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Basil Ocimum L. belongs to the perspective aromatic and essential-oil plants. Its green mass and essential oils can be successfully used in different sectors of economy including food industry. In 56 samples of basil Ocimum L. having different ecological and geographic origin the author determined the content and yield of essential oils. The study of the taken basil cultivars shows that the content of essential oils in different types of basil (sweet basil – Ocimum basilicum L., holy basil – Ocimum tenuiflorum L., camphor basil – Ocimum kilimandscharicum Willd., hoary basil – Ocimum canum Sims.) was 0.28–0.83% when its yield was 24.0–314.6 kg/ha and green mass yield during technological maturity phase (massive flowering) was 0.51–5.08 kg/m2. By means of gas liquid chromatography method the author performed compositional and anantiometric analysis of the composition of the essential oils obtained from the new basil varieties such as Ocimum L. (Magiya, Volodar, Nastena, Istochnik), bred in Belorussian State Agricultural Academy and catalogued in the National Register of Cultivars in the Republic of Belarus. As a result of the research the author determined that essential oil samples obtained from the new basil cultivars have up to 20 components. The main components are linalool, methyl chavicol, - and -pinenes, -terpineol, eugenol, geraniol, geranial, geranyl acetate, thymol, neral, carvone, carvacrol, limonene and 1.8-cineol. Enantiomers are present in essential oil components - and -pinenes, limonene and linalool.

A new physical method of Cd1–хZnхTe-detectors passivation is proposed — the treatment of crystal surface by a laser ablation (LA) with subsequent photostimulated passivation (PhSP), during wich a high-resistance oxide layer is formed on it’s surface after the surface cleaning under intensive light irradiation effect. It is shown that the method of LA+PhSP is manufacturable and in comparison with PhSP and PhESP methods developed earlier provides a thick, homogeneous and high-oxide films, which significantly increases the surface resistivity of Cd1–хZnхTe samples and reduces leakage currents in them.

Strong thermostable oxide interference coatings transparent in the visible and IR spectral regions are obtained on the surface of active elements of ZnSe:Cr2+-lasers by the method of photothermal oxidation. The mechanical strength of such coatings is more than by a factor of 1,5 higher in comparison with the corresponding characteristic of the coatings obtained by the method of thermal oxidation. In the generation band of Cr2+ ions (2…3 мm) the optical transmission of ZnSe:Cr2+ elements with the antireflection coatings reaches 95%.

By the interaction of 2-bromomethyl derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine and imidazo[1,2-a]thiazole with natural 7-hydroxyisoflavone formononetin and with its synthetic analogues the corresponding 7-(imidazo[1,2-a]hetaryl-2-methoxy)-3-aryl-4H-4-chromenones were synthesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of theoretical concepts of budget regulation of a number of scientists allowed drawing a conclusion that, despite significant differences of views and opinions, practically all of them envisage participation of the state in managing economy. Strengthening of the regulatory function of the state is topical under modern conditions. In spite of the fact that aggravation of crisis phenomena result in a necessity to search for new levers of economy regulation, it is extremely important to study in more detail formation and development of the budget regulation in Ukraine. Namely this system not only mobilises a certain volume of financial resources, but also uses them effectively, taking into account the current needs of economy and strategic tasks of further development. The article offers periodisation of the process of budget regulation in Ukraine, considers characteristic features of each stage and provides a review of specific instruments of budget regulation.Анализ теоретических концепций бюджетного регулирования различных ученых позволил сделать вывод о том, что, несмотря на значительные различия взглядов и суждений, практически все они предусматривают участие государства в управлении экономикой. В условиях современности актуальным является усиление регулирующей функции государства. Несмотря на то, что с обострением кризисных явлений возникает необходимость в поиске новых рычагов регулирования экономики, крайне важно более детальное исследование становления и развития бюджетного регулирования в Украине. Ведь именно эта система не только мобилизует определенный объем финансовых ресурсов, но и эффективно их использует, учитывая текущие потребности экономики и стратегические задачи дальнейшего развития. В статье предложена периодизация процесса бюджетного регулирования в Украине, рассмотрены характерные особенности каждого этапа и предоставлен обзор конкретных инструментов бюджетного регулирования.

Objective: To analyze the results of endovascular embolization of malignant tumors and liver metastases., Material and Methods: We analyzed international studies on the treatment of patients with neoplastic liver lesions and complications after regional endovascular embolization following leakage of chemotherapeutic drugs from the target vessel and negative systemic effects. The results of embolization of liver arteries without chemotherapeutic drugs were also analyzed. We reviewed the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, as well as Russian scientific and practical journals., Conclusion: Literature data indicate high clinical effectiveness of interventional treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms and metastatic liver damage.

Objective: To analyze treatment outcomes and approaches to predicting the postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with perforated ulcers and cancer., Material and Methods: A non-randomized trial included 194 patients. The first group enrolled 45 (23%) patients with perforated ulcers and concomitant cancer who underwent at the oncology center; the second group included 149 (77%) patients with perforated ulcers and no cancer who underwent surgery in general surgical hospitals. Organ-sparing procedures prevailed (40 (88.9%) and 138 (92.6%) cases, respectively). Resections were performed in 5 (11.1%) and 11 (7.4%) patients respectively. Analyzing the factors affecting treatment outcomes, we studied crude (COR) and adjusted (AOR) odds ratios. ROC-analysis was used to assess diagnostic significance of the models for prognosis of morbidity and mortality., Results: Length of hospital-stay was 10 (range 9-14) and 8 (range 7-9) days respectively. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grading system) occurred in 18 (40%) in 37 (24.8%) patients, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, predictors of complications in patients of the first group were treatment with NSAIDs/glucocorticoids and Charlson-Deyo index >3. Sensitivity of this model was 82.4%, specificity - 75.0%. Postoperative mortality was 15.6% ( n =7) and 7.4% ( n =11) respectively. According to multivariate analysis, predictors of mortality were age over 65 years and more than 5 chemotherapeutic courses. Sensitivity of the model was 85.7%, specificity - 97.4%., Conclusion: The stratified approach makes it possible to improve prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with perforated ulcers.

Objective: To analyze the primary results of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with distal gastric cancer., Material and Methods: There were 21 laparoscopic distal gastrectomies in patients with distal gastric cancer. Mean age of patients was 63.7±6.3 years. According to TNM staging system, cancer stage 1 was detected in 90% of patients ( n =19), stage 2a - in 10% ( n =2) of patients., Results: Time of distal gastrectomy was 190.4±51.6 min, blood loss - 90.3±51.2 ml. The number of excised lymph nodes was 21.2±5.1. We were able to achieve R0 resection edge in all patients. Length of hospital-stay was 7.6±2.3 days, incidence of postoperative complications - 23.8%. Complications Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb-V were observed in 9.5% of patients ( n =2). Overall postoperative mortality was 4.7% ( n =1). No progression of the underlying disease has been revealed in any patient throughout the follow-up period (since May 2018). To date, the maximum median follow-up is 25 months of overall and disease-free survival., Conclusion: Laparoscopic subtotal distal resection is an appropriate intervention ensuring R0 resection edge in most cases.

Objective: To analyze the primary experience of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with distal gastric cancer., Material and Methods: There were 21 laparoscopic distal gastrectomies in patients with antrum malignancies. Mean age of patients was 63.7±6.3 years. According to TNM staging system, cancer stage I was detected in 90% of patients ( n =19), stage IIa - in 10% ( n =2) of patients., Results: Duration of distal gastrectomy was 190.4±51.6 minutes, blood loss - 90.3±51.2 ml. The number of harvested lymph nodes was 21.2±5.1. We were able to reach R0 resection edge in all patients. Length of hospital-stay was 7.6±2.3 days, incidence of postoperative complications - 23.8%. Complications Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb-V were observed in 9.5% of patients ( n =2). Overall postoperative mortality was 4.7% ( n =1). No progression of the underlying disease has been revealed in any patient throughout the follow-up period (since May 2018). To date, the maximum median follow-up is 25 months of overall and disease-free survival., Conclusion: Laparoscopic subtotal distal resection is appropriate intervention ensuring R0 resection edge in most cases.

Objective: To analyze the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) devoted to distal subtotal gastrectomy and gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in patients with distal gastric cancer., Material and Methods: RCTs were searched in the electronic library, the Cochrane Community database, and PubMed database. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Community experts (Higgins et al. 2019). Mathematical calculations of a meta-analysis were made using RevMan 5.3 software package. Statistical criteria were calculated for relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and significance level ( p )., Results: Seven primary RCTs were selected. A total number of 1463 surgical interventions with D2 lymphadenectomy were observed (805 patients underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy, 658 - gastrectomy). Postoperative mortality is significantly higher (6.5% and 2.6%) after gastrectomy compared to subtotal distal gastrectomy (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.34-3.64, I 2 0%, fixed effect model). Postoperative complications are also significantly more common (28% and 14%) after gastrectomy (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.16-2.55, I 2 heterogeneity 49%, random effect model). Differences in overall five-year survival after gastrectomy and subtotal distal resection (51.6% and 60.8%) are insignificant (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.45-1.22, I 2 90%, random effect model, general reverse inversion)., Conclusion: The choice of distal subtotal gastrectomy and gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in patients with distal gastric cancer is not regulated by evidence-based medicine. The boundaries of minimal surgical clearance from the tumor edge vary from 2.5 cm to 6 cm. An updated meta-analysis shows that postoperative mortality and morbidity are significantly higher after gastrectomy compared to distal subtotal gastrectomy while overall 5-year survival is similar.

The aim of the research is the assessment of the features of the course of endometriosis in women in perimenopause. The exanimated group of patients consisted of 106 women with endometriosis and climacteric syndrome and 64 women with endometriosis without climacteric syndrome. The comparison group consisted of 70 women without endometriosis and symptoms of climacteric syndrome. The age of the examined women was from 39 to 55 years. We analyzed the leading complaints, the menstrual function and the severity of the pain manifestations in the examined patients. The results of the studies have shown that the main manifestations of endometriosis, such as hyperpolimenorrhea and pain syndrome, tend to fade with the onset of climacteric syndrome. The psycho-emotional disorders are on the first place in patients with endometriosis in perimenopause.

The aim of the study was to analyze clinical features of patients with premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in relation to family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)., Materials and Methods: Of 2832 patients included in ORACUL 1 and ORACUL 2 multicenter observational trials 512 pts who developed premature ACS (≤55 years for men, ≤60 years for women) and had known family history and LDL level were selected for this study. Of these patients 297 had positive family history (51 with FH, 246 no FH), 215 had negative family history., Results: Among patients with positive family history there were more women (31 vs 20.9 %), while among patients with negative family history there were more men (79.1 vs 69 %). The fact of regular alcohol consumption was significantly more frequently observed among patients with positive family history but without FH, compared to patients with positive family history with FH (69.6 vs 47.1 %). Women with positive family history smoked more frequently than females with negative family history (51.1 vs 31.1 %). Among patients with negative family history compared with patients with positive family history there were more people who at admission had hyperglycemia exceeding 11.1 mmol / l (10.3 vs 4.4 %). Multiple vessel disease and coronary calcinosis were present in 73.2 and 24.7 %, respectively, of patients with positive family history, and in 56.9 and 9.8 %, respectively, of those with negative family history. Among patients with positive family history multivessel disease was more frequent in the subgroup with FH, while coronary calcinosis was more frequent in the subgroup without FH., Conclusion: Thus, premature development of ACS might be associated not only with genetic factors but also with family history ("inheritance") of adverse habits. Herewith coronary calcinosis is more prevalent in patients with FH.

The effect of chitosan- and vanillin-based immune modulators on the development of the phytopathogen Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur, which induces dark-brown blotch (helminthosporiosis) in wheat, has been studied. It was shown that treatment with these substances led to a decreased injured area in leaves and an increase in the biotrophic period of pathogen development. It was found that vanillin-modified chitosan effectively provided wheat resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogen C. sativus. Changes in leaf peroxidase activity correlated with the manifestation of disease symptoms.

The population genetic structure of plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was examined using microsatellite (SSR) markers. According to the geographical origin of the pathogen populations, they were designated as North Caucasian (S, 33 isolates), northwest (Nw, 39), and Omsk (Om, 43). The populations were analyzed at the nine most polymorphic SSR loci, at which 75 alleles were identified. To characterize the genetic variation within and between populations, the AMOVA algorithm as implemented in the Arlequin v. 3.5 software program was used. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 12 and their sizes varied within the range from 180 to 400 bp. The mean gene diversity at SSR loci was high for all populations (H = 0.58–0.75). The populations were considerably different in the frequencies of individual alleles of the SSR loci. Most isolates in the populations were represented by unique haplotypes. The within-population variation of the isolates at molecular markers was 86.4%; among the populations, 13.6%. Substantial interpopulation differences were found between the Om and S (F st = 0.16) and between the Om and Nw (F st = 0.20) populations, whereas between the S and Nw populations, these differences were small (F st = 0.05). Thus, it was demonstrated that the population of P. tritici-repentis from Omsk oblast had the independent status of the geographical population; northwest and North Caucasian populations differed in the allelic diversity of SSR loci, and despite the low F st value (0.05), they also belonged to independent geographical populations.

Objective: To characterize the interaction of Lactobacillus plantaruni 337D UKM B-2627 strain, which has probiotic properties, with kaolinite and montmorillonite., Methods: The methods of infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the adsorption-structural static volumetric method, microbiological and statistical methods were used., Results: The characteristics of the porous space of clay mineral particles were practically did not change compared with initial samples during the interaction with L. plantarum 337D UKM B-2627 strain cells, pore size distribution had become wider due to the emergence of large diameter pores, reduced surface area, but the adsorption capacity and the layered structure of clay minerals preserved. For the first time the ef- fect of kaolinite and montmorillonite on growth of L. plantaruni 337D strain in vitro was studied. The greatest stimulating effect of clay minerals was observed within two hours of cultivation. The specific growth rate of L. plantaruni 337D strain was in 5.2 times higher when cultured in MRS medium with 4 % of kaolinite and 6 times more - in MRS medium with 1 % montmorillonite versus control. The presence in the medium of kaolinite or montmorillonite slowed the process of reducing pH during growth of the L. plantarum 337D strain, compared with the control. In the presence of montmorillonite pH decreased more slowly than in the presence of kaolinite. The difference between initial pH value of medium with 4 % kaolinite and after two h (ApH) was 10 times less in comparison with the control. At the same time, pH of the medium with 1 % or 4 % montmorillonite began to decrease after 4 hours of cultivation., Conclusions: Different effect on the growth of L. plantarum 337D strain due to differences of physical and chemical characteristics of kaolinite and montmorillonite used in the study.

The identification of probiotic strain Lactobacillus sp. 55 at species level on the basis of analysis of the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences has been done. It has been established that investigated strain belongs to the species Lactobacillus gasseri. The nucleotide sequence of strain Lactobacillus gasseri 55 16S rRNA gene’s fragment has been deposited in international database GenBank (NCBI) under number 314159 KT.

The antagonistic activity of 109 lactobacillus strains, isolated from traditional fermented products of Ukraine, has been investigated and it has been shown that the significant part of strains show different levels of inhibition of opportunistic and phytopathogenic microorganisms. It has been shown that the antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strains on the opportunistic and phytopathogenic microorganisms was dependent on the sources of Lactobacillus strains isolation. L. plantarum strains show a higher level of inhibition against phytopathogenic microorganisms than opportunistic test-strains. Eleven strains of L. plantarum demonstrated antagonistic activity for all used test-strains.

The strains of lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from the intestine of older women. These strains were identified and their biological activity was studied. It has been established that Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. salivarius var. salivarius and Enterococcus faecium had the highest antagonistic activity against opportunistic microorganisms. It has been revealed, that the adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of the tested cultures had strain specificity. Most of the isolates were highly adhesive and did not produce hemolysins.

In this review we briefly describe recent knowledge of telomerase (predominately human telomerase) activity regulation mechanisms. We also point telomerase complex components localization in cells and discuss the enzyme activities that are independent of telomere elongation. The paper includes the overview of human diseases correlating with reduced telomerase activity, short telomeres and rapid telomeres shortening. We describe in details the possibilities of exogenous hTERTgene transcription activation by different natural and synthetic compounds as well as hTERTgene transfection effects. Such exogenous activation cause increasing proliferative potential of the cells and might be used in cell therapy. It must be noticed that elevated hTERT gene expression, especially in the case of hTERTgene transfection, might be the cause of cell malignesation. In this regard strict constraining criteria in medical application of different methods of telomerase activation must be developed.

In experiments on rats using high frequency ultrasonic measurement technique and selective M4-cholinoreceptor antagonist tropicamide it was shown that i/v injection of the cholinolitic block agent in large doses exceeding of its selective threshold (1 mg/kg) causes pronounced inhibition of the cardiovascular system in rats. Severe transitory hypotension and bradycardia are developed, general vascular resistance, minute cardiac output, are decreased. The block of M4-cholinoreceptors with smaller doses of tropicamide (0.1-0.001 mg/kg) causes transitory dose-depended effect on hemodynamic--system blood pressure and vascular resistance, pulse, minute cardiac output, as soon as velocity of aortic blood flow, strike cardiac output are increased on the contrary. The following decrease the dose of the high selective M4-cholinolitic antagonist (0.0001 mg/kg) reveals that its negative chronotropic effect are not detected practically but tropicamide vessel action (decrease of system blood pressure and vascular resistance) are preserved distinctly. The obtained data are discussed in aspect of the possible involvement of M4-muscarinic receptor subtype in acetylcholine-induced vasoconstriction in rats.

The distribution of an electric field in plant cells and zooblasts has been investigated at propagation of the action potential. The behavior of ions in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular fluid has been described with the equations of electric charge motion in the electrolytes. It has been shown that the action potential causes an electric potential change not only in the depth of the cytoplasm but also in the extracellular area far from the lipidic bilayer. The biomembrane resistance has been expressed by physical parameters of a cell, such as ionic diffusion coefficient in fluid, Debye-Huckel radius, dielectric conductivity etc. The presence of breakings in the action potential diagrams has been explained as a result of insufficient resolving power of the measuring devices at the instant the sodium ionic canals of the bilayer opens.

Composition of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in raw milk and home-made milk products has been analyzed using real-time PCR (quantitative PCR) with genus-specific primers to Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. Bacteria belonging to these genera have been revealed in all samples analyzed (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese). It has been shown that the representatives of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus genera dominated in the samples analyzed (10(3)-10(7) genome equivalent/ml (mg)). The largest number of these microorganisms (10(7) genome equivalent/mg) has been detected in cottage cheese.

The quantitative and species composition of bifidoflora of intestinal content of people of different age groups has been studied. It was established that B. longum subsp. infantis, B. bifidum, B. brev, B. longum subsp. longum and B. dentium were the dominant species of intestinal bifidoflora of people of all ages. The dependence of the species composition of intestinal bifidobacteria on the human age was shown. A decrease of species diversity of bifidobacteria in elderly people was observed.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric repeats and identified as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Here we describe a new compound aITEL1296 as a potent telomerase inhibitor. Its inhibitory activity was a bit higher (IC50 = 0,19 +/- 0,02 ng/ml) than that of BIBR1532, one of the most potent telomerase inhibitors known to date. Besides telomerase inhibition aITEL1296 activated apoptotic mechanisms and effectively suppressed proliferation of tumor cell lines (GI50 = 5,0 +/- 0,2 ng/ml for most sensitive cell line LnCap) but not normal fibroblast cell line.

This review presents current information about bacteriocinogenic activity of bacteria of Enterococcus genus. Information is presented about enterocins diversitx, their properties, the effect of culture conditions on their production, activity spectrum. Data on the practical use of enterocins as biopreservatives in food products of animal and vegetable origin.

Enterococci belong to lactic acid bacteria group. Wide distribution and a variety of their properties are of interest for researchers for a long time. Genus Enterococcus is a group of bacteria heterogeneous by their phenotypic characteristics. The review presented the current status of question concerning enterococci taxonomy that has undergone significant changes during the last decades. Microbiologic methods of identification are considered and analyzed. Special attention was given to the problems that may occur during genus identification of enterococci and during differentiation of closely related species. The use of molecular-genetic methods of identification let to overcome disadvantages of phenotypic identification of bacteria genus Enterococcus. The need of the use of molecular methods of identification was shown, basic approaches were listed, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

Literature data, concerning current state of taxonomy of microorganisms of genus Bifidobacterium are presented in the review. The question of creation of necessary conditions for accurate identification of these bacteria has been revealed, as well as the basic principles of novel molecular-genetic approaches for microorganisms' typing (as they are used for the detection and identification of bifidobacteria) have been described. Main information sources in systematics, classification and nomenclature have been listed. The paper is presented in Ukrainian.

Among factors determining development of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia torsades de pointes under influence of class III antiarrhythmic drugs great value is attributed to enhanced heterogeneity of repolarization of ventricular myocardium which can cause functional conduction blocks and development of re-entry of excitation. In this work with the help of optical mapping of electrical activity of the heart we investigated effect of nibentan (0.3 and 1 mM) on chronotopography of repolarization of epicardial surface of ventricles of isolated after Langendorf rabbit heart (n=5). For assessment of heterogeneity of repolarization we measured the following parameters: standard deviation of mean action potential duration (APDm) along mapped region (SD-APD), dispersion index (DI=1000 SD-APDm), maximal dispersion (Dmax=APDmax-APDmin). Nibentan in concentrations 0.3 and 1 mM increased APD at the level of 90% repolarization (APD90%) from 231 +/- 12 to 277 +/- 7 ms (p < 0.05) 318 +/- 7 ms (p < 0.001), respectively, but in concentration 1 mM it practically did not affect parameters of heterogeneity of repolarization (SD-APD: from 4.4 +/- 0.9 to 5.7 +/- 1.1 ms, p=0.4; DI: from 19.1 +/- 4.2 to 18.0+3.5, p=0.8; Dmax: from 16.6 +/- 2.5 to 24.8 +/- 4.3 ms, < 0.05). These results show that nibentan in the range of clinically used doses does not effect heterogeneity of ventricular myocardium. This can explain low proarrhythmic effect of nibentan.

The reversion of the antibiotic sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum have been studied. The phenomenon of the reversion has been fists studied in lactic acid bacteria of different taxonomic groups at their interactions with lymphoblastoid human cells. It is shown that resistance of lactobacteria to antibiotics can change depending on the terms of cultivation, genus and strain specificity. Most often the reversion of antibiotic sensitivity was observed with respect to fuzidin (26%) and cefepim (23%), most rarely--with respect to cephazolin, erithromicin, cefamandol, tobramicin and oxacillin.

Ultrasound studies showed that selective antagonist of central M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors pirenzepine (50 mg/kg intravenously) causes transitory hypotension and respiratory depression in anesthetized intact rats. The M1 receptor antagonist had no effect on cardiac output and portal blood flow. Pretreatment with pirenzepine increased the sensitivity of rats with acute massive hemorrhage to circulatory hypoxia. After blockade of central M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors, the posthemorrhagic period was characterized by primary decompensation of blood pressure, portal blood flow, and respiration and development of low cardiac output syndrome. The animals died over the first minutes after bleeding arrest. Our results indicate that central M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors act as shock-limiting cholinergic structures under conditions of posthemorrhagic changes in systemic and portal blood flow, as well as during respiratory dysfunction.

Erythrocyte membrane potential was recorded via measurement of pH of the incubation medium in presence ofprothonophore. The increase of intracellular calcium concentration in presence of calcium ionophore A23187 and addition of the artificial redox-system ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate led to membrane hyperpolarization due to opening of Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels that are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The opening of the Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels in presence of artificial redox-system ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate is mediated at least by two mechanisms including an increase in affinity of channels to calcium ions and involvement of the protein SH-groups and the components of the respiratory circuit which have beer found in erythrocyte membrane.

A comparative research of the structure of vaginal and intestinal microflora in norm and at kidney pathologies in women in the prenatal period was carried out. At physiologically normal course of pregnancy microbiocenosis of vagina and intestine does not contain pathogenic and conditional-pathogenic microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria are fixed within the limits of 10(5)-10(8) CFU/1 ml in the vagina secretion and 10(7)-10(8) CFU/1 g in the intestine content. The spore microorganisms have completely disappeared in vaginal biocenosis of women with pyelonephritis after pharmacotherapy; and colibacterias has disappeared in 62% of women. Quantity of lactic acid bacteria has also decreased. Quantity of E. coli (10(8)- 10(9)) CFU/g, sporous microorganisms (10(3)-10(4)) CFU/g and yeast (10(4)-10(5)) CFU/g has considerably increased in the content of intestine. Lactic acid bacteria in content of the vagina are presented by: Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. vaginalis; in content of the intestine--L. plantarum and L. fermentum. All the isolated strains of lactobacilli are resistant to metrogyl and amphotericin, 87%--to cephoxitine, cypropfloxacine. Twenty three of 24 strains of lactic acid bacteria--antagonists of pathogenic microflora have shown adhesion to vaginal epthelium. The degree of adhesive activity depends on the strain and genus specificity of cultures. The highest index of adhesiveness in indicated in Enterococcus faecium (5.82 - 7.62) and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (2.74 - 6.40) strains. The screening of strains has been performed, which suppress growth of gas-producing microflora. The strain of Lactobacillus plantarum 200D proved to be the most active one. A complex of cultures of the lactic bacteria providing normalization of microbial cenosis of the vagina in women in the prenatal period has been selected as based on the data obtained. The biotechnology of production of vaginal suppositories is developed.

Current status of the question concerning the study of lactic acid bacteria adhesion process is presented in the review. Lactic acid bacteria colonization capacity allows them to form monolayers, to join the mucosal microbiota, to become a component of ecological barrier, which protects an organism from penetration of pathogens. The available methods of investigation of adhesive properties such as microbiological, light and electron microscopy, biophysical, mathematical and others are presented in detail. The works concerning lactic acid bacteria adhesines nature and factors that influence the exhibition of adhesion have been analyzed. Studies concerning the mechanisms responsible for attachment of cells of lactic acid bacteria to the surface of different types of epithelium and substances that are products of endothelium secretion are analyzed. Questions on adhesion specificity and factors that inhibit its exhibition are considered. The chart of current concept of the adhesive process and factors that reciprocally affect the exhibition of lactic acid bacteria adhesion properties is developed and presented by the authors.

The numeric analysis of 14 strains of lactobacilli investigated by 57 phenotypical characteristics, has resulted in formation of three clusters: group L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum and the modular group formed by strains of various species. The API-testing, 16S rRNA sequencing and RAPD-typing with primers 5'-AGCAGCGTGG-3' and LP3-ST 5'-TGGTCCGAGC-3' have been carried out for several strains which position in a dendrogram did not correspond to their species diagnosis. The obtained data have allowed the reclassification of the strain L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B-1923T as L. plantarum B-1923T, L. agilis B-2603 as L. fermentum B-2603, L. amylophilus 30/4/(2) as L. plantarum 30/4/(2). Strain L. confusus 39T, identified by the phenotypical characteristics and data of API-testing as L. fermenturm, was reclassified on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and RAPD-typing, as L. pentosus 39T.

During investigation of adhesive properties of lactic acid bacteria it was found out that 11 strains adhered to buccal intestinal and vaginal epithelium of human. The highest adhesive activity was detected in enterococci (adhesive index 7.75-14.26), lower one--in streptococci (6.40-9.16). In lactobacilli adhesive properties manifested in different ways: Lactobacillus acidophilus strains adhered more often to buccal epithelium (2.58-4.60) and rarely--to intestinal and vaginal. L. plantarum manifested high adhesive activity (8.03 -9.69) to buccal epithelium and lower one--to the rest of epithelium types. Monosaccharide composition of glycocalix of 6 strains of lactic acid bacteria was studied to understand the adhesion mechanism. It was shown that surface structures of this microorganism interact with plant lectins, specific to certain monosaccharides.

The strains of lactic acid bacteria (n = 139) belonging to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Leuconostoc genera have been studied. It has been shown that neither of the strains used cholesterol as a source of carbon. Some strains (13.6%) hydrolyzed actively the conjugates of bile acids. The hydrolyzed activity displayed to a higher extent in anaerobic conditions on the medium with glucose. Hydrolase of conjugates of bile salts, which precipitated under acid value of pH and were excreted from the organism, was contained in 29% of 69 studied strains of lactic acid bacteria. Cholesterol is also removed from the organism under the same pH values that is confirmed by clinical tests of the product "Gerolakt Kislomolochny" (lactic-acid Gerolact).

The key genes nahAc and xylE of the naphthalene catabolism of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in the total soil DNA samples were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The collection of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was screened for the occurrence of these genes. The results obtained show the possibility of using this approach in the goal-directed search for plasmid-containing naphthalene-degrading fluorescent pseudomonads in soil. The distribution of the naphthalene catabolism genes in soils contaminated with creosote and petroleum products was also studied.

In experiments on rats it was shown that injection to rats before hemorrhage of analeptic corasol or prior injections during three days of the inhibitory mediator sodium oxybutyrate decrease individual resistance of the respiratory and circulatory systems (arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, organ portal blood flow) to posthemorrhagic hypoxia. Injection to animals before the hemorrhage of GABA-A antagonist picrotoxin significantly raises individual resistance to massive bleeding. Individual resistance to acute hemorrhage correlates with individual sensitivity of cardiovascular and respiratory systems to corasol.

Primers LP1-LP2 to the gene 16S rRNA have been developed, which permit to differentiate lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus. The strain-specific and species-specific differentiations are possible under different annealing temperature. Additional fragments, which are synthesized outside the framework of gene 16S rRNA reading, provide for the strain-specific type of differentiation, and the fragment F864 read in the gene 16S rRNA permits identifying L. plantarum.

The modern state of probiotic design and production was discussed in the survey. The worldwide data concerning types of probiotics and their use for restoration of resident microflora of hot-blooded animals and people were systematized. Much attention has been recently paid to the use of the natural preparations to maintain and regenerate the state of the resident microflora of animals and people. These preparations are known as probiotics. The term "probiotic" means microorganisms or substances which are capable to render sanitary effect on macroorganism. I. I. Mechnikov's concept on detoxifications of harmful substances formed in the digestive tract of men by probiotics is expounded. The modern concepts of the probiotics division into groups have been presented. Different kinds of industrial probiotics were considered. The mechanism of positive action of probiotics and their mutual relations with micro- and macroorganisms were provided. The scientific substantiation of new probiotic design was presented.

The preliminary test of carbohydrates fermentation has been carried out to confirm a regular position for some lactic acid bacteria strains. Restriction cards have been compiled for Lactobacillus plantarum, L. delbrueckii and Streptococcus salivarius using Vector NTI program. A comparative analysis of the restriction cards has shown presence of unique sites of restriction endonucleases, which can be used for differentiation of the above-stated species.

A marked fall in arterial blood pressure, organ blood flow rates and tissue perfusion in the liver, kidneys and brain was registered by ultrasound and laser Doppler flowmetry in rats with low (LR) and high resistance (HR) to circulatory hypoxia (average life spans less than 1.5 h and more than 3 h were 42 and 58%, respectively) at the end of acute massive hemorrhage. In the posthemorrhagic period organ hemodynamics and microcirculation showed a tendency to further decrease in LR rats. In HR rats blood flow in hepatic, renal and common carotid arteries were restored for a while up to 115-120%, 85-90% and 60-65%, respectively, following bleeding arrest. At this new posthemorrhagic level the brain flow was actively maintained in the compensatory phase of the posthemorrhagic period due to autoregulatory changes in the carotid resistance. Such a peculiar reaction of the brain blood vessels in HR rats is considered as an adaptive response protecting the brain during massive hemorrhage under severe tissue hypoxia against autoreperfusion and reoxygenation-induced damage.