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Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a method of focal non-invasive brain stimulation, characterized by high spatial and temporal resolution. To date, diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used in clinical practice primarily to assess an involvement of the upper motor neurons and to measure the velocity of the neuronal impulse propagation. However, in the last 10 years, a possible range of transcranial magnetic stimulation diagnostic applications has significantly expanded. Many transcranial magnetic stimulation approaches are coming from scientific laboratories to clinical practice due to an increased availability of transcranial magnetic stimulation equipment, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging navigation for transcranial magnetic stimulation and a combination of the transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and also due to an increased awareness of the clinicians. The diagnostic potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation in relation to motor recovery after a stroke can be classified into 4 directions:1) assessment of the vertical tracts integrity (primarily, the cortico-spinal tract); 2) an assessment of the cortical excitation-inhibition balance;3) probing of the functional and effective connectivity among brain regions (primarily, cortical convexity and cerebellum);4) motor mapping to evaluate cortical reorganization.In this article we will present these 4 directions of the transcranial magnetic stimulation application to study motor system pathophysiology and to predict motor outcome in stroke, including both existing and developing approaches.

A new method of constructing nonparametric dynamic model of the human oculomotor system on the basis of experimental data "input-output". This takes into account nonlinear and inertial properties of the eye of the rectus muscles. A technology for tracking eye movement based on the videos. It is possible to determine the dynamic characteristics of the oculomotor system functions as a transition of the first and second order - integral transforms Volterra kernels. Refs: 14 titles.Keywords: oculomotor apparatus; modeling; nonparametric dynamic models; Volterra kernels; multidimensional transient characteristics; eye-tracking technology., A new method of constructing nonparametric dynamic model of the human oculomotor system on the basis of experimental data "input-output". This takes into account nonlinear and inertial properties of the eye of the rectus muscles. A technology for tracking eye movement based on the videos. It is possible to determine the dynamic characteristics of the oculomotor system functions as a transition of the first and second order - integral transforms Volterra kernels. Refs: 14 titles.Keywords: oculomotor apparatus, modeling, nonparametric dynamic models, Volterra kernels, multidimensional transient characteristics, eye-tracking technology.

Досліджується актуальна проблема впливу занять спортом на опорно-руховий апарат (ОРА) спортсменів. Кожен вид спорту передбачає більш активну роботу тих чи інших м’язів, залежно від того, чи піддається тіло спортсмена симетричному, асиметричному або змішаному навантаженню. Заняття спортом на сучасному етапі його розвитку часто припускають велике навантаження на ОДА, що, зі свого боку, травмує його й призводить до порушень. Вони лімітують зростання спортивних результатів, а також є однією з поширених причин відходу зі спорту. Облік впливу різних видів спорту на ОРА спортсменів необхідний для раціональної побудови спортивної діяльності. Research is devoted to the actual problem, as an influence of sports activity on motor system of the athletes. Each kind of sport requires some active work of the some kinds of muscles. Depending on this, the athlete’s body going for symmetric, asymmetric or mixed load. Sports activity at the present stage of development assume often a bigger load on the motor system, causing injures and bring to some diseases. These disorders limit the growing of sports results and stay one of the common reasons for finishing in the sport. Through the view of the effects of different kinds of sport on athlete's motor system; there is a need for rational construction of sports activities.