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The climatic features of the Murmansk region (low average annual temperature; insignificant number of sunny days) do not contribute to the effective use of natural methods of drying aquatic organisms and determine the use of artificial dehydration methods using appropriate equipment. The capabilities of ship fish processing complexes are limited; highly productive coastal fish processing plants are required to supply the population with fish products. The development and testing of new drying modes has been carried out using a small-sized drying unit UPOR-M2. In the course of the study, a drying unit modernization project has been developed, equipment has been selected (thermal imaging system; damper and fan control modules), the system has been modernized and a number of experiments has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of the work performed. The modernization of the drying unit has made it possible to increase the accuracy of the data obtained by 25 % (temperature), 20 % (relative humidity), 18 % (weight), to implement remote control of the processes and to ensure reliable operation of the drying system. Further research of different drying modes for aquatic organisms should include upgrading the air supply control system and improving communication equipment.

Introduction. The clinical guidelines recommend performing extended pelvic lymph node dissection for patients with intermediateor high-risk cancer prostate. The incidence of lymphocele development reaches 10.3%.Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the drug Lymphoblock after radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.Materials & methods. The study involved 79 patients with prostate cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, that were randomized into three treatment groups: 1. Patients with free peritoneal flap fixed to the pubic bone (n = 26); 2. Patients who received Lymphoblock: during the surgery (n = 26); 3. Control group (n = 27). The median follow-up was 180 d.Results. In postoperative period lymphocele was diagnosed in 8 (10.1%) patients: group 1 — 2 (7.7%) patients, group 2 — 1 (3.8%), group 3 — 5 (18.5%). Lymphocele had no clinical manifestation in group patients who received Lymphoblock.Conclusions. Preliminary results of Lymphobloc use indicate that it can reduce the incidence of lymphogenic complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Authigenic carbonate minerals, together with clayey matter, play a leading role in the cementation of terrigenous phaneromorphic (granular) rocks. Studying the regularities of carbonate authigenesis is of primary importance for oil and gas geology. Due to a sharp change in the tectonic regime (neotectonic stage of the development of the oil and gas basin), dislocation epigenesis is regionally superimposed on the catagenetic zonation (the leading role of load pressure and increase in conductive heating temperatures). Like catagenesis, it has a regional character, but its intensity, both in section and laterally, varies widely, determined primarily by shear tectonics. The most striking indicator of this radical change is the replacement of ankerite with siderite. The most important feature of siderite is the presence of varying degrees of pronounced hatching, which is characteristic of shear plastic (micro)deformations. This, on the one hand, allows to consider late epigenetic siderite as a tectonophysical indicator, and on the other hand, it indicates a radical change in the tectonic regime, thanks to which catagenesis is replaced by dislocation epigenesis. This allows to draw conclusions that are extremely important for elucidating the mechanisms of formation of oil and gas deposits in general and in deep-seated complexes in particular. So, summarizing the results of research on carbonate minerals of deep-seated secondary reservoirs, we have grounds for defining a fundamentally new stage in their use as indicators of certain stages of epigenesis. At one time, researchers were able to determine a number of chemical-mineralogical and structural parameters of calcite and other carbonates, which made it possible to use carbonate cements as indicators of diagenesis – initial epigenesis (protocatagenesis) and deep epigenesis (meso-apocatagenesis). Now they can be used not only as indicators of various stages of epigenesis, including dislocation epigenesis and hypogenic allogenesis, but also as indicators of tectonophysical factors in the formation of productive secondary reservoirs, in particular, those formed at the neotectonic stage of NGB formation.

The national drifting station “North Pole-22” (NP -22 or SP -22) had been opened on September 13, 1973 in the Arctic on the big ice island and operated for 3130 days. Now it is the longest operating observational station in the history of Arctic studies of the USSR and the Russian Federation. For eight and a half years, its total drift amounted 17,069 km. During that period a wide complex of scientific programs in oceanography, geophysics, meteorology, glaciology, hydrography, hydrobiology was carried out here. In addition, field tests and implementation of new types of scientific instruments and introduction of new expeditionary polar equipment into the observation practice were performed. For the first time in the practice of the drifting NP/SP stations, oblique sounding of the ionosphere, observations of fine thermohaline structure of waters of the active layer of the Arctic Ocean were carried out. Geographical coordinates of the station drift were determined using Soviet satellite navigation systems; a complex for recording satellite images of the ice cover was deployed; investigations of the arctic ecosystems were made. Specific experiments were conducted aimed at the natural decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons by the ultraviolet solar radiation. The ice airfield of this station received 1,511 flights of aircraft and helicopters, delivering 2,961 tons of expedition cargos. Landings on this airfield were provided by flight teams of the High-Latitude Air Expedition “Sever” of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and the Hydrographic Service of the Northern Fleet. Foreign specialists repeatedly visited the station. For the nine rotations of polar explorers who worked at the NP/SP-22, its personnel amounted to 249 people, many of them several times worked at this drifting station in different years. The work of the NP/SP-22 team was appreciated by the government authorities of the USSR.

In the world, the scale of development of secondary reservoirs in decompaction rock bodies in a wide formation range is steadily increasing: from the crystalline basement of different ages of various oil and gas-bearing basins to terrigenous deposits with reduced primary porosity and carbonate formations. Development of hydrocarbon resources associated with secondary reservoirs of deep-seated complexes is the most important strategic direction of geological exploration. The results presented in this article are of fundamental importance, since they are based, firstly, mainly on the study of the core of deep-lying complexes, and secondly, on a significantly different (than in previous works) methodology (wide application of electron microscopic scanning with X-ray spectral probing and diffractometry), thirdly (and most importantly) – on a significantly different ideology. It is based on the concept of different genetic types of post-sedimentation transformations. Along with diagenesis and catagenesis, it is dislocation epigenesis and hypogene allogenesis with specific geodynamic and geothermodynamic regimes, including the special role of structural temperatures and pressures. In oil and gas-bearing basins of the continental-riftogenic (aulacogenic) type, the final stage of regional epigenesis is dislocation epigenesis with zonal and local manifestation of hypogene allogenesis. Gas and gas condensate deposits, as well as the main part of oil and heterophase deposits, are associated with this stage. The established regularities of the formation of secondary reservoirs are of particular importance for the effective development of the hydrocarbon potential of great depths.

The objective was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of various surgical techniques for early stabilization of the rib cage in comparison with conservative treatment tactics. The authors attached great importance to the search for predictors of an unfavorable outcome in patients with severe combined trauma.Materials and methods. This multicenter, non-randomized, open, retro- and prospective cohort study included 65 patients with chest trauma. Pa tients were categorized into three groups depending on the technique of restoration of the disturbed thoracic skeleton. Group 1 included 19 patients with the age of 39.9 ± 2.4 years and severity of MODS-II scale 4.0 ± 0.6, ISS 24.1 ± 1.8 points. In this group, submersible constructs were used to restore sternal reconstruction. Group 2 included 24 patients aged 30.9 ± 2.4 years with MODS-II severity score of 4.3 ± 0.5, ISS 27.1 ± 1.0 points. The stabilization of the frame was carried out using the technique of fixation of the bones of the ribs and sternum with an external fixation device (AVF). Frame stabilization was performed according to the technique of fixation of rib and sternum bones with external fixation apparatus (EFA). Group 3 contained 22 patients aged 48.6 ± 2.9 years with severity of MODS-II scale 3.9 ± 0.3, ISS 24.3 ± 1.3 points and conservative treatment tactics.Results. The respiratory biomechanics parameters in groups 1 and 2 had no statistically significant differences after 24 hours of the surgical interven tion and stabilized the rib cage. The exception concerned increased CO2 accumulation and a distinct tendency to decrease lung tissue extensibility (Slang) in the group 1, which could indicate restriction of chest excursion. The analysis of correlation between clinical and laboratory parameters and lethal outcome indicated that unfavorable outcome was most closely related to prolonged prehospital time, initial severity of the condition according to SOFA and APACHE II integral scales, as well as to the development of acute kidney injury and uncompensated tissue hypoxia.Conclusion. The comparison of the three treatment methods showed that each of them has its own advantages: the technique of surgical treatment using submersible structures is characterized by the greatest aggressiveness for the victim, limits the excursion of the chest in accordance with the biomechanics of respiration, which contributes to the aggravation of tissue hypoxia, but reduces the duration of treatment and financial costs. The least expensive, but comparable in aggressiveness, is the method of hardware fixation. The most sparing for the patient, although lengthening the time of treatment and, accordingly, its cost, is the conservative method of management. Thus, the choice of surgical tactics is left to the attending physician and the patient.

Investigation of inulin and the possibilities of its use is a relevant and important scientific and practical task. The goal is to study the features of the structural organization of inulin and analyze the possibilities of its use. The object and methods of the research. The object of the research was inulin obtained from Jerusalem artichoke roots. Photography (macro photography) was carried out using a SONY NEX-5N camera (Thailand). The microstructure was studied using an Olympus CX41RF light microscope (magnification 40, 100 and 400 times), ALTRA 20 Soft Imaging Sistem camera (Japan). IR absorption spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 1000 single-beam Fourier spectrometer in the spectral range of 400–4000 cm–1 with a spectral slit width of 4 cm–1; the recording time for one spectrum was about 2 min. The literature search on the problem was carried out in the databases of RSCI, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed using keywords and phrases: «inulin», «inulin structure», «inulin properties», «use of inulin», «fructo-oligosaccharides».The results and their discussion. Analysis of the IR spectrum has confirmed that inulin is a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues. Studies of the morphology of inulin using light microscopy have shown that inulin is organized in the form of pseudocrystalline formations. In a medium of 96% ethyl alcohol, the central (in the form of a dark circle) and peripheral parts (in the form of a translucent circle that envelops the central dark circle), as well as small parts of inulin (in the form of dark dots) separating from the main pseudocrystalline formations, are clearly visible. There is a wide variety of foods fortified with inulin. It has been established that inulin concentrations used for food fortification vary widely depending on the type of food product, ranging from 0.75 to 50%. The prebiotic effect of inulin has been proved, but its interaction with various food matrices is a complex process, and it is not always technologically beneficial for the product. In addition to sensory, physicochemical and rheological characteristics, it is also necessary to measure characteristics such as prebiotic content of foods and determine prebiotic activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as evaluate potential adverse reactions in order to determine scientifically based doses of inulin for consumers.Conclusion. The obtained IR spectrum confirms the known chemical structure of inulin. Morphological studies of inulin using light microscopy indicate the creation of pseudocrystalline formations by inulin in a medium of glycerol and 96% ethyl alcohol. Inulin can be widely used in various foods as an important biologically active substance.

High air permeability and the presence of thermal bridges at the junctions of wooden frame wall panels have a significant impact on the thermal balance of the building and its operational characteristics. The importance of improving the energy efficiency of nodal interfaces of panels with a wooden frame is undeniable. To date, there is no single generally accepted method for calculating heat losses through nodal interfaces of panels with a wooden frame. Based on the analysis carried out, it is necessary to carry out calculations and measurements that allow creating this calculation methodology. To carry out numerical studies, a list of characteristics and parameters affecting their conduct is formulated: the influence of the thickness of a li-ear-discrete inclusion on the heat-protective properties of the panel docking unit; the thermal conductivity characteristics of the material used to fill linear-discrete inclusions affecting the heat flux density of the node interface; consideration of the influence of the outdoor temperature of air depending on different climatic zones on the density of heat flow. The dependences of the heat flux density on the "inner" surface of the experimental samples on the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material of the insulating insert, the width of the insulating insert and the outside air temperature were revealed and the nature of the temperature distribution on the "inner" surface of the prototypes was established. By calculating two-dimensional temperature fields in the cross section of the node, isofields of temperature distribution inside the structure, isofields of heat flux density and its direction, lines of temperature distribution and heat flux density along the inner and outer surfaces are obtained. It was found that the heat flux density in the ribs with heat-insulating inclusions is lower in comparison with solid wood parts by an amount from 13% to 52%.

This article considers the process of optimizing the time and convenience of taking academic debts by creating a Telegram bot that automatically sends students notifications about debts and indicates the day when they can be passed. One of today’s popular platforms for deploying bots is the Telegram messenger. The peculiarity of a system implemented with the help of a bot is its ease of use and minimization of resources spent on software storage, which greatly simplifies interaction with the system. Purpose – create a tool for passing academic debts, interaction with the database created in Google Table, interaction with the participants of the educational process online, which saves personal time of students and teachers. Method or methodology of the work: the article deals with the method which implements the delivery of academic debts by creating Telegram bot. To implement it we use a database available to all teachers, updated in real time, created in Google Tables and the C# programming language. Result: developed a unique tool that implements functions of adding, storing, interacting and 24/7 access to academic debts data. Scope of the results: data on debts stored in the database and updated by teachers is useful for monitoring each student about his debts in educational institutions.

Objectives. To develop the procedures for synthesis of hybrid molecules with potential anti-tubercular activity containing heterocyclic cores of 4-nitroimidazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole within the framework of a double-drug strategy and predict bioactivity of target structures and drug-likeness physicochemical parameters.Methods. Target compounds were prepared by classical organic synthesis methods. The structure of the obtained compounds was characterized by melting points, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The calculation of the physicochemical parameters of the target compounds and prediction of their biological activity were carried out using publicly available software for cheminformatics and molecular modeling.Results. Acylation of propargylamine with (2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic and (4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acids provided the corresponding amides, which were cyclized with seven different benzylamines in the presence of zinc triflate. In this way, seven new compounds were obtained at 20–30% yields. Ten arylamines were acylated with chloroacetyl chloride and the resulting chloroacetamides were converted into corresponding thio-oxahydrazides by the Willgerodt–Kindler reaction. Following acylation by (4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid, these compounds were converted into the target hybrid imidazolyl-thiadiazoles at 29–54% yields.Conclusions. Two series of new heterocyclic compounds with a hybrid structure including a privileged 4-nitroimidazole moiety linked to the second heterocycle, imidazole, or thiadiazole, were obtained. The synthesis and characterization of compounds by physicochemical methods was aimed at searching for anti-tuberculosis activity. The bioactivity potential of target compounds was demonstrated by preliminary calculations performed using public prognostic programs.

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer has taken a step forward due to the introduction of fine-needle biopsy of the thyroid gland with subsequent evaluation of cytological material using the Bethesda system. One category of this classification traditionally remains a gray area of diagnosis. The detection of a follicular tumor in the cytological material (category IV according to Bethesda) does not allow one to reliably classify the neoplasia as benign or malignant and requires surgical intervention. The traditional informative and widely used method for diagnosing thyroid tumors is ultrasound. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the method varies over a wide range. This review analyzes the literature on the possibilities of ultrasound diagnostics in assessing the malignant potential of follicular tumors of the thyroid gland.

Introduction Improving the results of treatment and rehabilitation is essential for polytrauma patients. The aim of the study was to prove the effectiveness of terahertz electromagnetic waves (TEW) in polytrauma patients early after traumatic event to improve immune parameters. Material and methods The study included 20 polytrauma patients who were divided into two groups. Patients of the treatment group (n = 10) received TEW early after traumatic event in addition to standard treatment using the damage control approach. Control patients (n = 10) received no TEW therapy in the complex of therapeutic measures. Immunological studies were performed during treatment. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was assessed at a long term using an evaluation scale. Results The mean rehabilitation score was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the controls. The treatment group showed significantly higher production of TNFα and IL-2, spontaneous production of IFNγ by lymphocytes, phagocyte activity (NBT-test) and absorption activity of monocytes after the use of TEW in comparison with controls. An increased level of IgG and IgM was also noted in patients of the treatment group. Discussion The findings showed that the use of TEW in polytrauma patients early after traumatic event resulted in the increase in cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and phagocytic cells. The immunostimulating effect of TEW was also achieved through boosting humoral immunity. Conclusion The TEW used early after traumatic event in polytrauma patients resulted in strengthening of the immune system which contributed to more effective rehabilitation.

Currently, the problem of iodine deficiency is actual in the world, which may cause a large number of diseases and disorders. The problem of iodine deficiency for humans may be partly solved by enriching agricultural products with iodine, i.e. by providing animals with an increased intake of iodine during their growth. Theoretically, the most effective way to use iodine is the form bound to tyrosine, since diiodotyrosine has been proven to be a thyroxine precursor. Taking it into account, a supplement was developed containing iodine organically bound to tyrosine and histidine. In this work, we studied the effect of this supplement introduced into the diets of cattle on biochemical parameters of animal blood. In the test group, which received the supplement with organically bound iodine, an improvement in nitrogen metabolism was noted compared to the control group. This was most clearly demonstrated by the content of urea, since in the test group, its content decreased by ≈15 percentage points, and by the content of creatinine, since its increase in the test group was more than 20 percentage points. Differences in the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between treatments were also noted, as in the blood of animals from the test group, the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and malondialdehyde was lower than in the control group. In mineral metabolism and morphological parameters, there was no significant difference between treatments. Among the indicators of pigment and hormone metabolism, it is important to note the reduced content of cortisol in the blood of animals from the test group. Its level was lower by ≈17.23 percentage points compared to the control group. A decrease in cortisol levels indicated a lower stress load in the test group. In general, studies have shown that the use of a feed supplement containing organically bound iodine has a positive effect on the metabolism of animals.

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the problems of the Russian Arctic against the background of a special military operation in Ukraine in 2022. The research methodology is based on interdisciplinarity, general scientific methods, priority use of primary sources. The author investigates the current topics of determining the outer limits of the Russian continental shelf in the Arctic, Russia’s participation in the Arctic Council, the US Arctic strategy in 2019, 2022 and the US Arctic strategy in 2022. The volume of freight traffic in the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic Basin over the past few years, the activities of the newly established in 2022 FSBI “Glavsevmorput”, the creation of a single platform of digital services are analyzed. Due to Russia’s ongoing Asian turn in international relations to the east, the increase in the vol-ume of cargo transportation to Asia and the sanctions of the collective West, there is an urgent need to bring existing regulations, navigation rules in line with the current reality in the economy and politics, to ensure the security of the entire Russian Arctic. In perspective, the transformation of the NSR water area into the sea transport corridor from Murmansk in the west to Vladivostok in the east becomes quite possible. In 2022, a modified procedure for identifying existing names of geographical objects was approved. An important aspect is the appearance on the map of the names of the Russians participated in the study of the Arctic. The complex of external and internal challenges in the Russian Arctic is not limited to the problems mentioned in the article and requires further research.

The scientific work is aimed at finding ways to improve the components of the psychophysical readiness of police officers to use service firearms. In order to solve the research tasks, an analysis of the sources of international and domestic law regulating the use of force, special means, and firearms by the police has been carried out, including the UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, the Declaration on the Police, Basic Principles of the Use of Force and Firearms by Officials on maintaining law and order, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, Regulations on the organization of official training of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, Instructions on safety measures when handling weapons, Regulations on the organization of initial professional training of police officers who are first accepted on police service. The algorithm for applying coercive police measures proposed by the UN hs been considered, that is communication – persuasion – physical force – special means – firearms. A comparative characterization of the indicators of firearm owners per 100,000 population abroad with a similar indicator in Ukraine has been carried out. The peculiarities of the legal regulation of the use of coercive police measures in Ukraine under martial law conditions have been determined. The legal, social, domestic and psychophysiological factors that affect the decision-making by police officers on the possibility of using a registered firearm have been given. Based on the conducted research, the study of special literature, and the analysis of the activities of practical police officers who have at least 5 years of service, it has been established that the components of psychophysical readiness for the use of service firearms are physical, psychological, fire (shooting) and tactical-special training. Ways of a complex combination of the specified areas of psychophysical readiness for the use of service firearms have been proposed.

Porous silicon is a promising nanomaterial for optoelectronics and sensorics, as it has a large specific surface area and is photoluminescent under visible light. The deposition of copper particles on the surface of porous silicon will greatly expand the range of applications of the resulting nanocomposites. Copper was chosen due to its low electrical resistivity and high resistance to electromigration compared to other metals. The purpose of this research was to study changes in the structure and composition of porous silicon after the chemical deposition of copper. Porous silicon was obtained by the anodisation of monocrystalline silicon wafers KEF (100) (electronic-grade phosphorus-doped silicon) with an electrical resistivity of 0.2 Ohm·cm. An HF solution in isopropyl alcohol with the addition of H2O2 solution was used to etch the silicon wafers. The porosity of the samples was about 70 %. The porous silicon samples were immersed in copper sulphate solution (CuSO4·5H2O) for 7 days. We used scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy to obtain data on the morphology and composition of the initial sample and the sample with deposited copper. The chemical deposition of copper on porous silicon showed a significant distortion of the pore shape as well as the formation of large cavities inside the porous layer. However, in the lower part the pore morphology remained the same as in the original sample. It was found that the chemical deposition of copper on porous silicon leads to copper penetrating into the porous layer, the formation of a composite structure, and it prevents the oxidation of the porous layer during storage. Thus, it was demonstrated that the chemical deposition of copper on a porous silicon surface leads to visible changes in the surface morphology and composition. Therefore, it should have a significant impact on the catalytic, electrical, and optical properties of the material

У статті здійснено аналітичний огляд двох підходів до інтерпретації метафізичного підґрунтя конфлікту в Об. 12:7-12, представлено прикметні риси кожного з них і герменевтичну стратегію їхніх авторів. Було помічено, що теологи нехтують текстуальною єдністю і богонатхненністю Писання, і, як наслідок, їхні висновки щодо предмета дослідження суперечать богословським сенсам історії відкуплення людини. Мета статті полягає не тільки в тому, щоб вказати на комплекс проблем, пов’язаний із відкиданням автентичності метафізичного протистояння в зазначеному уривку. Але також вперше в богословській дискусії такого роду продемонструвати негативні наслідки, як для християнського універсуму, так і для людства загалом, відкинення космологічної причини метафізичної війни між Богом і сатаною, яка відбулася ще до створення землі.

The purpose of the research is the study of the morphological structure of echinococcal cysts to assess the possibility of using organ-preserving methods of surgical treatment.Materials and methods. A clinical, instrumental, and morphological fundamental study was performed in the Surgical Clinic of the Botkin Hospital when radiation and morphological data in addition to clinical data were studied for 28 patients who underwent surgical treatment for liver echinococcosis. Excised gross specimens were examined to study the capsule structure, and the penetration of germinal elements of the cysts through membranes of the parasite (64 successively excised primary operated echinococcal cysts).Results and discussion. The fibrous capsule of the echinococcal cyst is a good barrier against Protoscolexes penetrating into the liver tissue. None of the 64 specimens studied in detail was found to have germinal elements of any echinococcal cyst penetrating through its fibrous capsule. The morphological justification of organ-preserving methods in the treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis allows a conclusion that these interventions are safe and radical.

This article examines Nikolai’s views on Church-state relations and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. These two questions are inextricably linked because having founded and developed the Japanese Orthodox Church, Nikolai sought to build up its relations with the Japanese state, the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state, according to his understanding of the Orthodox ideal, and his views therefore had a direct bearing on his activities and the status of the Japanese Orthodox Church. The topic of Nikolai’s ideas about the status of the Japanese Church is poorly covered by the available literature, which predominantly adopts the simplistic view that Nikolai immediately tried to create a church that was as independent from the Russian Church as possible. This view, however, relies on individual comments taken out of context. The issue is important both in itself and for those who wish to investigate how far the potential indigenisation of the Orthodox Church can be stretched, as well as Nikolai’s views on the matter. The authors conclude that it would be a gross over-simplification to say that Nikolai supported an independent Japanese Church from the outset of his work in the country. In fact, he advocated close ties with the Russian Church for the foreseeable as a guarantee of the Japanese Church’s commitment to true Orthodoxy and fought actively against those who supported premature independence. While it is true that for pragmatic purposes, he would publicly express opinions in support of actual independence for the Japanese Church, this only took place during a period of growth in anti-Russian sentiment in Japan and he would only do so to protect the Church from attacks.

The article is devoted to the comparison of accounts of Russian chronicles of the pre-Mongol time and episodes from the West-European chivalrous epic. Two parallel plots are considered, in which the author sees certain similarities. First, an account of the Novgorod First Chronicle on the conflict in Novgorod in 1015, in the course of which some noble Novgorodians were killed on the order of Prince Yaroslav, and an episode from "The Song of Roland", which refers to an attempt of barons of Charlemagne to intercede for the traitor Ganelon. It is concluded that both stories are based on similar ideas. Both the words of Yaroslav in the chronicle and those of the barons in "The Song of Roland" point, first of all, not to the promise of real reward, but to the medieval warrior ethic, according to which real live soldiers were more important than regrets about losses. If losses nevertheless occurred, they still cannot be fully compensated by money, treasure, or property. Second, I compare a fragment from the Hypatian Chronicle on the Prince Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians with some scenes from Thomas Malory's "Le MorteDarthur". It turns out that they present a similar arrogant attitude of a part of the military elite (prince's retinue, knights) towards ordinary infantrymen.

The Arctic is a strategically important region for Russia. In the process of searching for new solutions for the rapid construction of energy-efficient and safe buildings in the Arctic, it is necessary to develop systems for monitoring and maintaining indoor microclimate, ensuring optimal use of resources and implementing building management systems. Continuous automatic monitoring will help to increase comfort and safety in the room, as well as to reduce energy costs. The possibility of remote data transmission will allow you quickly respond to emergency situations and take actions to prevent the development of accidents. Employees and students of the Department of Automation and Computer Engineering of the Murmansk State Technical University have carried out the development and testing of a software and hardware complex based on a model object on the University territory. At the first stage, a group of researchers has developed a system for automated monitoring of microclimate parameters and an automated system for electric energy metering. The paper presents a detailed description of the functionality of the developed hardware and software modules; it describes the concept of an automated building management system, which is currently the next stage in the development of the system.

In modern diabetology, the most important condition for a personalized approach to patient management is to determine the type of diabetes mellitus. Particular attention is drawn to a large, but at the same time insufficiently studied group of patients with diabetes mellitus due to diseases of the pancreas or as a result of surgical interventions on the pancreas, in particular, patients who, for a number of vital indications, undergo total pancreatectomy and the mechanism of development of impaired glucose homeostasis have not been studied in these patients. To date, there are no specific algorithms for managing this category of patients. This clinical example emphasizes that the management of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus as a result of total pancreatectomy is an extremely difficult task that requires a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of this category of patients, the participation of an endocrinologist at all stages of patient treatment.

The purpose of the review is to study the essence of the concept “Russian North” in the available written sources and in various branches of scientific knowledge. The historical process of the article is localized in a vast space from the Velikiy Novgorod, the Novgorod Veche Republic to Karelia, the coasts of the White and Barents Seas — the Arkhangelsk and Kola North, the NorthEast (Komi). The Russian North is un-derstood as a hybrid concept that requires interpretation of economics, politics, society, culture, archeology, history, geography, ethnology, ethnography, philosophy, philology and other branches of scientific knowledge. The conceptual content is associated with modern understanding of historical evolution from the past to the present as a result of the thesaurus of knowledge accumulated over centuries.

Subject and Purpose. Designers of the research radars intended for detecting manifestations of biological activity of living organisms may be interested in the noise characteristics shown by their oscillators at offsets about 10–2 Hz or even 10–3Hz from the carrier frequency. Unfortunately, the producing companies do not practice regular information on noise performance of their products at frequencies below 1 Hz. The present authors have set the goal of deriving an analytical expression for the spectral density of flicker noise which should allow radar engineers estimating the probable noise performance of low-noise oscillators over any frequency range. Methods and Methodology. A great number of writers considering spectral properties of flicker noise tend to support the assertion that its spectral density increases continuously with a decrease in frequency, following the power law 1/f. Meanwhile, the present authors assume availability of a certain frequencyfmbelow which the spectral density should most likely remain unchanged, even to as low as zero frequency. Also, there is a range of frequencies above which the spectral density of flicker noise remains constant and the total spectral density is determined solely by thermal noise. Results.The spectral density of noise follows the power law 1/f throughout the range fromfm and up to the point where thermal noise starts to overbalance the flicker noise. The authors have proposed an approximating function to describe the behavior of the averaged spectral density of noise from the oscillator within the entire frequency range. Conclusions. The results obtained shall allow radio system designers to make estimates of the probable noise performance of low-noise oscillators in any frequency range, using only known reference data provided by the manufacturer.

The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary from operation of the Russian-American drifting station in the Antarctic. It was first experience of organizing a research station on sea ice in the South Polar exploration. Russia and the U.S. had the greatest experience in organizing such studies in the Arctic, so the combined efforts of our countries guaranteed the success of this unique scientific mission. The drift of the station named «Weddell-1» was along the continental slope of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula from February 12 to June 9, 1992. The joint scientific program was aimed at studying the structure and dynamics of natural processes in the atmospheric boundary layer, in the ocean, ice cover and the biodiversity of surface waters. As a result, unique scientific materials were obtained in an almost unexplored area of the Antarctic. The realization of the Russian-American drifting noticeably strengthened cooperation between our countries, which even in these days of aggravation of interstate relations can become an example of successful cooperation between the world's leading polar nations.

The present study is aimed at studying the experience of forming a regional security architecture on the example of Southeast Asia.Aim. Study and generalization of the historical experience of the formation of the security architecture in Southeast Asia and its current state, participation in a scientific discussion on the problems of the Eurasian space.Tasks. To carry out an express analysis of the fundamental decisions of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (hereinafter — ASEAN, the Association) on security issues, their effectiveness in regional political practice; to identify the main problems of the process of forming a regional security system and the impact of global instability, contradictory bilateral relations between the states of the region; to determine the reasons for the eclecticism of its current state, as well as different approaches to assessing the results of ASEAN’s activities over the entire period of its existence, caused by the lag in making operational decisions on security in the conditions of real modern socio-political and economic processes; to identify the main mechanisms and tools of the Southeast regional security architecture from the East Asian Summit to the Committees ASEAN by areas of activity, from Joint Statements to Programs, including the ASEAN Regional Security Architecture Program, and Action Plans.Methodology. Using historical, comparative and structural-functional methods based on the main content of the documents of the ASEAN Regional Forum, the East Asian Summit, the Russia-ASEAN dialogue program, as well as research models of Russian and foreign scientists and experts, existing problems were identified, the process of forming a regional security system, and the need to study the experience of ASEAN was justified.Results. The study showed the general and special features of the process of formation of the regional security system of Southeast Asia and regional security architectures in Central Asia and Europe. It is confirmed that the current global uncertainty and instability contribute to the formation of a trend towards regional coalitions and the strengthening of regional security architectures. The multidirectional positions of the members of the Association on issues of national and regional security have been revealed. ASEAN uses the experience of other regional coalitions, primarily NATO, in shaping the security architecture. There are problems in the efficiency of decision-making and this has both negative and positive consequences.Conclusions. In contrast to the established Euro-Atlantic security architecture, which excludes a significant part of Europe in the form of the European part of the Russian Federation, the Eurasian strategic space is currently in the process of forming a security system, which includes only certain groups of states. The research is mainly aimed at studying approaches to the content and forms of cooperation between these countries in security issues. Modern global processes negatively affect all levels of security and actualize the problem of strengthening it at the regional level. Even in the difficult conditions of Southeast Asia, ASEAN manages to partially minimize the consequences of challenges, threats and security risks. In the south-eastern strategic region, the problems of protracted conflicts, significant differences in the economic and political development of the member States of the Association still remain unresolved, and this negatively affects the achievement of unity and the development of cooperation relations between the countries of the region, as well as the stabilization of the regional situation. The existing problems in the efficiency of decision-making at the regional level have both negative and positive consequences. They are currently balanced. Participation in the work of various international institutions is of great political importance, and has an impact on the status of subjects of the global or regional political process. Participation in the dialogue programs of the ASEAN of Russia is justified and contributes to the continuation of contacts with the countries of Southeast Asia. The experience of the long-term existence of the regional coalition can be used in other regions of Eurasia.

Aim. To prove the validity of the identification and determination of the frequency of use of linguistic means of expression used in political discourse by representatives of the Welsh political establishment of different genders, as one of the main determinants in distinguishing the features of femininity and masculinity of some types of political communication in Wales.Methodology. Based on the continuous sampling method, the authors selected the political texts of representatives of the ruling party of Wales, namely four female and four male politicians (interviews, speeches in the Parliament of Wales, speeches at public events in Wales, declaring messages /statements /appeals to citizens of the country, as well as open letters). Using the method of stylistic and contextual analysis of these texts, the authors carried out a search, description and analysis of linguistic means of expression in them, additionally applying the descriptive and comparative methods in this process. The calculation of linguistic means of expression was carried out through the use of a quantitative method with the subsequent interpretation of the research results.Result. By analyzing the lexical and stylistic-syntactic levels of political texts as a result of political communication by the Welsh statesmen chosen for consideration, as well as by analyzing the linguistic means of expression found in these texts, it is proved that the frequency of the latter, and therefore, and the preference of their choice for use by the gender representatives in some types of political communication and political discourse in Wales can serve as one of the determinants of the correlation of this discourse type with femininity or masculinity of political communication in this territory of Great Britain as a whole.Research implications. The results obtained confirm the importance of considering political discourse from the standpoint of gender linguistics, since the analysis of the lexemes and expressions used in it shows the probable conditionality of the use of the latter by the political communication speaker of a certain gender, which contributes not only to a more correct meaningful interpretation of various political texts, but also to their more effective creation. Moreover, the data obtained complement and expand knowledge in modern linguistics in the field of gender linguistics and stylistics. In particular, the results of the research can be useful in the framework of conducting courses on political linguistics, text linguistics, language theory, comparative linguistics, cultural studies, etc. Taking into account the speaker’s gender in political communication helps the addressee to better understand the intentions and strategy of the speaker, and the speaker is able to more effectively influence the potential recipient of the text in achieving their goals within the framework of the power struggle; therefore, all participants in political communication are more successful in carrying out such activities in their general socio-political context.

The concept of a strategic triangle, which is usually used to describe the great-power political dynamics among Moscow, Washington, and Beijing, can be relevant to analyze relations between Moscow, Tokyo, and Beijing. The paper provides an overview of the historical evolution of the Russia-China-Japan strategic triangle and examines contemporary relations in each pair of the triangle: Russia-China, Japan-China, Russia-Japan. The authors take the early 2010s as the start of the contemporary period in the Russia-Japan-China triangle development. From the late 19th century, the strategic triangle of Russia, China, and Japan has tried almost all possible configurations. Nowadays, the axis of Beijing and Moscow is directed against Tokyo. The peculiarity of the modern Northeast Asia triangle is that it is situated within the gravitational pull of the global triangle of the United States, China, and Russia. The dynamics in the relationships of Russia, China, and Japan is, to a significant extent, determined by the fact that Tokyo lacks full independence as a foreign policy actor, being attached to its senior ally, the US. This imposes considerable structural limitations on possible transformations of the triangle, as the antagonism between Washington and Beijing, as well as between Washington and Moscow, makes it more difficult for Tokyo to reach compromises with its greatpower neighbors in Northeast Asia. This was one of the reasons why Abe Shinzo failed to make significant progress on the resolution of the territorial dispute with Russia. He also failed to prevent further rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing. In 2020, when Abe stepped down as prime minister, the Russia-China relationship was much stronger than it was in 2013, when Abe launched his diplomacy of courting Moscow. It can be predicted, with sufficient confidence, that, in the coming years, the configuration and character of the strategic triangle in Northeast Asia will not undergo major changes. At the same time, the polarization of the triangle's structure and the polarization of the international system as a whole will grow more intense. Japan will preserve and strengthen close political-military relations with the United States and other “Indo-Pacific” allies. For its part, Beijing will seek to build its own system of strategic partnership s and quasi-alliances, in which, apart from China itself, Russia will be the most important member.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present and past of the history of Alaska. Such a combination of times highlighted the most difficult problem of ambiguous attitude to the historical past in the USA from the standpoint of modernity. In the process of destroying monuments under the onslaught of the Black Lives Matter movement, the local Indian population accused the long-gone A.A. Baranov of racism, persecution of the indigenous population, enslavement of Tlingits and Aleuts for hunting fur-bearing animals. On July 14, 2020, the Sitka town and district assembly supported these accusations and decided to move his monument from the town square to the local museum. The review article reveals the objective conditions of the historical process during the period of A.A. Baranov's activity in Alaska in 1790–1818, using the methods of historicism, search and systematization of information, analysis and synthesis. The assessment of his personality is updated. The article shows the beginning of G.I. Shelikhov's and A.A. Baranov's activity in the North-Eastern Company, and then its transformation in 1799 into the Russian-American Company (RAC). The article examines the war with the Tlingit people of 1802–1804, the missionary work of Herman Alaskinskiy, three assessments of the nature of Russian colonization, N.P. Rezanov's plan for the modernization of RAC. The episode with Russia's sale of Alaska to the United States is also being clarified.

The article is devoted to two outstanding linguists - Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (13.03.1845-3.11.1929) and A. Schleicher (19.02.1821-6.12.1868) - and their cooperative work in Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arischen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen, the journal established by A. Schleicher and A. Kuhn. The article contains some understudied facts about the relations between the two great scientists and a description of the scientific paradigm in which their interaction developed. This article provides a full list of Baudouins works published in the Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arischen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen journal and the articles by Schleicher published in its first volume. It also gives the names of scientists who supported the journal and influenced academic development of both linguists. Beitrge zur vergleichenden Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der arishen, celtischen und slawischen Sprachen, one of the most authoritative bodies of Indo-European studies of the XIX century, has become a recognized tribune of world-class researchers in the field of comparative historical linguistics since its foundation in 1858. In addition to A. Kuhn, A. Schleicher and his students (A. Leskin and J. Schmidt), such outstanding linguists as T. Aufrecht, A.F. Weber, F. Miklosich, M. Mller, A.F. Pott, H. Steinthal, W.D. Whitney, H.W. Ebel and many others published their scientific works there. J. Baudouin de Courtenays collaboration with this scientific publication was fruitful for his development as a scientist and allowed him to introduce his revolutionary views to the general linguistic community.

The article analyzes the nature of the political system of modern China in the context of the typology of communist political regimes. The author argues that the typologies of communist regimes proposed so far are of little use, since the differences between the regimes were not considered deeply enough, while the ideology factor was not actually used as a criterion for typological differences. The article proposes a new typology of communist regimes, in which the ideological factor is the key criterion. Based on the analysis of various communist regimes in accordance with the ideological criterion, the author identifies three main types of communist regimes: left-communist, right-communist and bureaucratic, and defines the current Chinese regime as evolving from right-communist to bureaucratic. The author concludes that the Chinese political experiment deserves close study and a departure from the West-centric clichés that still dominate world political science and historical science, and the new typology of communist regimes can serve as a useful tool both for its analysis and for clarifying the prospects for China's development.

Aim. Determination of the psychological type of attitude to the patient's illness, depending on gender and age group, which will further improve communication between the patient and the dentist.Materials and methods. This article provides a psychological assessment of patients in relation to diseases of the oral cavity at a dental appointment using the adapted TOBOL technique. This technique is based on typing patients according to certain cognitive characteristics described in the article. For this study, 65 people of older age groups were interviewed.Results. The frst group of attitudes towards the disease included 27 patients (41.5%), the second – 24 (37%), the third – 14 (21.5%). 11 (45.8%) men were assigned to the frst group, 8 (33.3%) men – to the second and 5 (20.9%) – to the third group. Women showed a distribution: 16 (39%) women belonged to the frst group, 16 (39%) – to the second and 9 (22%) – to the third group, respectively. Negative attitude towards dental diseases, reluctance to treat them sharply increases in centenarians.Conclusions. With increasing age, there is a growing tendency towards pessimization and aggression. Sensitized attitudes toward illness, depression, refusal of treatment, or blame-shifting complicate diagnosis and subsequent treatment. To prevent unwanted emotions and improve the quality of communication, the dentist should be guided by an individual approach to these patients, which should be based on the basic principles of ethics and deontology. Only then will dental treatment be effective and complete.

The latest in a series of Great Geographical Discoveries was the finding of a southern ice continent in 1820. It was long expected, but very late for different reasons. Among the main ones are the physical and geographical characteristics of the Southern Polar Region of the Earth, which was discovered much earlier than the Northern one. Geographers and sailors, confident in the polar symmetry of the planet's surface, found it difficult to imagine the location of the still unknown continent so close to the South Pole. In addition, the vast belt of water and ice in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica was (and still is) a serious obstacle to safe navigation. Other reasons were the results of James Cook's Second circumnavigation of the world in 1772­1775 to search for the Southern Mainland. In 1773, Captain D. Cook on the ship "Resolution" for the first time crossed the Southern Arctic Circle and reached 71° s. s. He considered the voyage in the Southern Ocean quite successful: the Southern hemisphere was sufficiently explored and the search for the Southern continent was put to an end. The authority of the English navigator was so high that nobody tried to refute his opinion for almost half a century. It required not only the courage of scientific foresight, but also the power of a state with a developed shipbuilding industry, skilled sailors and experience of long successful voyages in the World's oceans. At the beginning of the XIX century, Russia having the status of the Ocean Power possessed all this. According to the plan of the Russian Navy Department, the Russian Antarctic Expedition of 1819–1821 was aimed at implementation of scientific exploration in the least studied and most inaccessible high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. One of the participants in the preparation of the expedition, Captain Irank I.F.Krusenstern, wrote that this expedition "is for exploring the countries around the South Pole with greater accuracy than how much is known about them to this day...". In search of Antarctica, the naval sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” had to cross the "roaring forties" and "furious fiſties" of the southern latitudes and overcome the belt of driſting icebergs and polar ices.

Background. The problem of parallel use of a set of statistical criteria aimed at testing one or another statistical hypothesis is considered. As a rule, on small samples of 16 experiments, statistical tests give a high value of the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind. Materials and methods. However, if we build an equivalent artificial neuron for each of the statistical criteria and combine them into a large network of artificial neurons, then we will get a long code with high redundancy. The reduction of the redundancy of such codes makes it possible to correct the errors of some statistical tests. The paper presents functional dependencies and thresholds used in the software implementation of 11 new criteria and artificial neurons equivalent to them. Several techniques for modifying classical statistical criteria are identified, which allow reducing the values of their probabilities of errors of the first and second kind by up to nine times. Results and conclusions. Presumably, the use of new statistical criteria can make it possible to make decisions with a confidence probability of 0,99 when using 25 artificial neurons equivalent to them.

The aim of this work was the formation of multilayer structures of macroporous silicon and the study of their structural, morphological, and optical properties in comparison with the properties of multilayer structures of mesoporous silicon. The paper presents the results of the development of techniques for the formation of multilayer structures of porous silicon por-Si by stepwise change in the current with two-stage modes of electrochemical etching. The data on the morphology, composition, and porosity of macroporous and mesoporous silicon samples were obtained using scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity. It was shown that with the two-stage growth of porous silicon layers, the depth of the boundary between the layers of the structure was determined by the primary mode of electrochemical etching, while the total layer thickness increased with an increase in the current density of electrochemical etching. A comparative analysis of the relative intensity and fine structure of vibrational modes of IR spectra indicated a significantly more developed specific pore surface and greater sorption capacity of mesoporous silicon as compared to macroporous silicon.

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of minimally invasive technologies of osteosynthesis and electromagnetic waves of the terahertz range in patients with multiple and concomitant trauma. Materials and methods The process of rehabilitation was studied in 513 patients with polytrauma of varying severity which was more than 26 points on the ISS scale. The patients were diagnosed with 545 injuries of different organs and systems. All patients with severe concomitant and multiple trauma were divided into 3 groups: Group I of controls, treated in1995–2001, consisted of 269 patients whose treatment was conservative and aggressive (surgical, with the use of plating or intramedullary osteosynthesis); Group II was the experimental study group consisting of subgroup A of 202 patients treated in 2002–2009 in whom “damage control” concept was applied and subgroup B of 42 patients treated in 2010–2017 using the damage control tactics and new minimally invasive methods of treatment and devices (non-invasive lung ventilation in intensive care for fat embolism; rational osteosynthesis in closed chest trauma; minimally invasive guided method of transosseous osteosynthesis, including the use of fixators with hydroxyapatite coating; rational surgical approach to pelvic bones; universal guide for reaming the medullary canal) and exposure to electromagnetic waves of the terahertz range (EMWTHR)of the xiphoid process of the sternum to stimulate the immune system. Results It was revealed that the use of minimally invasive, low-traumatic methods of treating bone fractures in severe polytrauma and methods stimulating the immune system and tissue regeneration (subgroup II B) contributed to an improvement of anatomical and functional results of treatment by 1.3 times compared with the control group. The quality of life of patients in this group, in comparison with the control group, was 1.6 times higher for injuries of the upper limb and 1.9 times higher for injuries of the lower limb. An integral analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment revealed a reliable increase in the effectiveness to a satisfactory level. Conclusion The use of EMWTHR in the complex treatment of such patients is a promising method for stimulating hematological and immunological processes. The first results described in the literature are optimistic.

The purpose of this paper is to study the concepts and content of phobias in societies, to understand the differences between them, and to classify people’s fears. In their study, the authors use methods of the Humanities: philosophy, conflictology, historicism; data from sociological surveys of the population. The formation of fears in the life of any society occurs both under the influence of traditional views of people inherent in antiquity, and under the influence of the societal pattern as a whole — culture, civilization, as well as modern transformations related to ecology, climate, development of natural resources, security, Russophobia, fears of coronavirus, racism. The paper considers historical phobias in the Arctic as well. The problems of social phobias in the scientific literature have not yet received such a wide and deep study as in social phobia, Agora phobia, and specific phobias.

The article deals with the current state of mineral and raw hydrocarbon base of Ukraine. The main promising directions of geological exploration for oil and gas are identified and determined: in reef-carbonate complexes, deep-seated petroliferous complexes, crystalline basement, non-anticlinal traps in sandy bodies, non-traditional HC sources.

The article studies the theoretical and practical aspects of the development ofTaiwan’s residents’ national identity. The analysis is based on the results of recent opinion polls which studied the trends in identity change of the Taiwanese people, their preferences and views on relations with mainlandChina. An attempt was made to establish a correlation between the changing identity, the wish of the majority of the population to maintain the status quo in relations with the PRC and the level of support of the political independence ofTaiwan. The article shows that the share of those inTaiwanwho identify as “Taiwanese” has been increasing over the last decades. At the same time, the belief thatTaiwanis an independent state has also been strengthening. The authors analyse the internal and external factors that influenced the dynamics of identity change and the attitudes towards the problems of the status ofTaiwanon the island over the last two years.

Background. The problem of parallel use of a set of statistical criteria aimed at testing one or another statistical hypothesis is considered. Materials and methods. As a rule, on small samples of 16 experiments, statistical tests give a high value of the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind. However, if we build an equivalent artificial neuron for each of the statistical criteria and combine them into a large network of artificial neurons, then we will get a long code with high redundancy. The reduction of the redundancy of such codes makes it possible to correct the errors of some statistical tests. Results. The paper presents functional dependencies and thresholds used in the software implementation of 9 basic criteria or artificial neurons equivalent to them. Conclusions. On the logarithmic scale of the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind for each criterion and on the logarithmic scale of the number of criteria generalized by the neural network, the self-correcting error correction code “by voting on the majority of bit states” is well described by a linear function.

The article states that currently, the Russian economy is in the stage of transformation and global changes in economic and technological structures. The situation in the labor market and educational services in Russia causes the need to change the content of education in relation to modern requirements. The role of man has changed, because he has become the main resource of modernization. The article reveals the sector of digital transformation: the importance of balance, strategies and tactics of business and society, the issues of involvement of human capital and society in the management of economic modernization in the context of globalization. The necessity of formation of multicomponent information and educational environment on the basis of unity of educational and personnel policy, which can be considered part of the digital economy, has been shown.The process of management of information and digital system of ensuring the unity of educational and personnel policy of the region as a system with a complex structure, diverse functions and complex dialectics of development is considered. It is possible to distinguish its subsystems: theoretical and methodological, organizational, economic, legal, technical, technological, pedagogical, methodological, psychological. All of them are in complex interaction with each other, with other spheres of life in the region.A kind of “world educational space” is being created, which sets the criteria for the development of Russian education. Information and digital technologies make it possible to rebuild our present and therefore today the main task is to be ready to exist in these conditions, to build completely new communications, as well as new relationships among people, to rebuild the entire economy and society, to make our life better and more “smart”.

The main purpose of the article is to study the problems of the functioning and competition of sea routes of cargo transportation in the Arctic region. Methodologically, the work is of a research nature within the framework of the global integrated and northern regional studies, based on interdisciplinarity and complexity. A complex of interdisciplinary tasks is synthesized: to show, against the background of the history of the development of the water area of the northern seas, begun in the era of Velikiy Novgorod, the priority of Russians in the Arctic; the geopolitical and economic significance of the new projects of the Northern Sea Transport Corridor (SMTC), the National Arctic Transport Line (NATL) at the present time; to reveal the presence of many actors in the Arctic region of planet Earth. Operating water area of the Northern Sea Route in 2012–2020 based on legislative acts 1998, 1999, 2012. And while it does not provide a significant share of international transit, it is developing as an internal sea route. The article analyzes the literature of domestic and foreign authors and primary sources, including: Novgorod Chronicles, cartography, current legal acts, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and departmental documents of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic, FSBI “Administration of the Northern Sea Route”, directorates Northern Sea Route of Rosatom State Corporation, International Monetary Fund (June 24, 2020), China White Book (2018), the Polar Silk Road project, etc. The plurality of sea routes for cargo transportation in the Arctic along the coast of Russia, off the coast of Canada, the Arctic Bridge, the Trans-Arctic sea route, the Polar Silk Road of China; modernization of the NSR infrastructure; implementation of investment projects of the oil and gas and mining complex of global significance generates new challenges and opportunities for the development of the Russian Arctic.

Approaches to constructing a mock-up of a system for focusing laser radiation on distant objects using both adaptive optics elements and nonlinear-optical wavefront reversal methods providing compensation for turbulent distortions are considered. Numerical calculations were preliminarily performed, in which the split-step method was used as a numerical method for solving a second-order partial differential wave equation for the complex amplitude of the wave field of a laser beam. This method, combined with methods of spectral-phase Fourier transforms and statistical tests, is the most effective way to obtain reliable quantitative results for solving engineering problems of atmospheric wave optics. Quantitative data are obtained on the effect of turbulent atmospheric distortions along propagation paths on the main parameters of coherent laser beams – focusing, effective average radius, and the proportion of the beam energy in its diffraction spot. The preliminary results obtained of the system mock-up performance confirm the conclusions of the theory.

Porous medium are products of processing in food, agricultural, chemical and many other industries. Calculations of processes with wet porous medium are based on capillary properties of the liquid in a pore space. The capillary properties of liquids in porous media are established in pore models in the form of thin tubes of circular or slit transverse sections. The intensity of the processes occurring in it depends on the nature of the filling of the pore space with liquid. Filling with liquid and the formation of a capillary layer is possible only in small pores. However, there is no analytical justification for the transverse pore size, more than which it cannot be filled with liquid by capillary forces. With this in mind, the concept of the limiting transverse size of a capillary for a liquid under conditions of complete wetting is introduced. The limiting size calculation is based on two conditions: the shape of the axial section of the meniscus surface has the appearance of a semicircle and its extremum point is located at the level of the free surface of the fluid supplying the capillary. A capillary column cannot form in larger pores. The absence of formulas for calculating capillaries of the limiting sizes can introduce a significant error into the analytical calculation of the moisture content in the capillary layer of a liquid in porous media and moisture transfer processes. The aim of the study was to obtain formulas for calculating the limiting (largest) sizes of capillaries of a circular, flat slit section and annular transverse sections with complete wetting of their walls. For the conditions above, it was identified that the limiting distance between the walls was independent from annular capillary diameter. The formulas for the limiting transverse sizes of the flat slit and annular capillaries turned out to be the same under the assumptions above. This indicates a weak dependence of the limiting size of a slit capillary on the curvature of its transverse section. Examples of calculations of capillaries of the limiting sizes are performed.

The analysis of the published experimental and clinical data on chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of rickettsiosis and Q fever confirmed the preserved role of doxycycline, the main drug of choice in the treatment of the diseases, then followed chloramphenicol. Macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin proved to be useful in pediatric practice and the treatment of pregnant women with rickettsiosis. The treatment of acute and chronic Q fever required the use of doxycycline, fluoroquinolobes, co-trimoxazole and hydroxachloroquine in combined therapy. It is concluded that in vivo studies of novel drugs and investigation of prospective macrolides and fluoroquinolones are necessary. Clinical trials of a new glycycline, i.e. tigecycline, which experimentally showed highy strong activity against the Q fever pathogen, should be accelerated.

In patients under artificial lung ventilation (ALV) there is often observed development of severe ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to polyresistant hospital pathogens. It should be noted that in the patient described here with the initial diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia rapidly subjected to prolonged ALV the previous antibacterial therapy by broad spectrum drugs significantly increased the risk of contamination just by multiresistant nosocomial strains, which hampered the starting therapy of nosocomial pneumonia either when there were not available or sometimes there were available microbial cultures. When the treatment of severe pneumonias caused by multiresistant hospital flora resistant to carbapenems is actual, in the alternative therapy it could be used tigecycline, a tetracycline from the group of glycylcyclines. A case of successful treatment of nosocomial VAP by tigecycline based on the results of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture is described. The case is of interest because tigecycline was used as off label.

The importance of Arctic natural resources and communications is increasing in the modern global society. At the same time, the Arctic conflict space is not only unprotected from cyberattacks, but their consequences here can be the most terrible in the hybrid war conditions of the XXI century. Cyberattacks on the critical information infrastructure of credit and financial institutions, the economy, authorities and other facilities are becoming especially dangerous. Cybercrimes of hackers for the purpose of obtaining illegal income, threats of money and property loss by the population become more active. The main source of cyberattacks onRussiaare the US Cyber Command, the aggravation risks of cyber warfare between theUSandRussiaare increasing. One of the leaders in protecting against cyberthreats in the Russian Arctic is PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel.

This paper shows the growing role of domestic demand in the development of the modern economy. We consider the capacity of domestic markets of the largest countries of the world. We prove that the low volume of domestic demand inhibits economic dynamics and worsens the quality of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. We consider that a promising direction for expanding domestic consumer and investment demand is the implementation of state policy to increase the incomes of the population, companies and the state in the framework of lengthening their own value-added chains that produce goods and services for final use. In this regard, the goal of this study is to analyze the existing value-added chains, assess the degree of their fragmentation, sectoral and territorial specifics. The input-output theory serves as a methodological basis for our study. The information source is represented by basic input-output tables and the data of the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. The novelty of the research consists in adjusting the multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of fragmentation of production to suit the needs of the regional level and in identifying modern patterns in the functioning of Russian value-added chains on the basis of the approbation of the approach on the materials of Russian regions. According to the results of the calculations we reveal the average position of 125 branches of the Russian economy in the supply and sales chains. We substantiate the degree of fragmentation of production chains of various industries; we substantiate the factors that determine the length of a production process. We calculate the average distance along the sales chain, which the goods cover to the moment of their use by the end consumer. We consider regional fragmentation of production in Russia. We reveal a number of statistically significant dependencies between the position of regions in the value-added chains and their socio-economic development performance