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We used quantitative real-time PCR method to analyse mtDNA copy number in a random subsample (n=996; 358 men aged 66,31±7,24 years; 468 women aged 67,62±7,1 years) selected from a population cohort (n=9 630) examined at baseline in international project HAPIEE in Novosibirsk, Russia, in 2003-2005. The participants were re-examined after 12 years in 2015-2017. The average relative number of mtDNA copies in peripheral blood leukocytes was greater in women than in men, independently of age and smoking (p=0,001). mtDNA copy number was inversely correlated with age both in men (p=0,005) and women (p<0,001). In age adjusted analysis, mtDNA copy number was inversely associated with waist, hip and heart rate in both sexes. In addition, mtDNA copy number in women was inversely associated with triglycerides and glucose, aterogenity index and positively with HDL cholesterol. In men, mtDNA copy number was positively associated with physical activity. The age-adjusted mean of mtDNA copy number among male never-smokers was greater than in smokers (p=0,003), and the mean mtDNA copy number was lower in women with diabetes than in women without diabetes (p=0,005). In both sexes, subjects with baseline history of hypertension had lower mtDNA copy number after 12-year follow-up than those without hypertension (p=0,05). This broadly supports the hypothesis that mtDNA copy number may act as biomarker of ageing.

The effects of the Nothrombel on the formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes (PLCs) induced by thrombin was studied. It was shown, that Nothrombel dose-dependently inhibited the formation of PLCs. Its activity is higher than the activity of the comparison compounds Aspirin. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for Nothrombel is 1.75 mMol/mL, for Aspirin is much more than 2.5 mMol/mL. The inhibition mechanism of the PLCs formation by Nothrombel caused by the ability of this drug to inhibit the P-selectin translocation on the platelet membrane, the expression of membrane complex GPIb-IX-V, the mobilization of cytoplasmic calcium in platelets, as well as, apparently, its inhibitory effect on platelet P2Y12 purine receptors.

In every one case out often, the reason behind female infertility turns out to be an orphan disease called 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism', the single symptom of which is the reduced level of gonadotropins and, as a consequence, amenorrhea in females. Most often, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is caused by disorder in secretion of gonadoliberin, the product of gene GNRH1. However, the disease is heterogeneous one, so it may origin from either genetic or non-genetic causes. To study the genetic component of the disease pathogenesis, we conducted molecular-genetic analysis of 11 gene-candidates controlling synthesis and secretion of gonadoliberin as well as several gene-candidates functioning as neurodevelopmental and neuroendocrine regulators. In the study participated a group of patients afflicted by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of an isolated form (n = 10), and a control group of healthy women (n = 20). All women were of reproductive age, with no detected mutations in gene-candidates that could cause any pathological effect. The data on gene-candidates expression in white blood cells are indicative of an increased expression of gene GNRH1 in the sampled patients as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Other genes demonstrate heterogeneous expression both in the patients group and the control group. Thus, increased expression of gene GNRH1 in blood cells appears to be associated with the isolated form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and, in prospect, may be used as one of the disease markers.

The review covers the main functions of the family of adhesion molecules JAMs (Junctional adhesion molecules). This review provides information about the role of the molecules JAM-AH, JAM-BH and JAM-CF in the occurrence of pathological conditions, including diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and malignant growth. A molecule JAM-C and JAM-C directly affect platelet’s adhesion to endothelial and dendritic cells, neutrophils, and other types of leukocytes, which makes their involvement in the regulation of hemostasis, and migration processes. JAM-A has an effect on the inflammatory response, leading to impaired cognitive function in HIV infection. JAM-B is involved in suppression of tumor growth in patients with Down syndrome. It is described the role of molecule JAM-A and JAM-C in the pathogenesis of hypertension, hypertensive crisis, atherosclerosis, cardiac abnormalities in the syndrome of Jacobson. Molecules JAM-B and JAM-C reduce the growth and invasion of human gliomas, and JAM-A has static effect against breast cancer. JAM-A molecule, JAM-B and JAM-C are involved in the development of inflammatory reactions and pathological neoangiogenesis in the cornea. The molecule JAM-C is involved in differentiation and polarization photoreceptors of the retina. The review provides own data of the authors, suggests the presence of epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of expression of the family of molecules JAMs, carried out with the direct participation of peptide geroprotectors.

This study is an attempt to elucidate of agmatine effects upon leukocyte apoptosis in experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM). We demonstrated the increase in numbers of the leukocytes with both early and late signs of apoptosis at diabetes. Further changes in the morphofunctional state of the leukocytes include the increased amount of fragmented DNA, elevated apoptotic index and violated ratio of p53 to Bcl-2 proteins. Agmatine has been shown to exert direct corrective effects on leukocyte apoptosis: the content of р53 and Bcl-2 proteins was normalized, apoptotic index was decreased, the process of nuclear DNA degradation was ceased, while the amount of cells with early and late signs of apoptosis was diminished.

Atherosclerosis is associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules by vascular endothelium., Aim: to study endothelial expression of platelet endothelial cellular adhesion molecules (PECAM) (CD31), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1F) as well as T-cells and monocytes adhered to endothelium., Methods: Research materials were en face specimens.

The aim of this work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of circulating endotheliocytes, P-selectin-associated leukocyte and platelet of coogregation blood levels of endothelin, interleukin-6 students on the background of exam stress. The research was made on the group conditionally healthy volunteers aged MT 18.3 ± 1 years that before participating in the study had a medical examination (n = 15). Blood sampling was made three times: 1--three months before the session (in a normal school day, two hours after training sessions), 2--for 25 ± 10 min before the exam, 3 - 15 ± 10 min after the exam. Approved the development of endothelial dysfunction in the background of exam stress, manifested by increased levels of circulating endothelial cells and endothelin. The total number of leukocyte and platelet of coogregation during the semester, before and after the exam has not changed, while there was an increase outlets, due to the expression of P-selectin on red blood cells before the exam and precipitous decline after the exam.

The uterine tissues of female rats (n=30) with a scarred myometrium were examined by methods of light microscopy after the delivery. 1.5-2 months after the delivery no significant differences in the parameters of blood and lymph flow in the deep layers of the endometrium, myometrium and the myometrial scar tissue were found between the intact rats, nulliparous rats with a scarred uterus, rats that gave birth after laparotomy only and those that gave birth under the conditions of myometrial scar. In the course of pregnancy and labor activity, the damage of the tissues was observed not in the uterine scar proper, but at its borders with the myometrium. This is supported by the old hemorrhages and lymphostasis phenomena, greater number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and erythrocytes. In determining the indications and contraindications to vaginal childbirth in women with scarred uterus it is necessary to examine not only the scar proper, but also its border with the myometrium. The myometrial scar by itself, is not an absolute contraindication to vaginal delivery, the natural delivery is feasible in the absence of cavities with liquid and hemorrhages in the tissues of the uterine scar and at its border with myometrium.

It is shown that during incubation after UV irradiation (22-24 hours at 7-9 degrees C) irradiated isolated rabbit leukocytes release the compound(s) which induces platelets aggregation in the native platelet rich plasma. Treatment of the incubation media of irradiated leukocytes by heat (5 minutes at 100 degrees C) does not significantly change its pro-aggregation activity. Treatment of the platelet-rich plasma by the incubation media of irradiated leukocytes without stirring induces the refractoriness of platelets to ADP. The platelets treated by ADP without stirring do not react to the incubation media of irradiated leukocytes. The absorption spectrum of the incubation media of irradiated leukocytes has the maximum at 260 nm similar to that of the absorption spectra of ADP. It is possible that UVradiation induces the ADP release from leukocytes during post-irradiation incubation. Accumulation of this substance in the incubation media may be the cause of its pro-aggregation activity for native blood platelets.

The study of HIV-infected patients using new five-color panel CytoDiff for flow cytofluorometry revealed the imbalance in subpopulations of leukocytes. The manifestations consisted in significant decrease of total amount of lymphocytes and also CD16+ lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes and eosinocytes with synchronous increase of level of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes. After application to patients of highly active anti-retroviral therapy occurred decrease of viral load under synchronous increase of total level of lymphocytes, CD16+ lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and also decrease of amount of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes.

In recent years, the scientific publications about disorder the scientific publications appeared concerning derangement of content of alpha-defensins in neutrophils of patients with atherosclerosis. The interest increases both to different derangement of protein-synthesizing function of neutrophils and to biological effects caused by defensins and other peptides and proteins taking part in anti-microbial defense of human organism. With purpose to study content of alpha-defensins (1-3) and synthesis and liberation of other proteins and peptides by neutrophils the concentrations of alpha-defensins, lipoprotein (alpha), C-reactive protein, precursor of cerebral natriuretic peptide, coagulation factor VII and von Willebrand factor were determined in supernatants of leukocytal cultures in patients with exertional angina pectoris and atherosclerosis of lower extremities. The evaluation of loading test was implemented in vitro with alpha-tumor necrosis factor in vitro. Simultaneously, serum concentrations of cytokines and pro-atherogenic proteins were analyzed. It is established that in patients with ischemic heart disease derangement of protein-synthesizing function of neutrophils is observed. The derangement is manifested in the form of decrease of synthesis of alpha-defensins, increase of synthesis of lipoprotein (alpha), precursor of cerebral natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor. The pathogenic role of alpha-tumor necrosis factor is established. The increase of concentration of interleukin-8 in blood serum is revealed.

The issue of introduction of number of additions into actual scheme of blood formation is discussed. The long standing experience of laboratory diagnostic of oncologic hematological diseases in adults and children and the analysis of published data about normal blood formation are involved into consideration. The existence is surmised of common oligo-linear precursors for B-lymphocytes and monocytes, natural killer cells and monocytes and common cell-precursor of T-lymphocytes and dendrite cells as well. At the same time, the issue concerning the existence of human common cell-precursor of lymphization capable of differentiating into Band T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells is disputable.

The fluorescence intensity of acridine orange (AO) dye bound to living human leukocytes, rat leukocytes, and Pliss lymphosarcoma cells of rat has been studied by fluorescence microscopy. The cell suspension of each test was divided into two parts, to one of which the drug cisplatin was added to a final concentration of 0.1 μg/mL and the mixture was incubated for 20 - 60 min. Acridine orange was then added and the average intensity of red and green fluorescence of cells was determined. The brightness of AO in the green region of the spectrum was reduced approximately 3-fold (p = 0.001) in cells with cisplatin. In the red region of the fluorescence, differences in the brightness of cells with and without cisplatin were not observed. These data indicate that a decrease in the brightness of green fluorescence of AO can be a test for the presence of cisplatin in cells.

We have studied the intensity of barium sulfate stimulated luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCHL and SLCCHL) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) after pre-incubation of PML suspension with sodium salicylate, sodium metamizole, or sodium diclofenac at various concentrations in healthy donors and patients with intolerance to aspirin, and/or sodium metamizole, and/or sodium diclofenac. No significant differences of SLCHL and SLCCHL indicators in PML isolated from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to these drugs have been found, which indirectly indicates the absence of any specific features in the oxidative metabolism of PML enzymes under the influence of indicated NSAIDs in patients intolerant of these drugs as compared to donors.

Aim: To study the impact of simulated climatic conditions of the 2010 summer in Moscow on the telomere repeats of chromosomes in human blood cells., Materials and Methods: The climatic conditions of July-August 2010 in Moscow were simulated at the Medical Technical Complex, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences. The relative length of the telomeric repeats of blood cell chromosomes from 6 apparently healthy volunteers was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction., Results: These conditions were ascertained to lead to a statistically significant decline in the length of telomere repeats in the terminal portions of chromosomes by 15%., Conclusion: Environmental changes and abnormal temperature rises may result in oxidative stress accompanied by telomere shortening, which can be, in turn, a factor of premature aging.

A non-invasive method for the study of platelet aggregation and formation of leukocyte-erythrocyte-platelet aggregates as well as certain hemostatic parameters is proposed. The method is based on the speckle-analysis of coherent light scattering from the surface of erythrocytes moving in an artificially isolated vessel segment. It was shown that light scattering index significantly correlated with ADP-, adrenalin-, or collagen-induced platelet aggregation, with the formation of leukocyte-erythrocyte or platelet-erythrocyte aggregates, and with the levels of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes and related parameters. It is concluded that the proposed method for the study of hemostatic system can be used to roughly evaluate intensity of intravascular blood coagulation and probability of thrombosis.

Detection of cardiovascular risk factors remains a challenging problem. The inflammatory mechanisms behind atherosclerosis imply active involvement of neutrophils and realization of lipid-releasing ability of leukocytes (LRAL) mediated through the synthesis of proatherogenic proteins with the formation of protein-lipid complexes accumulated around atherosclerotic lesions. Studies of compromised protein-synthesizing function and mechanisms regulating LRAL are currently underway. The aim of the present work was to investigate serum markers of inflammation and LRAL in arterial hypertension (AH) without coronary heart disease (CHD) or AH + angina of effort. One group comprised 20 patients with AH without CHD the other included 20 patients with AH and CHD. Control group consisted of 18 healthy subjects. LRAL was measured in vitro in addition to serum IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and TNF-α. Effect of TNF-α on LRAL was evaluated in vitro in CHD patients. It was shown that mean LRAL in healthy subjects and patients with AH without CHD were not significantly different whereas IL-8 and CRP levels were markedly elevated in AH patients. Patients with AH and CHD had maximum LRAL and IL-6, IL-8, CRP, TNF-α levels. The study showed the possibility of increase in LRAL under effect of proinflammatory cytokines. LRFAL and inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the development of CHD and can be used for diagnostics of CHD in AH patients.

The chronic stress in albino rats caused by exposure to the whole-body vibration induced the significant changes in the functional-metabolic status of the blood cells. It involved the phagocytosis level and the lysosomal cationic proteins in the neutrophils, oxidative and hydrolytic processes in the neutrophils and lymphocytes. All the determined intracellular parameters revealed the differentiated response to stress as well as to the additive combined administration of the antioxidants (glycine and alpha-tocopherol acetate).

Cytochemical indices of peripheral blood leukocytes were investigated. The results allowed to estimate the level of the disease severity and to control the immunotropic therapy efficacy. Dysbalance of the interleukocytic microbicidical systems (IMS) of neutrophils reflected the nonspecific resisistance and the state of the phagocytic system as an objective criterion of the adaptation syndrome. Association of the deficiency of the IMS components and blood serum fibronectin were considered as a predisposition of bacterial complications. Cycloferon activated the phagocyte metabolic activity and promoted elimination of the main clinical symptoms of the disease (acute infective damage of the meninges, temperature elevation, intoxication signs), thus making shorter the hospitalization terms.

Concentrations of defensins-alpha, lipoprotein(α), C-reactive protein, proBNP, VII- coagulation factor and von Wilebrandt factor were measured in supernatants of 3-day leukocyte cultures enriched with neutrophils in order to estimate their synthesis in patients with stable angina and atherosclerosis of lower extremities. In addition, in vitro tumor necrosis factor-alpha test was performed. Simultaneously, concentrations of serum interleukine-6, -8, defensins-alpha, C-reactive protein, proBNP, VII-coagulation factor were determined. Neutrophil protein synthesis was impaired in the patients with stable angina. The same was true of defensins-alpha synthesis whereas production of lipoproteins, pro-BNP, C-reactive proteins, IL-8, and von Wilebrandt factor increased. Pathogenetic role of TNF-alpha was demonstrated.

Aim: Study of expression of cytokine genes in the process of cultivation of healthy donor leukocytes., Materials and Methods: RNA isolated before, after 3 and 24 hours of cultivation of leukocytes of 15 healthy donors aged 19 - 32 years was the object of the study. Study of the expression of genes of 8 cytokines by the level of their mRNA was performed by using polymerase chain reactionwith reverse transcription., Results: In healthy donors among with individual differences, general regularities were traced: higher levels of IFNalpha and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, as well as predominantly low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines., Conclusion: In most of the cases in the process of cultivation of leukocytes isolated from blood donors the highest level of gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is noted after 3 hours of cultivation, and expression of genes of anti-inflammatory cytokines remains constant for 24 hours of cultivation.

In 46 newborns, operated by the bowel obstruction, the leading symptom of determining the severity of the condition, was enteral insufficiency. The patients were divided into groups depending on the techniques of nutrition support. To determine the effectiveness of the conducted nutritive support carried out monitoring of anthropometric data, investigated leukocyte intoxication index level, determined free-radical peroxide lipid oxidation activity, evaluated autoimmunity. During the research it is established, that the technique of nutrition support, conducted in patients of the 2nd group, as well as the use of partially hydrolyzed mixtures are more effective and efficient, which is confirmed by the obtained dynamics of the above-mentioned data.

The comparative analysis of blood levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, the leukocytic intoxication index, amylase, lipase, lactatdehydrogenase and creatinphosphokinase, measured in operated patients with the acute pancreatitis, demonstrated the general positive dynamics of the patients condition. The higher blood levels of the substances in died patients demonstrate the important prognostic value of them. The higher levels of amylase, lipase, lactatdehydrogenase and creatinphosphokinase by the end of the clinical treatment together with the normalization of the rest laboratory data may witness the higher risk of the chronisation of the pancreatitis.

Characteristics of the clinical process of acute intestinal infection were studied. The main infection was salmonellosis. The intoxication syndrome was defined and its dynamics was estimated by the intoxication leukocytic index. The severity and intoxication syndrome level were characterized by the integral value or the level of the mean mass molecules. The infusion validity as pathogenetic treatment providing detoxication and normal hemostasis was shown. The favourable outcomes were observed to depend on the dynamics of the main clinical symptoms and the intoxication leukocytic index.

Dose-dependent interferonogenic activity and pharmacokinetics of cycloferon--a low-molecular inductor of interferon--have been studied in a group of 35 healthy volunteers. It is established that cycloferon induces the production of early alpha-IFN within 24 h from the moment of drug introduction. In a dose of 500 mg, the drug induces production of gamma-IFN by leukocytes in vitro within 24 h from the moment of introduction, with retention of the titer for 48 h. This proves the need for differentiated approach to a choice of the dose of cycloferon, depending on diseases in which complex treatment involving interferon inductors is required. After the introduction of cycloferon (500 mg) in healthy volunteers, the peak of drug concentration in the blood is observed in 40 min, with the subsequent considerable decrease within 2 h. Variation of the cycloferon concentration in the blood correlates with its content in urine, which is evidence for the drug elimination from organism through kidneys.

The present clinical and laboratory study of the effects of general air cryogenic therapy on the characteristics of blood supply included practically healthy subjects. The study has demonstrate that dosed cold stress promotes adaptive capacities of the organism by modulating the oxygen-transporting function of the blood that in its turn stimulates the adaptive mechanisms and leads to decoupling tissue respiration. It is concluded that general air cryogenic therapy can be recommended as an instrument for the improvement of endurance of and resistibility to the action of hypoxemia in special groups of people under the low temperature conditions.

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of HSV and/or CMV among the pathogens causing intrauterine infections (IUI) and to investigate their impact on the level of proinflammatory cytokines in premature neonatal infants. Examinations were performed in 3 neonatal groups: 1) premature neonates with clinical manifestations of IUI; 2) those without IUI; 3) full-term newborns. In group 1, viral (HSV and/or CMV) and bacterial infections were detectable with the same frequency. Quantitative analysis of plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels and the induced production of these cytokines by blood cells in vitro showed that in Group 1 neonates, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were substantially higher and the induced production of these cytokines was lowerthan those in Group 3. The detection of HSV and/or CMV markers in premature newborn infants was attended by a statistically significant rise in plasma IL-6 levels; the identification of the opportunistic bacterial microflora correlated with the higher concentration of IL-8. In Group 1, wiferon produced an immunomodulatory effect, by lowering IL-8 concentrations to the level observed in Group 3.

The article covers study concerning influence of coal rock dust and high fluorine concentrations on energy metabolism and oxidation-reduction reactions in blood WBC of experimental rats. The authors demonstrated that the cells vary in response to long action of coal rock dust and high fluorine concentrations.

The effects of the new chemical substance BIV-30 on bone marrow hemopoiesis has been studied in laboratory mices on the background of myelosupression induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphan in a dose 160 mg/kg. The injection of BIV-30 significantly accelerated lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte regeneration branches of bone-marrow hemopoiesis. These results showed evidence of the hemostimulating activity of BIV-30 on the model of bone-marrow hemopoiesis deficiency.

Aim: To study characteristics of leukocytic infiltration of the liver in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CVHB and CVHC) with consideration of hepatitis activity and fibrosis severity., Material and Methods: The examination of 37 patients with CVHB (n = 13) and CVHC (n = 24) included liver puncture biopsy by Mengini, subsequent histological and morphological investigation of liver biopsy with immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry., Results: In CVHB and CVHC patients leukocytic infiltrates (LI) of the liver present primarily with T-lymphocytes (CD3+), NKT cells (CD3+CD16+CD56+), NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T-regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+). Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) and NK cells (CD16+CD56+) detected in hepatic LI of patients with chronic viral hepatitis are similar in composition with cells in hepatic tissue infiltrates in autoimmune hepatitis. We are the first to detect the complex of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+) in hepatic parenchyma of these patients. This complex suppresses cellular immune response in virus elimination and damaged tissues and supports development of persistent viral infection with autoimmune component., Conclusion: The complex of T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+) isolated in hepatic LI evidences for existence of a morphofunctional base for autoimmune manifestations in the presence of persistent viral infection.

Polymorphism of adiponectine (APM1) gene in +276G > T position was studied. For this research we used blood samples of 103 donors (men/women: 65/38; 70 Ukrainian, 33 Russian) - habitants of Kharkiv. Frequencies of T and G alleles were pT = 0.55 and pG = 0.45 in a general group. They did not meaningfully differentiate either for men and women or for Russians and Ukrainians. Distribution of genotypes did not correspond to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: share of heterozygotes was 1.55 times higher than selectively-neutral value, share of TT homozygote is 0.55, and GG homozygote is 0.33 of equilibrium value.

The basal and in vitro pyrogenal-stimulated nitric oxide-producing capabilities of leukocytes versus their oxygen-producing and phagocytic activity were studied in patients with chronic recurrent furunculosis during remission (n=62) and exacerbation (n=12). The basal nitric oxide-producing activity of leukocytes was found to be similar. The stimulated leukocyte cultures from the patients showed mainly a perverted reaction--suppression of nitric oxide production instead of its increase detectable in donors. A direct correlation was found between the nitric oxide-producing activity of leukocytes and the results of HCT test in healthy individuals and patients during exacerbation rather than remission.

The optimum time of exposure of the Essentiale N hepatoprotector with an erythrocyte-leukocyte suspension has been determined in vitro using the blood of healthy donors. Variation of the drug distribution in the blood depending on the exposure time was studied by the method of UV absorption spectroscopy. It is established that the optimum exposure of Essentiale N with an erythrocyte-leukocyte suspension is about 10 min. This corresponds to a minimum concentration of Essentiale N in the supernatant phase, which is evidence for the maximum saturation of the cell composition by the preparation. At the same time, the degree of hemolysis does not exceed the normal physiological level.

The aim of this work was to evaluate selected parameters of oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) at the stages of eu- and hypothyroidism. The lymphocytes were shown to accumulate superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and TBA-active products in association with the decrease of major enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Changes in free radical oxidation and activity of key antioxidative enzymes in AIT patients proved unidirectional.

Aim of the study was to assess participation in development of restenosis of circulating in blood progenitor cells of stromal line of differentiation and polymorphonuclear granulocytes. We compared levels of osteonectin positive progenitor cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils in blood of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in whom according to data of angiographic study after endovascular myocardial revascularization with the help of stents with drug coating (Cypher, Cordis Corp, USA) restenosis was detected (n=15), in patients without restenosis (n=23), and in healthy persons (n=17). Levels of stromal progenitor cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes in blood were measured with the help of methods of flow cytometry. In groups of patients with IHD with and without restenosis number of osteonectin positive cells in blood was higher than in healthy subjects (2.4+/-0.7 and 2.5+/-0.9 vs 1.5+/-0.5 cells/ microL, respectively, p=0.004) without significant differences between groups (p=0.59). These 2 groups of patients did not differ by numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils, and basophils in blood. At the same time we found that in patients with restenosis number of eosinophils in blood was significantly greater than in the group of patients without restenosis (262+/-68 vs 124+/-67 cells/ microL, respectively p<0.001). Moreover in patients with level of eosinophils exceeding 170 cells/ microL rate of development of restenosis was 74% against 5% in patients with number of eosinophils less than 170 cells/ microL (p<0.001). Thus level of stromal progenitor cells in blood of patients with IHD was higher than in healthy persons and remained equally high in groups with and without restenosis. Number of blood eosinophilic leukocytes in patients who had been subjected to coronary stenting in whom later restenosis developed was significantly higher than in patients without restenosis. The data obtained indicate at the presence of link between development of in - stent restenosis and elevated content of eosinophilic granulocytes in blood of patients with IHD.

Aim: to evaluate the effect of Taqi genotypes of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism on bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk for secondary osteoporosis (OP) in patients on programmed hemodialysis., Subjects and Methods: Eighty-two patients treated with long-term hemodialysis were examined. Along with physical examination, osteodensitometry was carried out and VDR gene polymorphism was studied in all the patients., Results: OP in the study skeletal parts was more common in the TT-genotype group. The serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were also higher in the TT-genotype group. However, the diferences were statistically insignificant between the TT-, Tt-, and tt- genotype groups. BMD was lowest in each study skeletal parts in the TT-genotype group and this difference was statistically significant in the proximal femur, which was estimated by the Z index (p = 0.02)., Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the hypothesis that the VRD gene is a genetic determinant of bone metabolism in patients with chronic renal disease who receive long-term hemodialysis.

A number of interleukins and iron metabolic parameters were studied in acute leukemia over time. Regulation of hemopoiesis and the cytokine network has been found to be impaired, which appears as the increased synthesis of ferritin and hepsidin by macrophages that are activated by imbalance in the cytokine network. A severe impairment of the parameters responsible for a regulatory process is shown to occur in leukemia. There is no complete normalization of these parameters during hematological remission, which is likely to lead to a further relapse of leukemic process.

The interaction of 13,15-N-(3'-hydroxypropyl)cycloimide of chlorin p(6) (CIC) with normal blood cells and human K562 and HL60 myeloid leukemia cells was studied. CIC was found to be bound by the erythrocyte membrane but did not penetrate into the cytoplasm. It is characterized by a diffuse distribution in the cytoplasm of normal leukocytes, whereas its diffuse distribution in K562 and HL60 cells is accompanied by perinuclear accumulation and binding to the plasma membrane. The average cytoplasmic concentration corresponding to the CIC accumulation in leukemic cells at saturation is 2.2 to 2.6 times higher than that in normal leukocytes. CIC is more intensely accumulated in granulocytes than in lymphocytes. The kinetics of the cellular uptake and efflux was characterized. The normal leukocytes and erythrocytes were found to be 1.5 times and 3 to 4 times less sensitive, respectively, to the photodynamic action of CIC than the K562 and HL60 cells.

Choline chloride in complex with the main cryophylactic (1,2-propanediol) preserves morphological integrity and functional activity of blood nuclears after freezing to -40 degrees C by the exponential program.

Interferon-alpha was detected in IFN pool produced by human leukocytes in the presence of gamma-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal-modified gamma-globulins. The cytokine appeared in culture medium at early terms (24 h) of incubation, is characterized by acid resistance, and is neutralized by antibodies to IFN-alpha. The content of IFN-alpha in supernatants of induced leukocytes reached 60-90 pg/ml and correlated with antiviral activity of the samples. Zinc bound to human serum gamma-globulin attenuated and copper stimulated the realization of IFN-inducing characteristics of the protein at early terms of incubation.

Research aims to find out best medical therapy in treatment of critical patients. The treatment of the critical patients by a combination of the skin surface plasma radiation, external electrical pacing and i.v. infusion of adequate dozes of nitroglycerine in comparison with traditional methods of treatment within first two weeks promote to stable, besides statistically significant growth of the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells quantity, including precursor and immunocompetent cells, erythrocytes, leucocytes, especially its young forms and thrombocytes, normalizes the respiratory and metabolic components of the acid-base balance, increases surviving of the patients, reduces frequency of complications and category of the invalidity and the cost and duration of the treatment.

One of the major cardiovascular risk factor which predisposes to and accelerates atherosclerosis is arterial hypertension (AH). To determine the molecular basis of the crosslink between AH and atherosclerosis for the development of new treatment strategies large-scale transcriptome analysis of the cells implicated in atherogenesis is needed. We used cDNA microarray technique for simultaneous analysis of gene expression in human abdominal aorta normal sites and atherosclerotic lesions of different histological types, as well as in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with essential hypertension (EH) and donors. The microarray data were verified by quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction) and immunohistochemical analysis. Differential expression of 40 genes has been found, among which twenty two genes demonstrated up-regulation and 18 genes demonstrated down-regulation in atherosclerotic aorta compared with normal vessel. New gene-candidates, implicated in atherogenesis, have been identified - FPRL2, CD37, CD53, RGS1, LCP1, SPI1, CTSA, EPAS1, FHL1, GEM, RHOB, SPARCL1, ITGA8, PLN, and COL14A1. These genes participate in cell migration and adhesion, phenotypic changes of smooth muscle cells, immune and inflammatory reactions, oxidative processes and extracellular matrix remodeling. We have found increased expression levels of CD53, SPI1, FPRL2, SPP1, CTSD, ACP5, LCP1, CTSA and LIPA genes in peripheral blood leukocytes from EH patients and in atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta. The majority of these genes significantly (p<0.005) positively (r>0.5) correlated with AH stage as well as with histological grading of atherosclerotic lesions.

Our study showed that protamine (80% w/w to DNA) effectively protected its molecules from degradation by native nucleases of the mammalian blood serum. Exogenous DNA bound to protamine effectively stimulated restoration of cyclophosphamide-induced leukopoiesis in mice. It is suggested that the phenomenon was due to repair processes taking place in hemopoietic stem cells damaged by a cross-linking cytostatic drug such as cyclophosphamide. DNA dosage may be reduced and the original DNA fragment size maintained by DNA binding to protamine. As a result, it might involve longer DNA fragments into repair processes of homologous recombination and eventually increase the cell's chances of getting rid of extensive damage.

Alert Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with sodium nitrite (3 mg/100 g body weight), the control group rats were injected with saline. The blood was taken in 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the injection. Total leucocyte quantity and their subpopulations, the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent phagocytosis by neutrophils, functional activity of T-lymphocytes and their responsiveness to neurotransmitters and sodium nitrite and sodium nitrite and basal cell activity mobility were studied. It was shown that a more obvious alteration of the lymphocyte number, an increase of migratory and cytokine-productive activity, as well as augmentation of the cell sensitivity response to sodium nitrite and acetylcholine occurred in 30 minutes after the nitric oxide donor injection. At the same time, the neutrophil radical-productive activity and quantity of cationic peptides in neutrophils remained unchanged during nitric intoxication. At a later time, the leucocyte state did not change as compared with the control parameters.

The aim of this study was to evaluate some patterns in expression of CC-chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MCP-1, RANTES) and their receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5) in peripheral blood leukocytes and liver biopsy samples from 21 patients with chronic hepatitis C. 10 healthy subjects were included in the control group. In patients with chronic HCV-infection significant increase of MCP-1 mRNA in liver tissue was observed as the disease progressed. Moreover, content of MCP-1 mRNA was significantly higher in liver as compared with blood. Level of MCP-1 mRNA in liver was directly related with histological changes. Levels of mRNA of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 in blood of patients with minimal histological manifestations of chronic HCV-infection were significantly lower than in patients with more marked lesions. Expression of CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA in blood was directly correlated with histological activity index and degree of fibrosis. Conducted study demonstrates that progression of chronic hepatitis C is realized through local activation of MCP-1 mRNA synthesis leading to systemic response which manifested by increase of expression of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 in peripheral blood leukocytes.

The beta-endorphin 10(-7-)-10(-11) M in LPS (lypopolisaccharide) presence and in spontaneous cultures promoted the IL-1beta production in mixed leukocyte fraction. LPS-induced IL-8 production in leukocyte fraction was inhibited by beta-endorphin 10(-7), 10(-11) M. The enchasing effect of beta-endorphin on IL-1beta production was not blocked by naloxone and naltrindole. The inhibitory effect of beta-endorphin on IL-8 production was blocked by naloxone and naltrindole. In mononuclear and neutrophile fractions beta-endorphin and delta-agonist DADLE enchased IL-1beta production in spontaneous and LPS-stimulating cultures, when IL-8 production inhibited beta-endorphin and delta-agonist DADLE only in LPS presence. No effect of mu-agonist DAGO were observed on IL-1beta production, whereas LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in neutrophile fraction inhibited by DAGO.

The study of an interferon-inducing action of neuropeptides (a cerebrolysin model) on production of interferons by human blood leukocytes has shown that neuropeptides induce gamma-interferon production in the titer 267 IU/ml that determines one of the mechanisms of a neuroimmunocorrecting effect of cerebrolysin (Ebewe, Austria) in many neurological diseases (acute stroke, brain traumas and different neuroinfectious diseases).