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Mycoplasmoses of cattle and small ruminants, pigs and poultry are widely spread and the infection process is frequently associated with other diseases. Mycoplasma spp. cause inflammatory respiratory diseases, diseases of joints and meninges, keratoconjunctivitis, mastitis and endometritis, abortion and stillbirths. Etiotropic therapy of mycoplasmal infections consists in prescribing antibiotics: enrofloxacin, difloxacin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, tylosin, tilmicosin, tylvalosin, tiamulin, florfenicol, lincomycin, spectinomycin, tulathromycin. The results of studies described in different publications show high sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum to tetracyclines, tiamulin and tylvalosin. Isolates with increased resistance to tilmicosin are also resistant to tylosin and lincomycin. Treatment of respiratory infections in lambs, the main causative agents of which are Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma, has been successful with the use of fluoroquinolones, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis are largely sensitive to oxytetracycline, florfenicol and tulathromycin. Enrofloxacin has a less pronounced therapeutic effect. Tilmicosin and oxytetracycline are effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases of young cattle, associated with Mycoplasma spp. Tulathromycin and tilmicosin have a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of pneumonia in weaned piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Multiple (course) use of enrofloxacin significantly increases the therapeutic effect. Tilmicosin is effective in the control of other bacterial infections of pigs (pasteurellosis, streptococcosis, hemophilic polyserositis, infectious atrophic rhinitis).The general prophylaxis of mycoplasmal infections is to comply with veterinary and sanitary standards and to implement quarantine measures in the infection outbreak.

This article is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Review previously published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Original publication: Popp M, Stegemann M, Riemer M, Metzendorf MI, Romero CS, Mikolajewska A, et al. Antibiotics for the treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Version published: 22 October 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015025

Experiments with a model of intraperitoneal or intragastric lincomycin-induced fatal colitis indicated that eremomycin, vancomycin and ristomycin administered orally in daily doses of 100, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 5 days protected the animals from development of antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC), which was evident from prolongation of their life-span to 10-23 days against 3-9 days in the controls. Eremomycin administered intraperitoneally according to an analogous scheme protected the animals from development of AAC, prevented 45 per cent of the animals from death and prolonged the life-span of the other animals to 15-28 days against 3-9 days in the controls. Vancomycin administered intraperitoneally was somewhat more efficient. Still, unlike eremomycin it had a local irritating effect. The protective effect of ristomycin administered intraperitoneally was much lower than that of vancomycin and eremomycin.

IR spectra (1600-1800 and 3000-3650 cm-1) of lincomycin base solutions in inert (CCl4 and C2Cl4), proton acceptor (dioxane, dimethylsulfoxide and triethyl amine) and proton donor (CHCl3, CD3OD and D2O) solvents were studied. Analysis of the concentration and temperature changes in the spectra revealed that association in lincomycin in the inert solvents was due to intramolecular hydrogen linkage involving amide and hydroxyl groups. Disintegration of the associates after the solution dilution and temperature rise was accompanied by formation of intramolecular bonds stabilizing the stable conformation structure of the lincomycin molecule. The following hydrogen linkage in the conformation was realized: NH...N (band v NH...N at 3340 cm-1), OH...O involving the hydroxyl at C-7 and O atoms in the D-galactose ring (band v OH...O at 3548 cm-1), a chain of the hydrogen bonds OH...OH...OH in the lincomycin carbohydrate moiety (band v OH...O at 3593 cm-1 and v OH of the end hydroxyl group at 3625 cm-1). Bonds NH and C-O of the amide group were located in transconformation. Group C-O did not participate in the intramolecular hydrogen linkage.