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The in-patient forms of medical rehabilitation of children with nervous system diseases continue to be recovery leading option. They ensure personal doctor-patient contact and make rehabilitation process at most personalized and qualified. Nevertheless, in-patient forms of rehabilitation are very expensive, always involve epidemic risks and entail some social dis-adaptation in children and adolescents with behavioral and mental disorders. The study demonstrated that telemedicine has great positive qualities and is able in many cases to replace full-time form of rehabilitation. The initial caution of medics participated in rehabilitation group during study was replaced by confidence in efficiency of rehabilitation applied using telemedicine technologies. The research material permits to suggest telemedicine has great potential to implement in pediatrics.

Rehabilitation therapy is considered as an actual and complex system of knowledge, in which the main task is the development and implementation of new methods of rehabilitation. In present time, the most perspective rehabilitation program is utilizing virtual reality. A report was made with the utilization of rehabilitation therapy with virtual reality in a child with chemotherapy-induced neurological disorders in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The child performed a set of exercises using fully immersive virtual reality. Over the course of rehabilitation positive dynamics was observed, namely increased muscle strength in the injured limb from 3 to 5 scores according to the Medical Research Council Weakness Scale. There was improved balance on the Berg Balance Scale from 35 to 42. In addition, there were increased range of active movements, partly restored biomechanics of gait with increased velocity by 2 times. According to the results of testing the psycho-emotional state using the Luscher color test and the graphic technique «Cactus» by M.A. Panfilova, self-esteem, the desire to succeed and independence were improved, the level of auto-aggression was decreased. The results show that rehabilitation using fully immersive virtual reality is probably a perspective tool in addition to traditional rehabilitation. It improves the neurological and psycho-emotional state, raises motivation of patients, which, in turn, helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy and speeds up the rehabilitation process.

At the present time, distant rehabilitation is a relevant direction in restorative medicine. The article considers existing projects in remote rehabilitation, including a self-rehabilitation method developed by academician K.V. Lyadov, the Guided Self-Rehabilitation Contracts system (GSC) etc. The authors present an original project of a remote rehabilitation website 'NeuroHouse' designed for the restoration of balance and gait functions, wrist fine motor skills and speech, spasticity management in patients with neurological diseases. The project combines proprietary rehabilitation methods and classical exercise therapy. This website will make it possible to implement the third ambulatory stage of medical rehabilitation at home.

This article is devoted to the basic principles of organization and carrying out the rehabilitation of patients with severe neurological diseases. Theoretical and practical aspects and prerequisites of effective rehabilitation are considered. An analysis of neurological dysfunctions due to focal brain's damages is important for the general organization of rehabilitation and for carrying out different methods of rehabilitation. Characteristics of multidisciplinary management of patients with severe neurological diseases are considered. Advantages and risks of early rehabilitation, and characteristics of passive verticalization are discussed.

Radon therapy is one of the methods of physiobalneotherapy the mechanism of action of which is believed to consist of the influence of the small radiation doses of radon and its daughter products on the nervous, vascular, and immune apparatuses of the skin and mucosal membranes that eventually enhances the protective and adaptive potential of the body and thereby its ability to resist pathological impacts. At present, the high effectiveness of radon therapy is universally recognized and this method is widely applied for the combined treatment of various diseases in different fields of medicine. These include (1) diseases of the musculoskeletal system and locomotor disorders in the patients presenting with recurrent rheumatic fever, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, post-traumatic osteoarthrosis and knee joint synovitis, the sympathico-tonic course of vegetative dystonia associated with connective tissue dysplasia, etc.; (2) neurological disorders in the patients presenting with cervical dorsopathy, neurological manifedstations of degenerative lesions of the cervical and lumbar spine, etc.; (3) cardiological disorders in the patients presenting with hypertensive disease, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis of different localization, etc.; (4) gastrointestinal disorders in the patients presenting with gastric and duodenal ulcers, irritated bowel syndrome, etc.; (5) gynecological problems in the patients presenting with primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, genital endometriosis, uterine myoma, dysregulated reproductive function, polycystic ovary - syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and ovulatory disorders of proinflammatory origin, etc.

The present review is focused on the randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the field of technological means for neurorehabilitation. The available literature data and the results of original observations provide a basis for distinguishing between the following levels of evidence: instrumental verticalization--2a, robot-assisted mechanotherapy--1a, biological feedback--1a, virtual reality--1a, transcranial magnetic stimulation--1a for central hemiparesis and 1b for speech disturbance and unilateral spatial agnosia, transcranial electrical stimulation--2b, electromyostimulation--1a, telerehabilitation--3. It is concluded that the use of the innovative technologies for the purpose of neurorehabiltation is objectively substantiated. Further investigations are needed to allow their application on an individual basis.

Recent literature on the problem of interaction between music and the brain is reviewed and summarized. Mechanisms and effects of two most popular music therapy applications are picked out, including music listening and music making. Special attention is paid to relatively new line of investigations that is called "music of the brain" and deals with transformation of bioelectric processes of human organism into music. Unresolved questions of music therapy are identified and some promising lines of future investigations are delineated.

The current article deals with the main methods of development of the rehabilitation system for wounded during the late hospital stage. The problems of specialized rehabilitation for injured, patients of cardiology and neurology and the application of the newest rehabilitation techniques used to optimize medical aid in order to promote professional qualities recovery experience are also considered.

The main principles of long-term rehabilitation of children and adolescents with cerebral paralysis, related neurologic disorders, aftereffects of a neuroinfection, and some rare genetically determined diseases are the earliest possible initiation of remedial measures and the regular combined use of different forms of rehabilitative treatment. The proposed approach allowed to reduce severity of motor and speech disturbances and improve social and cognitive functions in 50.5% of the patients. Quality of life of the patients and their families also improved; healthy infants were born in 98 (19%) families.

The military sanatorium "Chebarkulsky" lies in resort zone of Southern Ural in 75 km to the west from Chelyabinsk. Now-days the hospital is adjusted to treatment cardiovascular system and neurotic system, respiratory organ not tuberculosis character, diseases of locomotor apparatus, possible to accept up to 200 patients. Sanatorium "Chebarkulsky" take a worthy place among other sanatoriums of Southern Ural, such as "Kisegach", "Elovoe", "Sosnovaya Gorka", "Lesnaya Skazka".

The new organizational pattern of hospital-substituting technology--the day-stay hospital for the rehabilitation of the children suffering from chronic somatic diseases and after-effects of perinatal lesion of the central nervous system. This approach gives an opportunity to implement a relevant and up-to-date neuro-somatic approach using the potential of medical specialists from the pediatric polyclinic's staff The priority is given to the non-pharmaceutical techniques of rehabilitation to permitting to come about the higher results even without expensive pharmaceuticals.

A total of 198 neurological patients on physiotherapeutic rehabilitation participated in a questionnaire survey on their quality of life. The patients had diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 86), disorders in spinal blood circulation (n = 65), 47 patients were operated for discal hernia of the lumbar spine. It was found that all the responders suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and social sequelae of their diseases which deteriorate their quality of life. The severity of this deterioration depends on the form and stage of the disease, motor and sensitive disturbances. Rehabilitation improved subjective response, social, psychological and emotional parameters. Thus, the proposed questionnaires proved valid for assessment of physiotherapy efficacy in neurological patients.

Psychological- medical- and pedagogical commissions (PMPC) are most often established at educational institutions. However, children cannot be thoroughly examined in educational settings in certain cases; therefore, the physicians fail to diagnose mental deficiency in children due to insufficiently careful examinations. Correspondingly, PMDCs, when established at patient-care and preventive facilities, ensure a more accurate diagnosis and determination of an intellectual-deficiency degree in children or teenager; they also provide for elaborating a set of psychological- medical- and pedagogical measures. The experience of establishing PMPC at a regional patient-care and preventive facility, as well as of its cooperation with educational institutions and with social assistance organizations and its functional peculiarities within the structure of the patient-care facility are analyzed in the paper. Recommendations are defined on cooperation between psychiatrists, psychologists, social activists, pedagogues and of other experts working for such commissions.

Examination of 150 patients with syndrome of immunoendocrinonervous system dysregulation (SIENDR) caused in 70% of cases by trauma has shown that this syndrome is characterized by hormonal disorders, immunodeficiency followed by visceral pathology (gynecological and gastroenterological, in particular). Anatomical substrate of the syndrome is impairment of hypothalamohypophyseoadrenal complex. Recognition of SIENDR is important for physiotherapist as it allows to treat combined diseases with mineral baths, drinking mineral water and inhalations.

The program of rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients with effective physical methods (multilayer magnetic and electric stimulation, scanning laser therapy, QHF therapy) has been used in 265 patients with functional disorders because of nervous affection. The program reduced the treatment duration and improved the quality of treatment of neurosurgical patients.

Of the miners in poor health, groups have been identified at high risk for development of respiratory, cardiovascular, and neural pathologies (n = 30). Treatment and prophylactic complexes were differentiated and implemented in the miners while on vacation in a sanatorium-preventorium setting. Efficacies are shown of differentiated methods for promotion of the health of those miners having been assigned to different groups at risk for development of pathologies of the respiratory organs, the cardiovascular, and the nervous system while on tariff vacation. The promotion-of-health courses have led to normalization of the immune and biochemical statuses in 68 percent of miners secondary to activation of chief links of cell-mediated, humoral immunity, factors of nonspecific bodily resistance and parameters for fat metabolism.

The paper describes some therapeutic aspects of sodium chloride mineral water from the springs of Mirgorod (a balneological resort in Ukraine). Methodological approaches to the treatment of patients with most common visceral disease with bottled mineral Mirgorod water are outlined.

It was found that patients with neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis had marked disturbances of diurnal biorhythms of cardiointervalography (CIG): wider amplitude and structural alterations. Administration of physiobalneoprocedures in the period between acrophase and batiphase brings normalization of biorhythms. If the procedures were given in the peak phase, the normalization was not achieved. Moreover, the biorhythms got worse in 75% of the patients. To optimize the regimen of physiobalneoprocedures in patients with neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis it is valid to study diurnal pattern of CIG and administration of physiotherapeutic procedures in the time of change of the diurnal rhythm phases.

85 patients with lumbar spine osteochondrosis associated with lumbar ischialgia and radiculopathy were examined and treated using high- or low-frequency ultrasound. Low-frequency ultrasound was found superior to high-frequency one primarily in patients with acute disease and concomitant spondylarthritis.

Literature data and original experience of the authors in 46 patients with pulmonary lesions (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, postoperative conditions after pulmonary surgery) suggest the existence of relationships between pulmonary diseases and those of nervous system (central and peripheral). X-ray, ultrasound dopplerography of the major cerebral vessels, EEG and REG revealed cerebrovascular disorders (vascular insufficiency, slow venous outflow). Physiotherapy produced positive changes both in pulmonary and neurological disorders.

Patients with neurological symptoms of spinal osteochondrosis in exacerbation took reduced intensive courses of physiotherapy which consisted of ultraphonophoresis of 1% oil solution of polar fraction of lipids from sulfide mud (eplir). The course included 12 daily procedures. Positive functional changes and those in vertebroneurological status support high efficacy and good tolerance of such short courses.

Short-term mud therapy (10 daily peat [correction of moor] applications) has been performed in patients with neurological symptoms of spinal osteochondrosis. Such short-term courses are indicated in the absence of exacerbation of the basic and associated diseases under domination of the radicular and reflex syndromes. High efficacy and good tolerance of the treatment are confirmed by vertebroneurological investigations and functional diagnostic tests.

Electroencephalograms of 43 females (mean age 27.3 +/- 5.2 years) were examined for integral power of various EEG rhythms, delta, beta, alpha, beta 1 intervals for occipital, parietal and frontal region, right and left hemispheres. The frequency analysis was made with regard of EEG type. A particular role of the right hemisphere in development of neuroendocrine pathology is discussed.

The authors have developed and validated algorithms, programs, regimens and techniques of manual and instrumental treatment which produced positive effects in 99% of patients with neurological syndromes of spinal affections. The criteria of the treatment discontinuation were alleviation of painful syndrome by 25-50%. This occurred, as a rule, after 3-4 sessions. The course averaged 10 sessions and more. The treatment was discontinued after stabilization of subjective improvement.

Computer was used to analyze the data on 226 patients with neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis, who completed the course of rehabilitation treatment at the outpatient center of industrial rehabilitation in Nizhni Novgorod. The authors provide the mean times, cost and outcomes of rehabilitation in groups of patients with different clinical syndromes. Specify indications for the rehabilitation course in a specialized institution for rehabilitation treatment. Analyze errors made in the referral of outpatients to the rehabilitation center.

The authors present the results of clinical catamnestic, clinical neurologic analysis, and of specific neurophysiologic examinations of 292 patients with a history of slight craniocerebral injuries. Late sequelae of these injuries were detected in 70% of the examinees. The criteria and factors of decompensation risk were defined on the basis of the total and clinical structure of the disease, history of the injury, variation pulsometry, bioelectric reactivity, and visual analyzer adaptation function. The data may be used in prophylactic work to predict the course of these sequelae and for secondary prevention.

The theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of the integrated programs of preventing nervous diseases are reviewed. Among the methodological problems evidence is provided for ecological, epidemiological, preclinical, systemic, individualized and rehabilitation approaches. The concept is given of the dynamic patho- and sanogenesis of nervous diseases including neurophylo-ontogenesis, neuroreactivity and neuroadaptivity, polyfactorial nature and dynamism, staged and phasic nature of the course of nervous system conditions. Criteria for the efficacy of the rehabilitation and preventive programs are distinguished.

A retrospective analysis of electronystagmograms recorded over 2 years from 90 children aged 1 to 3 with spastic diplegia due to the infantile cerebral paralysis was performed and its results correlated with the clinical course of the disease. The vestibulometric criteria were derived in order to predict the course of motor functions in the patients' postnatal ontogenesis. The causes of inefficacy of rehabilitation therapy were analyzed in children which had suffered from meningoencephalitis in their infancy. Specific features of the neurodynamic processes in these patients were displayed in their vestibulometric indices. Mesencephalic-cortical control mechanisms of the vestibular nystagmus were shown to normalize under effect of acupuncture. This accounts for its greater clinical efficacy as compared to the passive vestibular therapy which exerted beneficial influence over the bulbar-pontine nystagmogenic mechanisms.