1. Semiconductor detector of single photons for quantum communications
- Subjects
geiger mode ,Ñежим гейгеÑа ,кванÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÑипÑогÑаÑÐ¸Ñ ,паÑамеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑоÑодиодов ,quantum communications ,деÑекÑÐ¾Ñ ÑоÑонов ,avalanche photodiode ,key distribution ,afterpaling ,лавиннÑй ÑоÑодиод ,аÑÑеÑпалÑинг ,quantum cryptography ,photon detector ,кванÑовÑе коммÑникаÑии ,ÑаÑпÑеделение клÑÑей ,avalanche photodiode parameters - Abstract
Тема вÑпÑÑкной квалиÑикаÑионной ÑабоÑÑ: «ÐолÑпÑоводниковÑй деÑекÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½ÑовÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑникаÑий». ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑабоÑа поÑвÑÑена кванÑовÑм коммÑникаÑиÑм и деÑекÑоÑам одиноÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов. Ð ÑабоÑе пÑедоÑÑавлена инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Â ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñовой кÑипÑогÑаÑии, а именно: Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ ÑаÑпÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ»ÑÑей на пÑимеÑе пÑоÑокола BB84, анализ пÑеимÑÑеÑÑв и недоÑÑаÑков ÑиÑÑем кванÑовой коммÑникаÑии. ÐÑоведен Ð¾Ð±Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑно-ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÑеÑкой лиÑеÑаÑÑÑÑ по видам деÑекÑоÑов ÑоÑонов, ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑе лавиннÑÑ ÑоÑодиодов, Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑновнÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑамеÑÑов, пÑинÑипов пÑоекÑиÑованиÑ, Ñежимам ÑабоÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Â ÑоÑодиодов, пÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ ÑазлиÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ð°Ñ Ð´ÐµÑекÑиÑованиÑ одиноÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов. ÐÑли изÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑкоÑоÑÑи ÑабоÑÑ(возникновение ÑÑÑекÑа аÑÑеÑпалÑинга) лавиннÑÑ ÑоÑодиодов в каÑеÑÑве деÑекÑоÑов в Ñежиме ÐейгеÑа. Ð ÑабоÑе бÑли ÑÑоÑмÑлиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑновнÑе ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ðº паÑамеÑÑам деÑекÑоÑов одиноÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов. ЦелÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑение пÑинÑипов ÑабоÑÑ полÑпÑоводниковÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑекÑоÑов одиноÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов. Такие деÑекÑоÑÑ пÑименÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½ÑовÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑникаÑий в каÑеÑÑве пÑиемнÑÑ Â ÑÑÑÑойÑÑв Ñигналов (ÑоÑонов) Ñ ÑазлиÑнÑми паÑамеÑÑами. ÐÑедмеÑом ÑабоÑÑ ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñе ÑоÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ деÑекÑоÑÑ одиноÑнÑÑ ÑоÑонов, оÑнованнÑе на Ð½Ð¸Ñ .ÐÑли иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑледÑÑÑие меÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ÑÑледованиÑ: анализ, ÑинÑез, ÑÑавнение., The topic of the final qualifying work: "Semiconductor detector of single photons for quantum communications". This work is devoted to quantum communications and single photon detectors. The paper provides information concerning the basics of quantum cryptography, in particular: the key distribution mechanism on the example of the BB84 protocol, an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of quantum communication systems. A review of scientific and technical literature on the types of photon detectors, the structure of avalanche photodiodes, their main parameters, design principles, modes of operation of avalanche photodiodes, information on various methods of detecting single photons is provided. The reasons for the low operating speed (occurrence of the afterpaling effect) of avalanche photodiodes as de-tectors in the Geiger mode were studied. The paper formulated the basic requirements for the parameters of single photon detectors. The aim of the work is to study the principles of operation of semiconductor detectors of single photons. Such detectors are used in quantum communication systems as receivers of signals (photons) with various parameters. The subject of the work is avalanche photodiodes and single photon detectors based on them. The following research methods were used: the study and analysis of textbooks, articles and other sources on the topic of the work. The results of the work can be applied in the study of this topic, research and design of semiconductor detectors for single photons.
- Published
- 2022
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