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The article deals with data of comparison of different antiemetic drugs used for prophylactics of intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV) during caesarian operation. 150 women included in the study were divided into three groups. Patients of the group-1 (80 women) received dproperidol 0.08-0.12 mg kg(-1) intravenously and atropine 0.006-0.009 mg kg(-1). Patients of the group-2 (50 women) received dexamethasone 0.04-0.1 mg kg(-1) intravenously. In the group-3 (20 women) patients received methoklopramide 0.1-0.2 mg kg(-1) intravenously. Intravenous administration of low doses of atropine and dproperidol provides the most effective prophylactics of IONV.

The work focuses on the comparison of influence of domperidone and metoclopramide on rehabilitation of motor-evacuation function of stomach and small intestine in 82 patients with post-surgical flatulent distention. For group 1 (n=50) - metoclopramide was administered intravenously from the 1st postoperative day, 10 mg 3 times a day. For group 2 (n=32) - domperidone was used from the 1st postoperative day (motilium suspension), 20 ml 4 times a day. The results of gastrointestinal tract capacity rehabilitation were evaluated using the data of peripheral electrogastroenterography, enteral balance, a complex of radial diagnostics methods. Application of domperidone in patients with post-surgical flatulent distention resulted in quicker gastrointestinal tract motor resolution.

The study of 67 chronic biliary patients (36 - gallbladder dysfunction, 25 acalculuous cholecystitis, 6 - cholelithiasis) was revealed their functional dysadaptation characterized by gallbladder dysmotility and autonomic dysfunction. Vegetotropic therapy (Propranolol, Metoclopramid, Atropine) according to the autonomic regulation activity has advantages in correction of the gallbladder dysmotility in comparison to the routine pharmacotherapy. Hypobaric hypoxic adaptation results in the increase of gallbladder emptying that opens perspectives for the non-pharmacological correction of the gallbladder hypokinetic dyskinesia.

The effects of three-week daily intrastriatal 5 micrograms picrotoxine microinjections (m.i.) and influences of preceding similar haloperidol, metoclopramide (5 micrograms) or amphetamine (15 micrograms) m.i. in rats were investigated. The oro-facial dyskinesia and intensive choreo-myoclonic limb jerks (with the distinct generalization) after the picrotoxine m.i. were prevented by metoclopramide and party inhibited by haloperidol intrastriatal m.i. No hyperkinetic stimulant effects of amphetamine were registered, on the contrary--some inhibiting effect of its m.i. 20-24 hours before picrotoxin were observed. The role of the striatal GABA and dopamine systems in neuromotor dyskinesias and their functional relationship are discussed.

The effects of three-week administration of cerucal and haloperidol were compared in two ways of injections--intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg and intrastriatal 5 micrograms/l microliter. Both of the ways produce the inhibition of rats locomotor activity, but only after the intraperitoneal haloperidol injection the cataleptic status was observed. The inhibition of avoidance conditioning in shuttle box was registered in each haloperidol microinjections, but in case of cerucal intrastriatal microinjection this effect in first 4-5 days of experiment was limited. No any muscular deviation after cerucal injection (systemic and intrabrain) were observed. The antihyperkinetic activity and striatal mechanisms of cerucal and their application in neurology were discussed.

A comparative analysis is presented of the effect of sonic waves and drug treatment of 31 patients with postvagotomy gastrostasis. The motor gastric activity was evaluated by clinical data and electrogastrography. It was established that the effect of sonic waves (frequency: 2.5 kHz, sound stream intensity 0.66 Wt/cm2 2 times daily per 10-15 min. for 3-10 days) favour rapid restoration of the motor activity of stomach and intestines and are a favourable background for the reduced probability of development of pulmonary and cardio-vascular complications that facilitates the postoperative period in this category of patients.

An analysis was carried out of the efficiency of using sound waves, drugs and electrostimulation on the motor activity of the duodenum in 45 patients with chronic duodenal obstruction of functional genesis. Excellent and good results were obtained in 80% of patients treated with sound waves complexly with other methods, in 40% when only drugs were used and 53% when only electric stimulation was used. The advantages of sound in the treatment are emphasized as concerns early effect, long-term results, absence of side-effects, low incidence of recurrences of the disease.

The authors have suggested the presence of reflux regulating the relationship between the urinary bladder and vesicoureteral segment which was called the vesico-osteal reflex (VOR). An original method of diagnostics of VOR with the help of profilometry was developed. A method of endoscopic correction of reflux was proposed with the help of glue MK-2 and KL-3 in combination with metoclopramide++ which made the treatment considerably more effective.

Qualitative indicators of dynamic hepato-biliary scintigraphy+ were studied before and after administration of cerucal in postcholecystectomy syndrome, determined by duodenogastric reflux (24 patients), dysfunction (21 patients) and stenosis of Oddi sphincter (17 patients) and in a control group (28 volunteers) without any complaints after cholecystectomy. A conclusion was made that dynamic hepato-biliary scintigraphy+ allowed quantitative estimation of duodenal reflux to be made and the dynamics of excretion of radiopharmagent before and after administration of cerucal may be an indicator of the functional state of the Oddi sphincter.

Experiments were conducted on 75 rabbits to study the efficacy of endolymphatic administration of aceclidine, obsidan, and cerucal for stimulation of the intestine in its experimental paresis. The stimulating effect of the pharmacological agents was found to be of a longer duration in endolymphatic that in intravenous administration. This allowed endolymphatic pharmacological stimulation of the intestine to be suggested for the use in abdominal surgery.

Hemosorption and endolymphatic pharmacotherapy was included in the complex of treatment in 65 patients operated upon for spreaded forms of peritonitis and acute ileus. Hemosorption was performed within 12-24 h after operation, pharmacological agents (Aceclidine++, Cerucal, Obsidan) were introduced by antegrade endolymphatic infusions 4-6 h after hemosorption. The investigations have shown that in this case there rapidly appears intestinal peristalsis which is maintained not less than for 10-12 hours and in great part of patients it was completely recovered. Multiple stimulations by traditional methods were necessary in the control group to restore peristalsis. The combination of hemosorption and endolymphatic therapy may be recommended as an effective complex for the struggle against intestinal paresis in peritonitis and acute ileus in the postoperative period.