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Research objective was to study the efficacy of ingavirin for prevention of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in employees of Kazan city industrial enterprises frequently suffering from acute respiratory viral infections. 128 employees aged from 18 to 56 years were included in the study. Clinical and immunological efficiency of ingavirin prevention of recurrent herpetic stomatitis is proved by estimation of oral cavity local immunity (SlgA, lisozyme), humoral immunity (IgE and IgG) and cellular immunity (RBTL with FGA, defined T-lymphocytes). After administration of ingavirin significant (p<0.05) increase of lisozyme and SlgA, RBTL with FGA, number of T-lymphocytes and IgG concentration was observed. The obtained data allow to recommend ingavirin for prevention of recurrent herpetic stomatitis.

The aim of the study was to assess local immunity of oral cavity and system immunity in patients with different course of generalized periodontitis. Immunological parameters of oral mucosa, gingival liquid and blood were evaluated in 99 persons (31 with an intact periodontium, 32 patients with chronic course of periodontal disease and 36 patients with exacerbated periodontal disease). Complex immunological assessment revealed that in periodontal disease the main changes were concentrated in the system of local oral immunity. However, in the patients with exacerbated periodontal disease significant changes were also observed in humoral immunity and in the system of nonspecific protection. Revealed immunological disbalance in patients with different course of periodontal disease requires differentiated immunotherapy.

Earlier studies were furthered by examination of parodentium anaerobic microbiota and investigation of gingival liquid immunological factors in space flight. Immunoglobulins were measured using the .enzyme immunoassay (EM). The qualitative content of keya parodentium pathogens is determined with state-of-the-art molecular biology technologies such as the polymerase chain reaction. Statistical data processing was performed using the principle component analysis and ensuing standard statistical analysis. Thereupon, recommendations on cosmonaut's oral and dental hygiene during space mission were developed.

The problem actuality is caused by significant enhancement of the incidence rate for inflammatory diseases of the head and neck tissues, first of all of the oral cavity floor abscesses and phlegmons, which causes severe forms of mediastinitis while inadequate treatment. The authors have had established, that Toll-like receptors (TLR) initiate a cascade of anti-inflammatory reactions of the inborn immunity, followed by synthesis of a certain cytokines, and their genetic polymorphism changes the immune reactivity of the organism. Trustworthy correlation of the gene TLR4 (rs4986790) polymorphism 896A/G was proved with high risk of the odontogenic phlegmon of the oral cavity floor occurrence, what would permit to prognosticate the disease course in early terms, to optimize the schemes of its prophylaxis and treatment.

The article presents findings allowing estimating effect of local application of polioxidonium and yantum verde in 101 children aged 12-17 with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis. Statistically significant PMA indeх decrease (40.1±2.3% till 1.4±0.6% (р<0,001)) proved the above mentioned therapy scheme to be highly effective for treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children with chronic gastroduodenitis.

In this review the modern ideas of the cell-like immune pathogenesis mechanism of Lichen planus)LP) are described. The special attention is paid to molecular diagnostics methods ( immunohistochemical and others). Communication of emergence of oral LP with infectious diseases is shown.

The article considers the results of analysis of concentration of IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, sIgA, sICAM-1 in non-stimulated saliva of female workers of poultry sector who underwent aerogenic impact of complex of occupational factors. The changes in indicators are analyzed depending on intensity of sensitization. The study demonstrated that the greatest changes in concentration of sICAM-1 are detected primarily in case of fungous infection.

Colonization resistance is one of local immunity mechanisms determined by a combination of factors that inhibit the adhesion and growth of mucous membrane bacteria. We examined patients with different levels of caries intensity assessing oral mucosa colonization resistance by our own method. Caries development resulted in changes of colonization resistance with the increased rate of inhibition of the oral mucosa colonization resistance barrier.

The author studied the state of cellular factors of the system of immunity at 148 patients with generalized periodontitis. It was revealed, that the features of disorders of immune answer in paradontium tissue are connected with the function of neutrophilus, activated T-cellers inflammatory and cytotoxicus immune answers, and also with changes of induction markers of apoptosis (CD95), expression of molecules of intercellular adgesion (CD54) and synthesis of lactoferrin. These indexes have a differential-diagnostic value for determination of character of course of the disease and immunopathogenesis mechanisms of paradontium tissue damage.

In order to determine the anti-pathogenic clinical efficacy of cycloferon liniment in the combined treatment of herpetic stomatitis and periodontitis, medical examination and treatment of these disorders have been carried out in a group of 80 patients. It is established that the use of cycloferon liniment in the combined treatment of herpetic stomatitis and periodontitis decreases the infectious load in parodontal recess, reduces the manifestations of local inflammation, normalizes the immunity indices, and decreases the level of endogenous intoxication, which ensures the acceleration of recuperation processes and lowers the frequency of recurrences.

There were examined 100 people of the age from 18 to 31 years with intact dentitions and physiological byte (control group) and 65 patients of the age from 19 to 60 years with hard dental tissue defects, one- and two-sided included defects of dentitions requiring in installation of non removable dentures. Significantly different indicators in healthy persons and in persons with periodontal diseases and mastication muscles para-functions and also in patients before and after prosthetic treatment by non removable dentures were found.

The article highlights the data about local immunity of the patients having cronic generalized periodontitis. Results of the conservative treatment with adhesive balm Asepta, gel Hyaludent with metronidazole and clorhexidine and Metrogyl Denta have shown the influence upon immunologic status of the patients.

A number of oral cavity immunity indices in schoolchildren with alimentary organs pathology there was presented. It testified to pronounced limitation both adaptive possibilities and anti-infective resistance of oral tissues and organs in children with this somatic pathology.

Results of study of microecological disorders in oral cavity of patients with non-specific ulcerative colitis (NSUC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and control subjects (patients with hypertension). Condition of mucosa was assessed on the basis of morphological data and electrophoretic mobility of cell nuclei, whereas structure of microbiocenosis and metabolic activity of microflora--on the basis of saliva bacterial culture and contents and profile of volatile fat acids in it. Detection rate of negative charge of the cell nuclei (decrease of functional activity of epithelium) was significantly higher in patients with NSUC and CD (66.6%) compared with controls (10%). This fact was directly related with hypercolonization of oral cavity by Gram-negative microflora. Lesions of mucosa which are characteristic of NSUC and CD and determined by pathologic immune mechanisms correlated with quantity of pathogenic microflora (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida). Marked differences of chromatograms' patterns were observed in patients with NSUC and CD indicating the suppression of anaerobic microflora in patients with CD and hypercolonization of oral cavity by anaerobic microflora in majority of patients with NSUC.

It was established that every patient carried out through the oral osteoplastic operation needs immunoprophylaxis to avoid postoperative complications. It doesn't depend on the initial level of the immunity. Asa casual prophylaxis Licopid is recommented. But only one prophylaxis willbenot enough if the anamnesis has any chronical oralfacial disease. The great attention should be taken to the immunocorrection.

On the basis of the data of immunological investigations of 142 workers of metallurgical (melting shops of Zestaphoni's Farroalloy Plant) and chemical (electrolytic shops of manganese and dioxide manganese of Farroalloy Plant and "Azoti") production it was found that during parodontitis among studied contingent local resistance of mouth cavity and humoral immunity are changed, the compound of lysozyme and amylase in saliva is lowered, in the layers of saliva and blood is revealed the misbalance of immunoglobulin's system. First of all was established, that during parodontitis among the studied workers autoimmune processes are developed directed against the I-st type collagen and the tissue of gum. Changes of local and common homeostasis as well as the changes of intensity of autoimmune process are in direct correlation with the severity of parodontitis and the pollution of production environment with the spray of manganese dioxide.

The article describes the results of examination of 42 patients with inflammatory periodontal disease (IPO) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It is shown, that the effect of treatment of IPO depends on a degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism: it is quite satisfactory in compensated and unsatisfactory in decompensated IDDM. In saliva of patients with IPO the antigen of damaged periodontal tissues, antibody to it, and also immune complexes Ag-Ab are found. The frequency of these parameters and their dynamics after treatment of IPO depends on a degree of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in IDDM. The antibodies and immune complexes do not play a pathogenic role and can be used for prognosis and success of IPO treatment.

The paper shows how ambient air pollution and disturbances of immunity and oral and nasal mucosal status and morbidity are related in various age groups of children.

Nonspecific resistance of the oral cavity was studied from microorganism adsorption in children using fluorinated table salt for the prevention of dental caries. Epitheliocytes with a high adsorption capacity were detected in smears from preschool children using fluorinated salt for 2 and 3 years 1.5 and 1.6 times more often, respectively, than in those using common salt. Nonspecific resistance of the oral cavity of preschool children whose ration included fluorinated salt for 2 and 3 years was considered good in 95.1 +/- 2.15% and 100% of cases, respectively, as against 62.57 +/- 7.67% in children not included in the prophylactic program.

Effects of ecological factors on the immunological parameters of the oral cavity The immunological status of the oral cavity was assessed in children aged 9 to 12 years living in different (cotton-growing and industrial) regions of Uzbekistan with different degrees of environment pollution. A reliable reduction of the parameters examined was observed in ecologically unfavorable regions. Health measures are proposed.

Functional activity of local immunity with regard to dental caries in children is liable to appreciable individual fluctuations which depend on sex, age, and season. In children aged 4 to 5 no association between the titer of antibodies to cariogenic Streptococcus and number of carious lesions was observed, whereas in those aged 9 to 19 these parameters were in inverse relationship. In children aged 11-12 and 14-16 this association is inverse. Regression analysis of nonspecific and specific characteristics of local immunity of the oral cavity in children aged under 12 suffering from caries revealed functional insufficiency of the mechanisms regulating the local immunity, which disappears after fluoroprophylaxis. Test system for screening of mutant Streptococcus cannot be recommended for wide use to detect subjects sensitive to caries, because it has certain limitations as regards the age of examinees.

A clinical picture of herpetic stomatitis was studied in 173 newborns, 122 of these preterm and 51 full-term ones, aged 2 to 43 days. Herpesvirus origin of the disease was proved in 68 out of 77 examinees with stomatitis (88.31 +/- 3.66%) by virological and immunofluorescent methods. The authors conclude that herpetic stomatitis in newborns is usually a result of ante- and perinatal infection, with intrauterine infection occurring in 37.57 +/- 3.68% cases.

The examination of 89 children aged 3-14 with diverse forms of primary immunodeficiency (ID) demonstrated that the most intensive progress of caries, mucosal inflammation and the worst oral hygiene occurred in cellular ID, especially in children with chronic generalized skin and mucosal candidiasis. Antibody defects of immunity enhanced caries in dental hard tissues. Phagocytic defects were also associated with dental caries, disorders of oral mucosa, unsatisfactory oral hygiene. Chronic inflammation in children free of ID produced insignificant defects in oral cavity.

The status and functional characteristics of the oral cavity organs were studied in 85 children aged 7 to 12 with chronic gastroduodenitis with various gastric acid production and in 32 age-matched healthy children. Under study were mixed saliva pH values, oral mucosa temperature, Iakovets and Iasinovskiĭ's tests, nonspecific resistance of the oral mucosa, that were examined over the course of hospital treatment. The findings evidence a higher dissemination and intensity of caries, a worse status of the oral cavity, and a higher incidence of periodontitis in the children suffering from gastroduodenitis as against the reference group. The patients' salivary pH values were found changed, oral mucosa temperature and defense potential reduced, oral mucosa saturation with ascorbic acid insufficient, and leukocyte migration into the oral cavity increased.

Caries incidence, oral hygiene and local immunity were studied in children living in the areas with soil deficient for zinc and with that with the normal levels of this metal. Higher DCL index, elevated values of the Fedorov-Volodkina oral hygiene index, and lowered levels of salivary secretory IgA and lysozyme were revealed in those living in the areas with soils deficient for zinc.

The effects of various metal alloys on the oral fluid levels of IgA, serum IgA and IgG, and IgE of 115 subjects aged 20 to 60 were under study. Mixed salivary IgG levels were measured before and in various periods after fixation of dentures made of different alloys. IgA levels failed to normalize even in a year after fixation of dentures made of steel and titanium nitrite-coated steel, though IgG levels were unchanged in the same patients.

The authors analyze the parameters of total and local immunity in patients with acute and exacerbating chronic periodontitis. No essential changes in the mean values of blood characteristics were revealed, though T lymphocyte level was reduced in the acute period of the condition. Studies of the local immunity have revealed more significant shifts, particularly in the material from the involved tooth gingival groove, where both quantitative parameters and cellular functional activity were changed.

The presence of dissimilar metal incorporations in the mouth leads to the formation of local immune response, manifesting by increased levels of secretory IgA, IgM and IgG in the saliva. Though to essential differences in the mean values of the immunity parameters are detectable, the findings of discrete-dynamic analysis of the immune profile of subjects with dissimilar metal incorporations in the oral cavity evidence a complex alteration of the humoral immunity.

Immunity state was assessed in patients with uncomplicated course of mandibular fractures with resorption and regeneration of osseous tissues. The data allowed one to characterize the relevant disorders as a syndrome of immune system overload. This is a potent criterion for evaluation of the fractures' severity. Under the overload general shifts are detected most pronouncedly in the local oral cavity immunity. Characteristic profiles of immunity interrelations are combined with the immunity strain changes within the interconnection system. This is of major prognostic importance for the course of mandibular fractures and inflammatory complications.

Oral leukocyte alteration method was established for the diagnosis of drug allergy. This method is 68% positive in patients with drug allergy and 7% positive in healthy persons. The whole procedure is simple and takes only an hour and a half.

The microflora of the oral cavity was studied with a view to the evaluation of the microbiological status and the content of lysozyme in mixed saliva samples from 14 patients with Sjögren's syndrome and the control group of 19 persons. Disturbances in the biocenosis of the oral cavity of the patients, characterized by the increased occurrence of rod-shaped forms of lactobacilli, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and cariogenic streptococci (S. mutans) in the cultures obtained by the inoculation of oral smears, was detected. This "cariogenic situation" was confirmed by clinical data on the stomatological status. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome the intensity of caries, determined by the ratio of carious, filled and extracted teeth, was high and reached 27.4 +/- 1.0 in comparison with 15.3 +/- 0.7 in the control group (P less than 0.05). A decrease in the level of mixed saliva secretion and in the content of lysozyme in secreted saliva was noted in the patients in comparison with the control group (P less than 0.05). The results thus obtained indicate that in Sjögren's syndrome the use of the preparations of eubiotic microorganisms with a view to the correction of the microflora of the oral cavity, as well as the application of 0.1% lysozyme solution to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, may be recommended among other therapeutic measures.

Multiple oral immunization with pertussis corpuscular vaccine was shown to lead to the considerable stimulation of local and systemic humoral immunity. The data on the titers of specific and normal secretory antibodies, on the levels of IgA in washings from the oral cavity, the small intestine and the lungs, on the titers of agglutinins and hemagglutinins in the blood serum, as well as on the morpho-functional transformation of the mucous membrane and the associated lymphoid tissue in the digestive tract, are presented in their dynamics. Specific pertussis antibodies in high titers were detected in both intestinal and pulmonary washings. The multiple administration of the vaccine did not produce pathological changes in internal organs.