Aim: To reject one of the variants of inherited thrombophylia in a 64-year-old patient with deep thrombosis of leg veins and high hemoglobin and red cell levels., Material and Methods: The study was made of antithrombin III and protein C, protein S levels; resistance to activated protein C; molecular structure of DNA coding factor 5; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase., Results: The patient was diagnosed to have heterozygote factor V Leiden mutation. The replacement of arginine by glutamine in position 506 of factor V molecule raises the risk of thrombosis. This risk was aggravated by high hemoglobin, red cells, hematocrit, low volume of circulating plasma, smoking. The patient had normal levels of leukocytes and platelets, normal spleen size, slightly lowered level of erythropoietin., Conclusion: The presence of thrombosis in patients with erythremia or erythrocytosis rejects one of the thrombophilia forms.