a result of general disease manifestation, and only timely and proper treatment will help to relieve the symptoms of inflammation and prevent complications.The results of our observations revealed that the addition of Ophtalmoferon medication to the complex therapy of ocular surface diseases in children showed a high therapeutic efficacy and a good safety profile. This medication, in contrast to other antiviral agents, is available in the form of ready-to-use eye drops, significantly enhancing medication compliance in outpatients.

The method of local express-autocytocinetherapy (LEACCT) consists in using an experimentally tested autologous complex of cytokines (alpha- beta- gamma-interferons, interleukins 2.8, tumor necrosis factor gamma etc.), which is produced by joining the autoblood of patients with immune-modulator poludan (complex poly A:poly U). The external LEACCT and the intrachamber LEACCT are distinguished. The former presupposes the administration (subconjunctivally and in installations) of the autoblood-poludan mixture. This method is used in herpes- and adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis, slow re-epithelization after laser keratectomy and in eye burns (178 patients). The latter comprises, apart from the external LEACCT procedures, a 1-4-time introduction of the mentioned mixture into patient's anterior chamber. It was used in endothelial herpetic keratoiridocyclitis, initial bullous keratopathy, severe keratoconus and in injuries of the anterior lens capsule (117 patients). The clinical-study results (main group--295 patients) show that the designed method based on poludan has pronounced anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in different viral and virus-free lesions of the eye tissues; it is simple and can be applied in clinical settings. An increased visual acuity ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 was registered in 85% of cases. The action of the complex of cytokines is as close as possible to the physiological mechanism, which provides for avoiding the side-effects and for applying the treatment scheme in situations when the administration of other drugs is limited or their efficiency is not sufficient.

Adenoviruses often cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. The infection is highly contagious, often leads to corneal opacities, and is therefore to be timely diagnosed and properly treated. The authors propose a method for rapid diagnosis of adenovirus infection based on examination of a scraping off the conjunctiva by indirect immunofluorescence with polyvalent fluorescent rabbit serum and offer recommendations on the use of this method. Using this technique, adenovirus antigen was detected in 14 (61%) out of 23 patients with acute follicular conjunctivitis and in 19 (95%) out of 20 patients with keratoconjunctivitis. Despite clinical cure after antiviral therapy, the antigen persisted for 1 month in 22-30% patients and in some patients for 3 months (as a rule, it was in patients treated too late or ineffectively or after corticosteroids). That is why maintenance antivirus therapy is recommended for 2-3 months after clinical cure.

Herpes ophthalmicus (HO) patients were examined for lipid spectrum of the serum. The tests revealed dyslipidemia (DLE) with a distinctive rise in the levels of total cholesterol (CS), alpha-CS and beta-CS. The severity of the lipidemic shifts correlated with that of the infection. DLE was more marked in recurrent HO. Clinical evidence was consistent with experimental findings. In rabbit models, herpetic keratoconjunctivitis was characterized by pronounced lipidemic alterations correctable with antiherpetic drug furavir. The results are discussed in terms of herpetic infection pathogenesis and its role in the development of atherosclerosis.

The possibility of using sodium nucleinate for the treatment of acute dysentery has been confirmed in experiments on guinea pigs with the use of the keratoconjunctival test as an experimental model. The capacity of sodium nucleinate to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of shigellae isolated from infected eyes to kanamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been established. The effect produced by individual ribonucleotides contained in sodium nucleinate have been studied and found to be differently directed.

It was found that for successful elaboration of effective schemes for the use of antibacterial drugs in treatment of dysentery it was necessary to exploit various experimental models providing consideration of the drug toxicity and effect on the extra- and intracellular growth of the bacteria in addition to the other factors. The administration of enteroceptol for 3 days followed by furazolidon showed the best therapeutic effect in the treatment of guinea pigs with Shigella keratoconjunctivitis and Syrian hamsters with dysentery. The above drugs had low toxicity which was shown in the experiments with Hep-2 cell cultures. It was concluded that the use of the drugs with different modes of action was advisable in treatment of dysentery.

A study of the therapeutic effect in 159 patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis treated by antiviral preparations: alpha-interferon, prodigiosane, 0.25% phlorenale and 0.05% riodoxole ointments has a sufficiently high effect of the mentioned preparations; the duration of the disease is shorter in these patients as compared with patients treated by common antibiotic preparations. As compared with other medicinal preparations, the therapeutic effect of alpha-interferon and phlorenale was evident not only in the shortening of terms of treatment, but also in prevention of keratitis in such patients. The therapeutic effect was higher when the preparations were prescribed at early terms (1-4 days) of the disease.

A new dosage form of gentamicin, 0.3 per cent eye drops with polyglucin was developed. Its pharmacokinetics and chemotherapeutic properties were studied. It was shown that in the form of eye drops gentamicin has a prolonged action, provides high levels of penetration into the eye tissues and is effective in the treatment of eye infections.

The authors analyze the features of the course of a keratoconjunctivitis outbreak. Adenoviral serotype 8 has been identified as the etiologic agent of this outbreak. Since ophthalmologic patients form the group of risk in respect of contracting this disease, the authors have developed a complex of treatment-and-prophylaxis measures, bases on clinicoepidemiologic and laboratory findings in these patients; accurate realization of these measures has helped liquidate the outbreak in 2-4 weeks.