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The aim of the research was to establish a qualitative composition and to determine the quantitative content of fatty acids of Crambe cordifolia Steven and Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves. Materials and methods. Leaves of the Crambe cordifolia Steven and Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch were selected as the objects of the study. The raw materials were provided by the Department of cultural flora of M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The leaves were collected in summer 2018. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids were determined by the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry using chromatograph Agilent 6890N with mass detector 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. Seven fatty acids were found in the Crambe cordifolia Steven leaves, among which four are saturated, two are polyunsaturated, and one is monounsaturated. Quantitatively dominated α-linolenic (9.68 mg/g, 47.87 % of the total content of all identified fatty acids), palmitic (4.88 mg/g, 24.14%), and linoleic (1.84 mg/g; 9.10 %) acids. The other fatty acids were 18.89 %. Among the twelve fatty acids identified in the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves, eight belong to saturated, two to polyunsaturated and two to monounsaturated. Quantitatively dominated α-linolenic (8.84 mg/g, 42.95 %), linoleic (2.36 mg/g, 11.47 %), and palmitic (4.53 mg/g, 22.01 %) acids. Conclusions. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids were determined in the Crambe cordifolia Steven and the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch leaves by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the first time. Quantitative content of seven fatty acids was identified and determined in the Crambe cordifolia Steven while in the Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch were twelve fatty acids. Linoleic and α-linolenic acids dominate in the studied objects.

Effects of linoleic acid and its oxidation products (with 75--80% content of hydroperoxide) on isolated succinate dehydrogenase were studied by means of spectrophotometry and ESR-spectroscopy. It was shown that unlike the unoxidized acid, low concentrations of its oxidation products increased catalytic activity, while its high concentrations of its oxidation products increased catalytic activity, while its high concentrations brought about a decrease of SH-group content and the amplitude of ESR signal of reduced nonheme iron in the enzyme.

By studying fluorescent parameters of ionic and neutral probes the kinetics of complex formation between the molecules of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and unsaturated fatty acids was investigated. The following regularities were observed: 1. Unlike the saturated fatty acids the unsaturated ones changed fluorescent parameters of the probes according to the cooperative mechanism, significantly decreasing the quantum yield values; 2. Temperature dependence of the fluorescence of both probe types in the complexes BSA -- oleic acid and BSA -- linole acid shows some bends at t=30--39 degrees C for which the lipid components is responsible.

Kinetics of free radical lipid peroxidation, induced by Fe2+ in presence of ascorbic acid, was studied in phospholipid membranes. The maximal rate of peroxidative oxidation was observed at 2.5 muM concentration of Fe2+, in this case a half of the maximal amount of peroxidative oxidation products was formed within 20-30 min at 20 degrees and at 200 muM concentration of ascorbic acid. The rate of peroxidative oxidation depended on addition of substances modifying the membrane structure (linoleic acid, cetyl trimethylammonium, Tween-60, derivatives of phenothiazol). Charge of the membrane surface was shown to have a distinct effect on the peroxidative oxidation. Loosening of membranes by non-ion detergent (Tween-60) increased the rate of the process, whereas the increase of the membranes rigidity by cholesterol did not cause any effect. Uneffectiveness of cholesterol is discussed with relation to diffusion of radicals, participating in peroxidative oxidation, from depth of the membrane to its surface and in the opposite direction.

Mechanisms of formalin--induced luminescence of protein-lipid complexes have been studied. Free radical reactions of lipid oxidation were shown to be necessary for generating luminescence quanta. The luminescence intensity was mostly promoted by fluorescing products formed in the reoxidized system protein-lipid. Formalin-induced flash of luminescence in these systems may evidently serve as an express-method for analysing protein sample contamination with unsaturated lipids.

Non-pedigree rats were injected subcutaneously either overheated oil or the oil and one of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, oleic acids), or overheated oil and fresh oil. The greatest number of tumors in earlier terms occurred in the group of rats not receiving fatty acids. In simultaneous injection of overheated sunflower oil and fatty acids (oleic and linolenic), as well as fresh oil, tumors would arise considerably more rarely. Whereas, in injection of overheated sunflower oil and linoleic acid tumors did not arise at all. The mechanism of an inhibitory action of fatty acids on tumor development is discussed.

The nature of fluorescence in UV and visible apectrum region of autooxidizing unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids was partially determined by UV-adsorption, polarography in the system of organic solvents and thin layer chromatography.

An original scheme of chemoluminescence of unsaturated fat acids is suggested on the basis of analysing the kinetics of peroxide formation, chemoluminescence and fluorescence of linole acid. The agreement of the model with literature and our own experimental data is shown by the method of analogue modelling.

The validity of Nernst law for oxidative-reductive pair Fe3+:Fe2+ and absence of reproducible potential for pure solution of linoleic acid is shown. The value of Eo is calculated. It is found by comparing ORP values and spectrophotometrically measured concentrations of hydroperoxides that: 1) the rate of accumulation of hydroperoxides is determined by the initial concentration bivalent ferrum salt and seems not to depend on the kinetics of further change of ORP in the system; 2) during oxidation of linoleic acid the stationary concentration of Fe3+:Fe2+=40:1 is established which is independent of the initial concentration of ferrum ions; 3) ORP zone necessary for maximum rate of catalysis of free radical oxidation of linoleic acid in methanol lies in a more positive region than normal ORP of the pair Fe3+:Fe2+.