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The paper considers the main provisions of the 2009 RECIST guidelines (version 1.1.) criteria for a standard approach to measuring lung tumor lesions and assessing the dynamics of the tumor process during treatment. This paper contains a list of conditions for carrying out multislice spiral computed tomography, under which the latter becomes maximally reproducible for the same patient, as well as an assessment of the course of the disease does optimal.

Expert and instrumental assessment covered efficiency of telemechanic system controlling train operators wakefulness in simulation of real night travel, through special simulator complex "Locomotive operator cabin". The telemechanic system controlling train operators wakefulness, if exploited correctly, provides wakefulness of the train operators at the level sufficient for the effective work. That is supported by distribution of falling asleep cases in experiments with activated or deactivated telemechanic system controlling train operators wakefulness. The study proved efficiency of telemechanic system controlling train operators wakefulness.

Authors came to conclusion that the constant monitoring of servicemen's health status allows the commanding officer to receive detailed information about combat effectiveness. In case of battle injury or trauma the information used by the medical service will be the base for early health care delivery and organization of evacuation. The information about health status of injured may be used as a base for diagnosis at all stages of evacuation. Authors came to conclusion that individual monitoring of health status will help to further health care delivery system and first stages of medical evacuation.

Unlabelled: Purpose of the study was to compare the functional residual capacity and oxygen consumption with compliance and partial pressure of oxygen during automatic PEEP trial procedure--"PEEP INview"., Material and Methods: Dynamics of functional residual capacity, oxygen consumption, compliance and partial pressure of oxygen were studied in 14 patients at cardiac surgical unit during automatic PEEP trial procedure--"PEEPINview"., Results: Significant dynamics of compliance and carbon dioxide production was not found. Partial pressure of oxygen cannot be used as the guideline in this study. Functional residual capacity increased in each incremental level of PEEP. Oxygen consumption increased during the PEEP changing from 6 to 8 cmH2O., Conclusion: It is defined that oxygen consumption is sensitive to PEEP level. Therefore the maximum diagnostics value of functional residual capacity measuring is expected in patients with restrictive lung disease.

In this review we provide the definition, goals and objectives of neurocritical care, evaluation of brief history of its development. Mechanical ventilation, intracranial hypertension, neuromonitoring as underlying basics of neurocritical care approaches are discussed. The main types of pathology and specific methods used in neurocritical care units are discussed. The results of our own research on brain death--the development of national criteria; for Guillain-Barre syndrome--a double decrease in the length of mechanical ventilation and in 2.5 times of the recovery time for independent walking ability; on diphteric polyneuropathy--reduced by 11 times mortality compared with nation-wide indicators of nontraumatic persistent vegetative state--the development of diagnostic and predictive neurophysiologic criteria are demonstrated. Research data of multiple organ disfunction syndrome in severe stroke are described. Further development of neurocritical care is being discussed.

According to the WHO and the UN definitions, diabetes mellitus is a non-infectious disease that has an epidemic spread rate, this has led to the UN 2006 resolution against diabetes mellitus. A special diabetologic service has been established in Russia which includes Federal and regional diabetes centres, endocrinologic clinics, equipped with modem diagnostic and treatment equipment for diabetes and its vascular complications handling. Planning of diabetologic service functioning is based on State diabetes mellitus register data, according to which nowadays in Russia 3 268 871 patients have been registered. This article contains data from control-and-epidemiological studies from various regions of Russia which have shown real spread of the disease. This article also contains information about innovative technologies of treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications, international and national foreground studies, as well as discussion of diabetologic service development perspectives.

The purpose of the study was to estimate the drift of the zero value of "Codman" intracranial pressure sensors, compared with the duration of monitoring, location of intracranial pressure sensors, and also to assess the relationship of drift to the gauge number. 60 "Codman" intracranial pressure sensors were investigated. The analysis of zero drift were made depending on the length of monitoring and location of the intracranial pressure sensor, as well as on description of the gauge number. Data are presented as median, quartiles, minimum and maximum values. The gauge numbers of 499, 491 and 501, (475 and 513). The drift was 0 mm Hg. -1 And 0 (-2 to 3). In 43% of the ICP measurements of the drift of the zero value was absent. In 40% o the drift was within +/ - 1 mm Hg. The analysis showed no dependence of the drift of the zero value of the duration of monitoring, location of the sensor and gauge numbers. On two patients simultaneous recording of intracranial pressure in the ventricles and brain parenchyma was carried out. The high correlation between the measured values r = 0.94, p < 0.01. In one "in vivo" case the zero drift was detected, which amounted to 2 mm Hg and grew by 5th day of monitoring. The maximum value of the drift of the zero value was 3 mm Hg. The dependence of drift on the duration of monitoring, reference values of the calibration and sensor implant site was absent. This shows the accuracy and reliability of parenchymal ICP measurement.

At the present time heart transplantation is considered to be the operation of choice in treatment of patients with terminal stage of chronic heart failure. Results of the first 5 heart transplantations made in the Federal Center of the heart, blood and endocrinology named after V. A. Almazov are assessed. There were no perioperational lethality and complications at the hospital stage. An analysis of the long-term results has shown effectiveness of heart transplantations in treatment of severe heart pathology.

Thromboembolism is the main cause of death and disability of patients with atrial fibrillation. Indirect anticoagulants are effective means of primary and secondary prevention of thromboembolic complications. However in a number of patients risk associated with therapy with indirect anticoagulants might exceed potential benefit. The principle problem requiring solution in a patient with atrial fibrillation is individual comparative assessment of risk of development of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. Modern stratification scales which allow solving this problem are considered in this review.

Associated changes in the characteristics of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and slow brain electrical activity were studied in 40 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. CBF and CBV (cerebral blood volume) values for the frontal and temporal cortex and basal ganglia positively correlated with the constant potential values in the central lead influenced by the blood flow rate in the upper sagittal sinus.

Results of surgical treatment of 197 patients with acute colonic obstruction complicated by intraabdominal hypertension were analyzed. Monitoring of intraabdominal pressure was made in 101 patients at the pre- and postoperative periods. Compensated, sub- and decompensated forms of obstruction depending on the data of intraabdominal pressure were determined. The level and dynamics of the intraabdominal pressure are taken as criteria of severity of acute colonic obstruction, decision on the time and volume of surgical procedures. The medico-diagnostic algorithm of management of such patients is proposed. Lethality turned out to be decreased to 15.8% as compared with a control group (24%) due to the monitoring of intraabdominal pressure and improved surgical strategy.

Classic modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure and dyslipidaemia are incorporated into clinical practice to estimate the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD): the SCORE project. To improve CVD risk estimation in women we compared predictive value of two models: risk chart based on the SCORE study and the Reynolds Risk Score in 134 women with hypertension to optimise risk stratification and preventive strategies in high-risk individuals. We concluded that Reynolds Risk model causes clinically relevant changes in risk category classification compared to risk chart SCORE and improves risk stratification. Addition of C-reactive protein to Reynolds Risk model improves it predictive value regardless of other risk factors. C-reactive protein is a strong marker of atherosclerosis, can be useful in women for risk stratification in daily practice regardless of risk prediction model.

The author analyses possible use of methods and achievements of industrial medicine in solving problems of acme in sports. The article covers theoretic, methodologic and practical basis for possible integration of industrial medicine and sports medicine. Mechanisms of such interdisciplinary integration include current legal basis, scientific research (mostly, concept of occupational risk, norm and pathology concept, doctrine of preventive medicine, etc), practical experience accumulated in this country and abroad. Some aspects of public health preservation in contemporary Russia are also tackled.

On the basis of studying clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis in elderly patients and an analysis of results of investigation of the heart the authors marked out additional indications to surgical treatment of this category of patients. Results of surgical treatment of elderly and senile patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis are also described.

Aim of the study was to elucidate causes of repeat operations and their outcomes in patients with the Marfan's syndrome. Between December 1972 and January 2009 60 patients with Marfan's syndrome were operated for aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic insufficiency. All patients were subjected to ascending aorta and aortic valve replacement with valve containing conduit. Five of 60 patients (8.3%) were subjected to 7 repeat operations (2 patients were reoperated twice). Causes of repeat interventions were: conduit dysfunction (n=3), abdominal aortic aneurysm (n=3), mitral valve prolapse (n=1). Three patients died: 2 during surgery because of impaired conduit function, one - in 1 year after repeat operation of mitral valve replacement for mitral valve prolapse with pronounced mitral insufficiency. In all cases cause of death was progressive heart failure. As an example a case of a female patient who had been subjected to repetitive surgeries because of malfunctioning conduit is presented in this paper. Main reason for reoperations was the Marfan's syndrome itself. Progression of this disease might continue after operation, alteration of the aortic wall promote dissection in regions not subjected to prosthetics. Application of prostheses especially designed for replacement of the ascending aorta excludes such causes of reoperations and death as disruption of old sutured of two parts conduits.

Safety of outpatients pharmacotherapy was studied with active prospective monitoring. The procedure was shown efficient in investigation of the structure of drug adverse reactions, estimation of the pharmacoeconomic aspects and risk factors in development of drug-associated complications. The data provided by the monitoring could be used as a basis for pharmacoepidemiological and pharmacoeconomic studies and mega-analysis. Therefore, active prospective monitoring of outpatients pharmacotherapy should be considered useful in improving the Russian system of pharmacosurveillance.

The use of the criteria of the accuracy of measurement of cardiocycle duration in systems for monitoring of cardiac rhythm variability parameters based on no more than 10% deviation of diagnostic characteristics was shown to provide the measuring error of no more than 4 msec at histogram grouping interval 10 msec. An increase in the grouping interval duration causes a decrease in the sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to patient state and diagnostic mistakes.

Cardiopulmonary bypass as a reference flow model for impedance cardiography monitoring is described in 34 children during open-heart surgery. Such an approach not only proved the accuracy and precision of impedance cardiac output measurement, but also gave a possibility to make intra-operative calibration of any cardiac output monitor which maintains its accuracy during the post-bypass period.

The paper describes the main features of the standard SCP-ECG that establishes a unified protocol for ECG data transmission both between the digital electrocardiograph and the computer control system and between the computer systems made by different manufactures. The paper also shows how to use via componential COM-technology a package of programme modules that support the input and output of electrocardiographic data in conformity with SCP-ECG.

The authors discuss actual problems in intensive therapy as practiced in the military medical set-ups, particularly the usage of standardized methods of anti-shock therapy in the high-quality medical aid. The emphasis has been placed on the role of monitoring, i.e. continuous observation and immediate reaction to the changes in a patient's life-support vital functions. It should not be labor-consuming process for medical personnel neither a burden to the patient. The organizational structure of a hospital should provide for an intensive therapy and resuscitation section as a unit.

Cardiovascular function was studied in 59 patients with myocardial infarction during their bicycle ergometer exercise performance at optimal and +sub-optimal pedalling rates. The total performance at the optimal rate was found to average 1.48 times more than that at the +sub-optimal rate. The efficiency of cardiovascular performance was achieved by a less increase in heart rate and systolic pressure. ECG changes resulting in exercise test cessation were observed in 7 and 30 cases at the optimal and +sub-optimal rates, respectively. It is concluded that physical training that fails to impose patients' rhythm and exercise capacity are more physiological and maximally safe.

Facilities and programs of detecting ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation of the heart of man are important units of cardiomonitors. The life of cardiological patients staying at the departments for intensive care depend in many respects on the quality of the units in question. Using a portable simulator of three types of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter it is possible to check up the service-ability and safety of the given units. The main parameters of the simulator are chosen on the basis of the statistical and spectral characteristics of real ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter, derived by the authors as a result of the experimental studies. Those characteristics can also be used for optimizing facilities and programs of detecting ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter.