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Reducing the risk of kidney transplant rejection is a perspective trend in modern medical science. One of the promising methods for reducing the activity of immune conflict between the recipient and the donor organ and the achievement of partial immunological tolerance is photochemotherapy. This method is widely used in over- seas heart and lung Transplantation. Domestic experience of applying this method in renal transplant recipients is extremely small. In this review of literature a modern representation of the scientists on the mechanism of action of this method is presented.

Aim. Treatment of urosepsis in patients after renal transplantation is very difficult. Currently selective endotoxin adsorption is a perspective method of treatment. Works devoted to the study of the effectiveness of this method in patients with renal transplant are extremely rare. Materials and methods. 94 recipients were included in study: 54 in prospective main group and 40 – in retrospective comparison group. For each patient of the main group we performed 2 sessions of selective endotoxin adsorption. Patients of comparison group were not trea- ted with sorption of endotoxin. We investigated the dynamics of APACHE II score, the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, procalcitonin and endotoxin. Results. As a result of endotoxin adsorption there was noted more pronounced decrease in the APACHE II score in patients of the main group, than in the comparison group. There was a decrease in activity of the systemic inflammatory response, and that was reflected in the decrease in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and procalcitonin in patients of the main group. Application of endotoxin adsorption resulted in a significant increase in survival in patients of the main group. Conclusion. Sorption of endotoxin is very effective and safe procedure that affects the pathogenesis of sepsis. Application of this procedure can significantly improve the condition of patients and survival.

Herein we present the clinical case, which demonstrates the difficulties of the differential diagnosis of renal allograft damage. The importance of using of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of urinary system in- fection after cadaveric kidney transplantation: computed tomography, graft tissue biopsy and timely application of the extracorporeal endotoxin selective adsorption are emphasized.

Aim. To study the profile of IL-6 in the early postoperative period after kidney transplantation and the factors that affect concentration of this cytokine. Methods and results. 28 kidney recipients were included in the study. It has been found that in most patients after surgery IL-6 was released, and the absence of such a reaction was a poor prognostic sign. Rate of increasing of the concentration and form of its curve within the first postoperative day depended on the length of preservation, warm ischemia time, type of donor, and differed in recipients with normal and delayed initial graft function. Conclusion. Further study of the role of circulating factors in kidney transplantation would improve patient outcomes.

The paper discusses data provided by a charter of the Hungarian estates, issued on March 13, 1450, which resulted from a litigation instituted by John Hunyadi against László Pataki, the familiaris of Serbian despot Đurađ Branković. According to the presented accusations, Despot Đurađ captured Hunyadi after the defeat on the Kosovo field in 1448, acting upon the persuasion of his wife, sons, „Michaelis vayvode Chelnek dicti de Uhad” and four of his Hungarian familiares. Based on this document and other known data on Mihailo Angelović, the author concludes that the aforementioned voivode Michael is no other than this Serbian nobleman of Byzantine origin. A noble title „de Uhad” shows that Mihailo Angelović had possessions in Hungary in 1450. This possession is most likely identical with the settlement Ohbd (Ohbt) near Ghilad in the Romanian Banat. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177029: Srednjovekovne srpske zemlje (13-15. vek): politički, privredni, društveni i pravni procesi]

Geneza regionalne saradnje na Zapadnom Balkanu protekle dve i po decenije imala je različite etape, uz dugotrajne krize i probleme u vezi sa razvojem vlastitog koncepta. U ovom radu autori stoga analiziraju njene dosadašnje domete, sa posebnim akcentom na period nakon transformacije Pakta za stabilnost u Jugoistočnoj Evropi u Savet za regionalnu saradnju početkom 2008. godine, kao i na pokušaj rekonceptualizovanja saradnje u okviru Zapadnobalkanske šestorke tokom 2013. godine. Istovremeno oni pažnju posvećuju i dometima Berlinskog procesa nakon 2014. godine i stvaranja novog oblika prelaska regionalne saradnje u regionalnu ekonomsku integraciju (Zajedničko regionalno tržište) s kraja 2020. godine. U tom kontekstu autori razmatraju da li će da usledi i produbljivanje političke saradnje kroz eventualno osnivanje zajedničkog parlamenta Zapadnog Balkana i uvođenje redovnih sastanka predsednika vlada i ministara inostranih poslova. Autori zato ukazuju i na određena strahovanja u regionu da bi već otpočeta integracija u oblasti ekonomske saradnje, koja bi bila praćena i produbljenom političkom saradnjom, mogla rezultirati osnivanjem „Balkanske unije”. To suštinski nailazi na značajne otpore i protivljenja u regionu Zapadnog Balkana zbog straha da će ona postati trajno rešenje, koje kao takvo dugoročno isključuje članstvo država regiona u Evropskoj uniji.

The article presents analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of septic renal transplant nephropathy and the search for ways to solve this problem with the use of modern selective extracorporeal methods which are the most promising methods to struggle with severe septic complications and gram-negative sepsis which is a mixed-selective adsorption of endotoxin.

Currently, an organ rejection is a leading cause of kidney transplants loss. Effective therapy is impossible without a clear understanding of the rejection mechanisms. In this paper, we summarize the views of domestic and foreign authors on the role of T cell activation in kidney transplant rejection.

Pyoseptic complications in patients with urologic diseases before and after renal grafting remain one of the most difficult clinical problems of contemporary nephrology and transplantation because of the high patient mortality that accounts for 60% even in the most prestigious domestic and foreign clinics. Studying different aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of pyoseptic complications and urosepsis in patients with chronic renal failure before and after renal transplantation opens wide opportunities for their prevention, prognosis, and treatment.