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8 results on '"MACROMYCETES"'

1. On the conservation of fungi

Author

A. A. Shirokikh and I. G. Shirokikh

Subjects
species diversity, collections, red data book, macromycetes, in situ conservation, rare species, ex situ conservation, Agriculture
Abstract

The article is devoted to the actual problem of conservation of biological diversity in the modern world. The basic principles and specific approaches to the protection of macromycetes as organisms that are difficult in qualitative and quantitative accounting due to the peculiarities of biology and life cycle have been studied. Domestic and global trends and practices in the field of protecting the species diversity of agaricoid fungi as a component of any ecosystem are discussed. The information on the features of regional fungal diversity detection, rare and threatened species for inclusion into the Red lists of various levels as well as on determining the boundaries of fungal populations, including using barcoding methods is provided. It is noted that for the organization of specially protected natural areas, it is necessary to specify and substantiate the changes in the status of separate species, to identify key areas with specific and typical mycological complexes. The idea that the system of mushroom protection should be integrated into the general system of nature protection is substantiated. Along with the protection of rare and endangered fungi species in their typical habitats (nature reserves, nature parks, wildlife areas, etc.), priority directions for preserving the gene pool of fungi in scientific collections and ex situ banks are described. Live mycelial cultures of fungi can be used for the development of new resistant populations by the reintroduction of rare and endangered species, as well as for the production of fungal metabolites useful for humans. There has been also discussed the problem of improving the effectiveness of protective measures through the digitalization of information systems: free and open access to the data on the endangered fungi species through the development of specialized computer databases, websites and unified information banks.

Published
2021
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2. Protection of Fungi of the Red Book of Ukraine in the Ukrainian Carpathians

Author

H.V. Grebeniak

Subjects
macromycetes, biodiversity, dead wood, virgin beech forests, the red book of ukraine, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

Fungi play an important role in nature and human life having valuable nutritional and medicinal properties, although their value is not limited. Various fungi species contribute to normal development of trees and shrubs as they are involved in the process of circulation of substances and enhancing soil fertility. As continuous tree felling radically alters and destroys fungi habitat, protection and preservation of rare species of biodiversity of the Ukrainian Carpathians, including fungi, and the development and implementation of measures for their reproduction are of cardinal importance. Consequently, our research aims at investigating the fungi role and their protection and conservation methods in forest ecosystems. We present the results of the study of micobiota in Uholsko environmental research department of the Carpathians Biosphere Reserve, the National Nature Park "Enchanted Land" and Gorgany Reserve. As a result of mycological examination in Uholsko virgin beech forests of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, we have distinguished 53 species of tree destroying fungi-xylotrophes. We also identified 12 fungi species in the National Nature Park "Enchanted Land", and 7 species in Gorgany Reserve. Then, we have analysed fungi species and diversity of the Ukrainian Carpathians included in the Red Book of Ukraine. The authors have noted the macromycetes role for nature and human lives as well. Finally, some measures concerning fungi protection and preservation are proposed in the research. To conclude we should confirm that the basic step in ensuring the protection and preservation of rare species of fungi is providing an inventory of these species and their communities. Thus we should identify disappearing species and make their list, provide clear boundaries and set the proper regime of each area protection necessary for the preservation of certain species; distinguish the category of species and determine their distribution area. Organizing the protection of rare species habitats and searching new populations of macromycetes listed in the Red Book of Ukraine on protected areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians are advisable to arrange in the nearest future. We also suggest developing specific programs for the protection and creation of natural complexes to help save species that play an important role in forest biocenoses.

Published
2017
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3. ADDITIONS TO THE MACROFUNGAL BIOTA OF PETROZAVODSK

Author

Leonid Savelev and Anastasia Kikeeva

Subjects
macromycetes, newly registered species, red-listed species, annotated list, petrozavodsk, Science
Abstract

Information is reported about 85 species of macrofungi found in the City of Petrozavodsk for the first time during surveys carried out in 2009–2018. The list includes 45 mycorrhizal species (apart from 2 facultative species – Clitocybe nebularis and Inocybe acuta) and 40 saprotrophic species (10 humus-dwelling, 9 forest floor dwellers, 18 xylotrophs, 2 species dwelling on macrofungal fruit bodies, and 1 on litterfall). There were 2 species registered for Karelia for the first time – Leccinum albostipitatum and Lycoperdon echinatum. Two species are listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia – Amanita virosa and Imleria badia (category: rare, potentially vulnerable). With the new findings, the biota of macrofungi in Petrozavodsk comprises 196 species, i. e. 28.5 % of the total number of species of this fungal group known from the Republic of Karelia. Information about the trophic affiliations, habitats and distribution is given for each taxon.

Published
2020
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4. SPECIES OF FUNGI RECOMMENDED FOR INCLUSION IN THE 3rd EDITION OF THE RED DATA BOOK OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

Author

Marina Palamachuk, Dmitry Kirillov, Denis Kosolapov, Anton Shiryaev, and Yury Rebriev

Subjects
macromycetes, mycobiota, rare species, protected species, species new for the komi republic, Science
Abstract

This article presents the list of fungal species recommended for inclusion in the new edition of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic, and information about changes sincethe previous edition. During 2008-2018, we inventoried the mycobiota and the status of the populations of rare species of fungi in previously unexplored areas and received new data on their distribution, ecological and biological features. Based on the results, we can suggest 65 species for protection: 35 of them should be transferred from the previous Red Data Book edition (2009) with the same status, and the 30 new species of macromycetes are Trichoderma nybergianum, Verpa conica, Microstoma protractum, Bovista paludosa, Echinoderma echinaceum, Entoloma incanum, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Cuphophyllus cinerellus, Hygrophorus inocybiformis, Phaeocollybia festiva, Baeospora myriadophylla, Clitocybula lignicola, Crinipellis piceae, Tectella patellaris, Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Omphaliaster borealis, Ripartites tricholoma, Boletinus asiaticus, B. spectabilis, Suillus acidus, S. americanus, Geastrum pectinatum, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii, R. rubella, Polyporus umbellatus, Lactarius alpinus, L. brunneoviolaceus, and L. dryadophilus. Six species (Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Geastrum pectinatum, Polyporus umbellatus, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii) are reported for the first time for the region. Four species (Ganoderma lucidum, Polyporus umbellatus, Sarcosoma globosum, Sparassis crispa) are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). We suggest seven species of fungi to be excluded from the new edition of the Red Data Book. Some of them are common in disturbed sites (Gyromitra infula, Lepista nuda and Phaeolepiota aurea). Others should be delisted due to a significant number of new findings in recent years (Ptychoverpa bohemica and Tricholomopsis decora). Two species were misidentified (Macrolepiota procera and Grifola frondosa) and so should also be excluded from the red list.

Published
2019
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5. The History of Mycological Research in the Republic of Tatarstan

Author

Potapov K.O.

Subjects
mycological research, biodiversity of macromycetes, history of mycology, phytopathology, basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, macromycetes, micromycetes, lichens, Science
Abstract

Historical analysis of the publications on mycology, phytopathology, and lichen-based indication is provided. A number of experts from Kazan and other regions published results of their research based on mycological materials collected in the natural and anthropogenic communities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The personal collections of mycobiota from the herbarium of the Kazan Federal University were observed. The most significant publications were considered. Historical periodization was finally performed.

Published
2015

6. Новые находки редких видов макромицетов в Рязанской области, оценка уязвимости и необходимости охраны

Subjects
important nature areas, Рязанская область, rare and threatened species, macromycetes, Ryazan Region, Красная книга, Red Data Book, грибы-макромицеты, редкие и нуждающиеся в охране виды, ценные природные территории
Abstract

Приведены сведения о 44 новых местонахождениях 20 редких видов грибов-макромицетов, из которых 10 включены в основной список охраняемых видов третьего издания Красной книги Рязанской области и 10 – в мониторинговый список, четыре вида впервые зарегистрированы в Рязанской области. Обоснована целесообразность включения в основной список двух новых видов: Geastrum striatum DC., Russula aurea Pers., а также перенесения в мониторинговый список видов: Calvatia gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.) Singer, Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer. На основании совокупных данных о распространении и экологии представленных видов обсуждается их редкость и уязвимость на территории области и в европейской части России. Новые сведения позволяют уточнить природоохранный статус редких видов грибов в Рязанской области и обозначить их индикационную значимость в качестве маркеров ценных природных территорий., Data on 44 new localities of 20 rare species of macromycetes is provided. 10 species are included in the main list of protected species of the 3rd edition of the Ryazan Region Red Data Book, 10 in the monitoring list, 4 species were registered for the first time for the region. It is substantiated the advisability of including in the Red Data Book of 2 new species: Geastrum striatum DC., Russula aurea Pers., and transferring to the monitoring list of 4 species: Calvatia gigantea (Batsch) Lloyd, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.) Singer, Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer. On the basis of all data on the distribution and ecology of the presented species, their rarity and vulnerability in the region as well as in the European part of Russia are discussed. The new information makes it possible to clarify the conservation status of rare macromycetes in the Ryazan Region and designate their value as markers of important nature areas., Бюллетень Главного ботанического сада, Выпуск 2 2021

Published
2021
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7. Реалізація фотоіндукованої ростової активності макроміцетів: вплив способу культивування та концентрації вуглецю і азоту

Subjects
irradiation, макромицеты, низькоінтенсивне світло, фотоиндукция, фотоіндукція, ростова активність, ростовая активность, макроміцети, облучение, 582.28 [579.22], low-intensity light, growth activity, macromycetes, опромінення, низкоинтенсивный свет, photoinduction
Abstract

Проблематика. Наукові основи фоторегуляції біосинтетичної активності їстівних і лікарських макроміцетів. Мета. Встановлення впливу способу культивування макроміцетів, концентрації вуглецю і азоту на реалізацію їх фотоіндукованої ростової активності. Методика реалізації. Посівний міцелій C. militaris, F. velutipes, H. erinaceus, L. edodes і P. ostreatus, який опромінювали низько­інтенсивним лазерним світлом за різних діапазонів довжини хвилі при енергетичній дозі опромінення 230 мДж/см2, культивували поверхнево на рідкому живильному середовищі, а також глибинним методом. Як джерело вуглецю використовували глюкозу, азоту – пептон у різних концентраціях. Визначали накопичення біомаси і ефективність використання глюкози. Результати. Визначено, що ступінь реалізації фотоіндукції залежить від складу живильного середовища та способу культивування макроміцетів. Встановлено, що для отримання максимального стимулюючого ефекту після низькоінтенсивного лазерного випромінювання слід проводити глибинне культивування фотоактивованого посівного міцелію. Короткочасне низькоінтенсивне лазерне випромінювання призводить до зміни трофіки макроміцетів і виражається в збільшенні швидкості накопичення біомаси та ефективності споживання глюкози. Зниження концентрації глюкози у живильному середовищі підвищує фотоіндуковану ак­тивність посівного міцелію C. militaris, G. lucidum, L. edodes, H. erinaceus і P. ostreatus. Достовірного впливу концентрації азоту на фотостимуляцію росту макроміцетів не встановлено. Висновки. Отримані результати є підставою для подальшого дослідження впливу різних чинників на фотоіндукцію біосинтетичної активності їстівних і лікарських грибів з метою інтенсифікації технологічних етапів їх культивування. Background. Scientific principles of the biosynthetic activity photoregulation of edible and medicinal macromycetes. Objective. The aim of the paper is to determine the influence of macromycete cultivation method, carbon and nitrogen concentration on the realization of their photoinduced growth activity. Methods. Seed mycelium C. militaris, F. velutipes, H. erinaceus, L. edodes, and P. ostreatus irradiated with low-intensity laser light in different wavelength ranges at an energy dose of 230 mJ/сm2, was cultivated superficially on a liquid medium, and also by the deep cultivation method. As carbon source glucose was used, nitrogen – peptone at various concentrations. The biomass accumulation and glucose consumption efficiency were determined. Results. It is proved that the realization degree of the photoinduction depends on the composition of the nutrient medium and the method of macromycete cultivation. It is established that in order to obtain the maximum stimulating effect after low-intensity laser radiation, a deep cultivation of the photoactivated seed mycelium should be carried out. A short-term low-intensity laser radiation results in a change in the trophism of macromycetes and is expressed in an increase in the biomass accumulation rate and in the efficiency of glucose consumption. Reducing the glucose concentration in the medium increases the photoinduced activity of the seed mycelium C. militaris, G. lucidum, L. edodes, H. erinaceus, and P. ostreatus. There was no significant effect of nitrogen concentration on photoinduced stimulation of macromycete growth. Conclusions. The results of the research are the basis for further studies of the influence of various factors on the photoinduction of the biosynthetic activity of edible and medicinal mushrooms to intensify the technological stages of their cultivation. Проблематика. Научные основы фоторегуляции биосинтетической активности съедобных и лекарственных макромицетов. Цель. Определение влияния способа культивирования макромицетов, концентрации углерода и азота на реализацию их фотоиндуцированной ростовой активности. Методика реализации. Посевной мицелий C. militaris, F. velutipes, H. erinaceus, L. edodes и P. ostreatus, облученный низкоинтенсивным лазерным светом в разных диапазонах длин волн при энергетичес­кой дозе облучения 230 мДж/см2, культивировали поверхностно на жидкой среде, а также глубинным способом. В качестве источника углерода использовали глюкозу, азота – пептон в различных концентрациях. Определяли накопление биомассы и эффективность потребления глюкозы. Результаты. Доказано, что степень реализации фотоиндукции зависит от состава питательной среды и способа культивирования макромицетов. Установлено, что для получения максимального стимулирующего эффекта после низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения следует проводить глубинное культивирование фотоактивированного посевного мицелия. Кратковременное низкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение приводит к изменению трофики макромицетов и выражается в увеличении скорос­ти накопления биомассы и эффективности потребления глюкозы. Снижение концентрации глюкозы в среде повышает фотоиндуцированную активность посевного мицелия C. militaris, G. lucidum, L. edodes, H. erinaceus и P. ostreatus. Достоверного влияния концентрации азота на фотостимуляцию роста макромицетов не установлено. Выводы. Полученные результаты являются основанием для дальнейших исследований влияния различных факторов на фотоиндукцию биосинтетической активности съедобных и лекарственных грибов с целью интенсификации технологических этапов из культивирования.

Published
2018

8. Induction of antimicrobial activity of some macromycetes by low-intensity light

Author

N. L. Poyedinok, O. B. Mykhaylova, A. M. Negriyko, I. A. Dudka, B. F. Vasilyeva, and O. V. Efremenkova

Subjects
Modern medicine, antimicrobial activity, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, lcsh:Biotechnology, Antibiotics, Pathogenic bacteria, Drug resistance, Technology development, Biology, МАКРОМіЦЕТИ, НИЗЬКОіНТЕНСИВНЕ СВіТЛО, ЛАЗЕРИ, АНТИМіКРОБНА АКТИВНіСТЬ, СВіТЛОДіОДИ, МАКРОМИЦЕТЫ, НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНЫЙ СВЕТ, ЛАЗЕРЫ, АНТИМИКРОБНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ, СВЕТОДИОДЫ, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease_cause, light emitting diodes, Low intensity light, Biotechnology, macromycetes, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, medicine, low intensity lights, business, lasers
Abstract

63 Bacteremia is an actual problem of modern medicine. In recent years a great number of human pathogenic bacteria with drug resistance was found [1]. As a result the number of effective antimicrobial drugs decreases and there is an increasing need in new antibiotics [2, 3]. There are many antibiotic producers among proand eukaryotes, but fungi, including higher fungi, can be considered as the largest group of producers which was studied for the last decade [4–11]. However, the investigations of antimicrobial activity of macromycetes are limited by the screening and determination of chemical structure of antibiotics. One of the requirements to antibiotic producers is submerged cultivation that in case of discovery of the promising compound can be a base for technology development and its production by synthesis. To reach higher productivity of the processes that would result in the receipt of the target product researchers are looking for optimum conditions of cultivation. The study of factors that affect antimicrobial activity of macromycetes is limited by selection of nutrient media [12, 13]. Despite the great amount of investigations the search of new environmentally friendly regulators of growth and biological activity of fungi is highly relevant. The light is one of such regulators [14–16]. We have previously shown the possibility of the usage of lowintensity coherent laser and incoherent light from different sources to stimulate the growth and biosynthetic activity of some macromycetes [17]. UDC 544.431.122:582.284.3:628.93 doi: 10.15407/biotech8.01.063

Published
2015

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