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The structure, phase composition and tribotechnical properties of Fe-Al composite coating subjected to annealing in the temperature range of 350–550 °C for 10 hours have been investigated. It is established that during annealing of the coating, in a set of diffusion pairs (steel–aluminium) formed during sputtering under conditions of limited content of components, reaction diffusion takes place, leading to simultaneous formation of intermetallic compounds of different stoichiometric composition: Al13Fe4, Al3Fe, Al5Fe2, AlFe and AlFe3. It is shown that the mutual diffusion of iron into aluminium and aluminium into steel between the contacting particles of the composite coating is caused by the peculiarities of the formation of the structural-phase state of the composite coating during its obtaining. The porosity of the coating at annealing increases up to 37 vol.%, and its hardness increases up to ≈ 1.2 times in comparison with the initial state. It is established that annealing of composite coating in the temperature range of 350–550 °С for 10 hours leads to increase of its wear resistance up to 2.4 times in comparison with the initial state.

The idea of holding distance competitions in sports is not new. With the development of information technology, the possibilities for conducting them have increased. A significant impetus for this trend was given during the period of restrictive measures due to the spread of COVID-19. Today, the distance format of competitions is used in many sports. However, to date, this approach has not been properly analysed theoretically. The purpose of the study is to generalize the experience of conducting distance competitions. Research methods include analysis of information sources, personal experience in the development and implementation of distance sports competitions. Distance sports competitions are a reality that is evolving. In a distance format, one can hold competitions from the arsenal of exercises of almost any sport. Currently, specialists of physical education of students face the task of finding a balance between traditional competition formats and distance ones.

The acceleration of the globalization process has led to an increase in international attention being paid to the role of green trade barriers in international trade, particularly from developing countries. Green trade barriers have a dual role: on the one hand, they can facilitate sustainable economic growth in developing countries; on the other hand, they impose restrictions on the trade and exports of developing countries. When considered together, the negative impacts of green trade barriers on developing countries outweigh their positive impacts. The extensive, hidden, unequal, and controversial nature of green trade barriers makes developing countries highly passive in national trade. To realize the benign development of international trade, according to the development trend and characteristic impacts of green trade barriers, we put forward measures for developing countries to deal with foreign green barriers. To mitigate the adverse effects of green trade barriers on developing countries, these countries need to formulate environmental and technical standards in alignment with international standards, implement rigorous domestic environmental protection industrial policies, leverage the full potential of WTO rules, foster enhanced regional and international collaboration, reinforce environmental protection legislation, and establish robust early warning mechanisms. By taking these measures, developing countries can effectively mitigate the negative impacts of green trade barriers and facilitate their economic growth.

The concept of “care” is complex and multifaceted, and it is evolving rapidly in our digitized societies. By comparing the contexts of occurrence of the term in English and Chinese, this research aims to shed light on its evolution and diverse interpretations across cultures and legal systems. The development of technology has led to a growing digital divide, which can be addressed through a human rights-based approach, a business-based approach, or a combination of both. In China, the term “smart elderly care” has emerged to address the growing demand for technology-driven care solutions, while in the English-speaking world, the term “aged care” has gained prominence. The European Union has invested in programs and strategies to promote the use of digital technologies in elder care, introducing new concepts such as “older persons in long-term care” and “Older Persons’ LTC”. A linguistic analysis of English and Chinese legal corpora has revealed the diachronic evolution of the term “care” from psychological care to technical gestures and attitudes involving digital technologies. In Chinese, the term “care” is expressed differently depending on the context, words used, and participants involved in the speech acts. This research underscores the importance of understanding the complexity of the term “care” and its diverse interpretations across cultures and legal systems. By bridging the gap between these different perspectives, we can develop more effective and inclusive approaches to elder care in an increasingly digitalized world.

The ideographic description of new vocabulary and the linguistic units within the lexical-and- semantic field of the idiom new sincerity in particular, is being considered. It is noted that in addition to its cultural significance, this expression has also acquired two new meanings: marketing technology and communicative practice. It is precisely in these meanings that the idiom new sincerity is studied in this research. Using component, contextual, and interpretive methods of analysis, with the support of the ideographic dictionary compiled by one of the authors and examples of usage in media discourse texts, the vocabulary within the lexical-and-semantic field of “new sincerity” has been identified and described. Most of the linguistic units in this group have been established to be neologisms. The presented ideographic network has a frame structure and reflects the fragments of modern reality represented in the linguistic worldview by new vocabulary. The authors have identified 5 segments (slots) of the ideographic network: “new sincerity” as a tactic in internet communication, social-and-political communication, as a basis for uniting people, a form of expressing aggression, and as a communicative practice in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. Each segment includes a set of ideograms that unite lexical representatives – neologisms. It is noted that the expression new sincerity is not used in Chinese media texts. However, there has been an increasing interest in open expression of feelings and sharing personal stories by participants in modern Chinese shows, which corresponds to the practice of “new sincerity” in virtual and real life.

In the twentieth century, the Soviet Union went through a complex process of revolution, rise, crisis, reform and disintegration, which is strongly influenced by its national policy. Despite successful governance experience of the USSR, national problems, in particular ethnic contradictions, accompany the entire history of the Soviet Union and have become one of the most important factors in its collapse, which demonstrates serious shortcomings in the national policy of the USSR. All this means that rethinking the national policy of the Union state in order to learn lessons is of urgent importance both for modern Russia and for other multinational states.

The ratification of presidential regulation No. 98 of 2021 is an important step for Indonesia in achieving its NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) target. This study aims to explore how the impact of these regulations on the relationship between carbon disclosure and green innovation in Indonesian companies. Environmental disclosure, especially carbon disclosure in Indonesia, is still voluntary. The level of adequate disclosure and the ability of companies to mitigate carbon emissions are still controversial. Voluntary environmental disclosure has a greenwashing risk and can mislead stakeholders in making decisions. This study uses the DID method to analyze this phenomenon. The data sample is 510 (company-year). The results of this study found that Indonesian companies have the motivation to mitigate carbon emissions, but there are still limited regulations. This research supports the need for more adequate regulations on carbon emission mitigation and regulations for the protection of stakeholders.

Subject and Purpose. The study of the effect that each new Solar eclipse (SE) has on radio wave characteristics is an actual scientific and technical issue. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the variations in Doppler spectra (DS), Doppler shift of frequency (DSF), and in the reflected wave amplitude (RWA) that were observed during the SE of June 21, 2020 over the People’s Republic of China. Methods and Methodology.The observations of HF radio wave characteristics were made using the Harbin Engineering University multi-frequency multipath coherent radio system. The temporal variations in DS, DSF of the main ray and RWA are analyzed further. The variations in the Doppler frequency shift (DSF) were subjected to a systematic spectral analysis that involved joint application of the windowed Fourier transform, adaptive Fourier decomposition, and the Morlet mother-function-based wavelet transformation. Results. The SE was accompanied by DS diffuseness resulting from an increase in the number of rays. The DSF temporal variations were observed to be bi-polar and asymmetrical, with extreme DSF magnitudes varying from –11 to –40 mHz and from 22 to 56 mHz. The duration of processes with negative DSF values varied from 50 to 80 min, and the duration of processes with positive DSF changed from 30 to 80 min. The multi-hop propagation (from two to five hops) took place along all propagation paths, with a 360 to 560-km one-hop range. The 4–5-min period quasi-periodic DSF variations showed 20–50 mHz amplitude, and the 8–18-min period variations exhibited 40–100 mHz amplitude. The relative amplitudes of the 4–5 min period quasi-periodic variations in the electron density were observed to be in the 0.3–6.2% range, and the amplitudes of the 8–18 min period variations were found to be in the 1.1–21.7% range. A decrease in the electron density along different propagation paths was observed to vary from –(12–16)% to –(20–26)%. Conclusions. The characteristic features of the variations in HF radio wave parameters in the ionosphere have been studied during the SE of June 21, 2020 over the People’s Republic of China.

The question of the formation of gerontolinguistics in China as a relatively new scientific branch for the country is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the high growth rate of the elderly Chinese population. The authors of the article offer an overview of gerontolinguistic works in China, selected on the basis of an analysis of journal articles, monographic studies, dissertations placed in Chinese libraries. It is noted that gerontolinguistics in China began its formation only in the 21st century, while in Western science the problems of working with the elderly began to be intensively studied in the second half of the 20th century. It is argued that Chinese gerontolinguistics is based on the traditions of Western science, taking into account Chinese realities. An overview of the works of Chinese scientists on gerontolinguistics is given, from 2003 to the present. It is shown that during this period, multimodal studies of the language and speech of various geront groups, including people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, are especially actively carried out. The tasks that gerontological research solves are described, including the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, improving the quality of life of older people, and identifying their preferences in the sociocultural sphere, for example, advertising. To solve these problems, the possibilities of artificial intelligence are actively used.

This article considers the main problems of further development of cooperation between the SCO member states against the background of the movement of the world community towards multipolarity. The justification of the need to revise traditional approaches to assessing the results of reforms in the post-Soviet territories on the example of Uzbekistan is given. The strategic development goals of the Republic of Uzbekistan that have already been achieved are analyzed, the prospects for strategic cooperation between Uzbekistan and the main SCO member states are outlined. Based on the conducted research the authors conclude that Uzbekistan’s participation in the SCO is a strategic factor in strengthening the economic, energy, military and demographic security of the region.

The digital economy is an increasingly important driver of the global economic growth. In recent years, regional digital cooperation has received a new tangible impetus with the launch of China’s “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI). The Digital Silk Road (DSR), as the BRI’s technological component, is becoming a digital bridge to promote a new type of globalization. The DSR has achieved extraordinary progress recently. It has strengthened regional cooperation in digital economy, mainly in Asia and Africa, through such channels as cross-border e-commerce and mobile financial tools, while it also reflects the global technological transformation under the Fourth Industrial Revolution in key sectors such as big data, digital currency, cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT). Thus, the DSR provides the optimal platform for new formats and technologies, such as digital trade and digital infrastructure, which have developed rapidly in recent times. However, most countries participating in “Belt and Road” initiative are still at an early stage of digital transformation; the potential of the huge digital growth has yet to be released. Furthermore, the digital lag has become a major problem limiting economic development. This article focuses on the digital economy as a new economic model, its potential and challenges, analyzing the possible implications beyond China’s DSR at both national and international levels, particularly, the role of DSR within the context of the Sino-US strategic rivalry. The methodological basis of the study covers a wide range of general scientific methods of political analysis, such as analytical, empirical, chronological, comparative, situational, narrative and descriptive. The author argues that the DSR provides a great opportunity for active multinational engagement in building a regional platform for the development of digital economy and a legal framework for digital standards and governance rules. China should focus on key sectors of the DSR, especially cross-border e-commerce, mobile financial tools, digital yuan, cloud computing and other cutting-edge components to make the DSR a more decisive initiative in global digital transformation. In promoting its own rules of digital governance, China has to be prepared to overcome difficulties and challenges that are partly the result of great power competition. The conclusion contains the results of the study and the strategic policy recommendations beyond the DSR.

The Evenki are a small ethnic group living in Russia and China, which has preserved its traditional culture and rituals. The “Evenk theme” has become a significant phenomenon in modern Chinese literature and has contributed to ethnographic studies of Evenk culture. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in various artistic projections of imagological methodology through the prism of ethnic cultures, as well as the attention of modern Chinese writers to the life of small nationalities. The aim of the study was the imagological analysis of the image of the self-perception of the Evenki in the artistic ethnography of the Evenk writer Uzhertu. The research is based on the methodological developments in the field of artistic ethnography, as well as imagological studies of cultural images and artistic images of perception in literature. The principle of attracting and using ethnographic material is based on the works by Russian ethnographers. During the research, the stories of Uzhertu were analyzed. The image of the Evenk in his works is given from the point of view of self-perception. At the same time, it is emphasized that despite the positive qualities, the Evenk nation is weak and small in number, dissolving in the Han culture under the influence of globalization, modernization, and developing economy. As a representative of an ancient ethnos, faced with the impact of modern civilization, with each new stage of creativity, Uzhertu became more and more aware of his responsibility to his people, trying to fix and preserve its unique culture in an artistic form. In the “Evenk” works by Uzhertu, the main typological techniques of artistic ethnography were captured: the creation of images of perception of a foreign culture (Han) and images of perception, the imprinting of traditional religious ideas and a mythological picture of the world, a description of household and trade customs and rituals. Uzhertu sadly records the processes of enveloping the Evenks, their dissolution in the Han culture and everyday life.

The article observes stylistic features and genre representations of religious vocabulary in contemporary Russian language. The study of the development of terminological systems in certain areas of knowledge and their role in the development of a language is one of the most important problems in modern linguistics. The solution to this problem is to study the great variety of sources of spiritual, academic, business, journalistic and other areas of human activity. Religious vocabulary is the richest layer of the Russian language. The study of the use of religious terminology in the functional styles of Russian makes it possible to clearly identify the psychological, categorical and subject meanings of this type of vocabulary in the system of indigenous language of Russians. The aim of this research is to study styles and genres in which religious lexemes are found in modern Russian. This is explained by the fact that language and religion are closely related. The influence of religion on language is an indisputable fact, because in every religion there is a number of lexemes that relate only to a particular faith. At the same time, some religious lexemes have become common and formed a part of the active vocabulary of Russians. That is why we observe the following situation in the Russian language: religious terms appear in all styles of speech.

Purpose:analysisoftheactivityofdancesportathletesusingprofessiographic techniques to optimize the training and growth of sportsmanship. Material & Methods: the method of developing a professiogram was used according to the accepted methodology, methods for assessing the severity and intensity of work were used. results: the severity and intensity of sports activities in dancing were assessed. The main professional requirements are identified, which include: the need to maintain a pose in dance, high technicality in performing elements, mandatory artistry, a sense of rhythm and performing movements in accordance with music, high noise immunity, high physical preparedness with an advantage in coordination, strength qualities and endurance, high functionality of cardiorespiratory systems. conclusions: the analysis of sports activities in sports dances made it possible to substantiate and develop a professional model of this sport. It has been established that sports dances belong to the 3rd category of labor in terms of severity and the 4th category in terms of intensity in accordance with the official physiological and hygienic criteria. The main professional requirements that determine the success of professional activity are highlighted. A set of methods necessary for the study and assessment of the state of the most important organs and systems that ensure the implementation of sports tasks is substantiated. These methods can be used in monitoring the functional state of athletes to develop a forecast for the growth of sportsmanship

At present, with the opportunities of the previous model of world economic development exhausted, only countries building alternative models of global cooperation will have good economic prospects. In this conditions the new role of Russia, China is traced. This article examines the experience and prospects of cooperation between Beijing and the Baltic countries, including within the framework of the well-known project “One Belt — One Way”.

The article considers a new for the Chinese society philosophy of young people’s lifestyle represented by the concept of TANG PING (to lie flat). The study relevance is due to the tendency for emergence of words and expressions that represent new phenomena of reality in the Chinese language. It is noted that in 2021, the expression to lie flat has become popular in China, and the phenomenon that it designates has been actively discussed not only in everyday Internet communication, but also in the media. It is shown that several publications on this topic have also appeared in the Russian Internet discourse. The article analyzes the perception of the precisely translated Chinese expression to lie flat as a symbol of the contemporary Chinese culture by the Russians based on Internet texts and the online survey results. It is shown that the Chinese concept is closely related to the Russian literary phenomenon “Oblomovism”. There are presented the views of Chinese researchers on “Oblomovism” and its similarities and differences with the new phenomenon in the life of young generations of the Chinese society. The practical significance of the study lies in clarifying the semantic volume of the expression tang ping (to lie flat) as a linguistic unit naming a current phenomenon in the life of a modern developed society which has become widespread not only in China, but also in other countries.

The new coronavirus at the end of 2019 is the common enemy of all mankind. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic poses a huge challenge to global public health security. At present, globalization goes far beyond economic activity and embraces the political, cultural, environmental and health security spheres. Deepening globalization has led to an unprecedented acceleration in the movement of goods and people across borders, and the growth of international trade and tourism in particular has made it extremely easy for infectious diseases to spread beyond individual countries and regions, resulting in widespread international transmission. Therefore, infectious diseases are no longer a matter of individual national or regional control, and sovereign states cannot respond to public health challenges with unilateral action alone. In the face of an increasingly serious global pandemic, there is broad consensus that the international community is working together to fight the pandemic. Fighting the pandemic is a double test of the ability of sovereign nations to govern and participate in global governance. Since the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, China has taken the most comprehensive, rigorous, and meticulous measures to establish a “first line of defense” against the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: Chinese model, pandemic, fighting the COVID-19, humanitarian aid.

The Ilizarov technology was honored as a "milestone" in the history of orthopedics in the 20th century, benefiting tens of thousands of patients around the world, including Chinese patients. The paper presents an analysis of the integration of the method into Chinese medicine, taking into account national traditions, culture and clinical thinking. Ilizarov technology has revolutionized the orthopaedic surgery and clinical limb regeneration medicine in China. Ilizarov's methodology arose suddenly and brought about revolutionary changes in terms of theoretical guidance, methods of thinking, tools used and medical procedures. For the first time, Ilizarov's discovery made people realize that the human body, natural selection in biology and joint symbiotic evolutionary characteristics are common, namely, as long as the levers activate the tissue regeneration switch and changes in regulation, any tissue at any age and to any degree can complete the self-healing process in according to the requirements of doctors and the expectations of patients, similar to the growth of children. The process of working with an external Ilizarov fixator is like playing chess and changing a kaleidoscope, and the countless number of free combinations of stress configurations can be changed in accordance with the needs of the treatment. In China, Qin Xihe integrated the Chinese culture into the Ilizarov technology, thus forming the Chinese Ilizarov technology. He proposed new concepts such as the concept of natural reconstruction, evolutionary orthopedics, interpretation of body language, one walk, two lines, the principle of three balances, happy orthopedics, etc., which were introduced into clinical practice in the field of limb deformity correction and functional reconstruction. As of December 31, 2018, 35,075 cases of various deformities and disorders of the limbs were entered into the Qinsihe orthopedic database, of which 8113 cases were treated with external fixation (Ilizarov technology). The statistics of a large number of cases showed striking results: diseases treated with this technique covered almost all sections of orthopedic pathology and more than 10 sections of non-orthopedic and traumatological pathology, including vascular, nervous, genetic, metabolic, and skin diseases. In addition to orthopedic, there are more than 170 diseases in total. When Ilizarov's technology is applied, it can magically transform the old into the young. Therefore it is known as a "lifeboat". Conclusion Over the past 70 years, Ilizarov's ideas and technologies have been preserved, updated and augmented. Ilizarov's technology serves as an evolutionary phenomenon that transcends bone science. If you understand this technique, you will understand the direction of modern orthopedic surgery and regenerative medicine. Professor Ilizarov's morale and the spirit of fighting to alleviate the suffering of patients were transferred to the Chinese medical community. This awakened many Chinese doctors who followed the norms of the old and stereotyped medicine. After celebrating the centenary of the birth of Professor Ilizarov, ASAMI China will also prepare for the “Sixth ASAMI & ILLRS-BR World Conference (Beijing – 2023)”. We believe that orthopedics and allied disciplines around the world have a bright future.

Propositional frame-based modeling is one of the most effective methods of cognitive linguistics. This method considers the interaction between the semantic and cognitive aspects of units of two typologically different languages, e.g. Russian and Chinese, in order to study the way language structures and reflects human knowledge and experience. Propositional structures are the same for all languages, but they are implemented differently in every language. The authors used the propositional frame-based analysis to identify universal and specific aspects in the semantics of proverbs based on frame father – son, which is an important fragment of the Russian and Chinese linguistic world view. The cognitive potential of paroemiological units is enormous: proverbs reflect historical, cultural, linguistic, and extralinguistic cognitive experience. Cognitivists define experience as one’s knowledge about stereotypical situations, stored in one’s mind as frames. A frame is a collection of vertex ("top") and terminal ("low") components. Vertex components are formed by concepts that are valid in relation to the stereotypical situation of the frame. As a result, they are clearly structured and constant. The "low level" is not constant, and its terminals are variable. The semantics of the proverbs in question were represented by frames. The meanings of their components formed a common and complex situation. Knowledge about this situation made it possible to perceive the meaning of each proverb in a holistic way. The proverbs could be interpreted as units that activate a certain cognitive context about the content and structure of the concepts father and son in Russian and Chinese.

The article discusses the historical and functional aspect of the study about the novel by I.S. Turgenevs Fathers and Sons in China. The focus is on a large number of works devoted to the Russian classic over the past century. At the same time, the historical path that the Chinese literary studies have gone through is viewed - a gradual overcoming of the sociological, in essence of Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), approach to the study of elegant literature, shifting the attention of articles authors from arbitrary interpretation of content to a plan for considering the content form. Such topics as Turgenevs landscape, psychological depiction, and Turgenevs hero are covered in more detail. The conclusion is drawn about the continued attention of Chinese writers to Russian classics.

The texts published in the Russian mass media on the digitalization processes in China are analysed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of the Chinese government to the implementation of international cooperation with various countries, including Russia. It is noted that the “Chinese theme” is one of the most relevant in Russian publications. Attention is paid to one of the most popular and dynamically developing areas — digitalization. The author proceeds from the assumption that the media not only reflect news information, but also in a certain way form ideas about a particular object being described. The author notes that significant attention is paid to the development of digitalization in the PRC in Russian newspapers and magazines. It is shown that in the publications of the Russian media, China is represented by one of the world leaders in digitalization, which is supported by the state and its citizens. The contexts, indicating that digitalization is penetrating into different spheres of the country’s life: education, industry, trade, etc., are given. The author comes to the conclusion that an exclusively positive image of digital China is being constructed in the Russian media.

Purpose: The object of the radio study is to investigate dynamic processes, which occurred over the People’s Republic of China following three moderate (magnitudes 5.9-6.6) earthquakes in Japan in 2018–2019. The distances between the earthquake epicenters and the radio paths midpoints varied from approximately 1300 to 2000 km The aim of the study is to present observations of the dynamic processes in the ionosphere, which accompanied the earthquakes in Japan, and the analysis of intercomparison between the events. Design/methodology/approach: To continuously observe the ionosphere state over the ~ 100-300 -km altitude range, the multi-frequency multiple path radio system for oblique incidence soundings of the ionosphere has been designed by the specialists at the V. N. Karazin National University (Ukraine) and the Harbin Engineering University, PRC (45.78 N, 126.68 E). The basic premise upon which the system operation is based are the measurements of the Doppler shift of frequency, fD, and of the amplitude of radio waves reflected from the ionosphere. The Doppler spectra are calculated over the 20-s intervals, with the Doppler resolution of 0.02 Hz and the time resolution of 7.5 s. Findings: The seismic activity in Japan on July 7, 2018 was accompanied by an increase in a number of rays, by a significant broadening of the Doppler spectra, and by aperiodic processes in the ionosphere at distances no less than 1000–2000 km from the earthquake epicenters. Also, wave disturbances, generated by the seismic waves (speeds of ≈3 km/s), have been revealed in the 4–5-min infrasonic period range; the amplitude, δN, of the quasi-periodic variations in the electron density, N, was observed to be 4.5–9 %, and the duration of the oscillation trains to vary in the 24–55-min range. The relative amplitude δNa, of the electron concentration variations with the period ≈15-30 min caused by the propagation of atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) was estimated to be 30–55 %, the oscillation train duration was observed to be approximately 100 min, and the speed 0.3 km/s. The character of the Doppler spectrum variations, the Doppler shift of frequency over the main ray, and of the signal amplitude were found to be notably different during the September 5, 2018 earthquake and on the reference days. Two characteristic apparent speeds of 3.3 km/s and of ≈500 m/s were revealed. The former is close to that of seismic waves, and the latter to the speed of AGWs in the terrestrial ionosphere. The relative amplitudes in the infrasonic and AGW wave fields were estimated to be δN≈1.5-3 % and δNa≈6-7.5 %, respectively. The April 11, 2019 earthquake was accompanied by the Doppler spectrum broadening by 1-1.5 Hz in the 5–9.8 MHz frequency range, the generation of AGWs with 0.5-1 -km/s speeds and 8-20 -min periods, and by the generation of infrasonic waves with 2-5 -min periods and 0.3-0.4 -km/s speeds. Conclusions: Moderate earthquakes of Richter magnitudes ≈6 have been determined to give rise to dynamic processes in the ionosphere at distances no less than 1000-2000 km. The disturbances are transported by seismic waves with ≈3 km/s speeds and by acoustic and atmospheric gravity waves with 0.3–1 km/s speeds and periods varying from units to tens of minutes.

The paper aims to consider the software methods used for detection of elements of high-resolution electrocardiographic (ECG) signals recorded using a nanosensor-based hardware and software complex. To achieve the aim, the study employed the following methods: correlation analysis, bi-directional filtering, first-order derivative, and correction algorithms. For cases when the automatic detection of elements was made with an error, an additional algorithm for manual correction of QRS elements has been developed.

According to the steady state of fault and energy balance, we provided a new idea to observe the precursors for a stressed fault. The meta-instability (or sub-instability) state of a fault is defined as the transition phase from peak stress to critical stress of fast instability (earthquake generation) during a full period of slow loading and fast unloading. The accumulative deformation energy begins to release in this stage. Identifying its deformation before fast instability would be beneficial to obtain premonitory information, and to evaluate the seismic risks of tectonic regions. In this study, we emphasized to analyze deformation process of the meta-instable stage with stain tensor data from a straight precut fault in granite at a slow loading rate, and observed the tempo-spatial features during the full deformation process of the fault. Two types of tectonic zones and instabilities occur on the stick-slip fault. The low- and high-value segments in the volume strain component appear along the fault strike with a load increment. The former first weakens and then becomes initial energy release segments; the latter forms strong stress-interlocking areas and finally turns into the initial region of fast instability. And there are two stages in the entire instable process of the fault: the initial stage is associated with the release of the low volume strain segments, which means fault pre-slips, slow earthquakes or weak earthquakes. The second one characterizes a strong earthquake through the release of high volume strain parts. The rupture acceleration in the first stage promotes the generation of the second. Moreover, fault instability contains two types of strain adjustments along the fault: the front-like strain change along the transition segments from low- to high- strain portions with volume strain release, and the compressive strain pulse of fault instability after the volume strain release extends to a certain range with loading increment. In laboratory experiments, the front-type strain occurs about 12 seconds before fast fault instability; the compressive pulse initiates within less than 0.1 second, and then the fault turns quickly into a dynamic strain adjustment, which appears quasi-synchronously between different measurement points, and, finally, an earthquake is generated.

In this article, we report artefacts found at the valley of Tsagaan Turuut River in the Khangai Mountain ranges in Central Mongolia. The artefacts were identified based upon core morphology, tool types and retouch. Regarding the core reduction techniques, single striking platform and single reduction platform cores are dominant. Although the tools on flake blanks predominant, tools such as points and knives with massive blades also occur. Side scraper, point, borer, combination tool, and borers are types that are less represented within the collection. This tool collection is highly similar to several IUP and EUP sites (Chikhen-2; Tolbor-4, 15 and 16) in Mongolia in terms of its reduction techniques and tool morphology. On a larger scale, it is similar to those of Early Upper Paleolithic sites in Trans-Baikal and Altai Mountains in Russia and North China.

The nominative set “Fundamentals of power relations in the state”, structured using the method of ideographic reconstruction, is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a comprehensive ideographic description of the socio-political vocabulary of the Russian language and the need for the planned development of each of its sectors. It is noted that the ideographic reconstruction of nominative sets that combine lexemes and idiomatic expressions makes it possible to systematically describe fragments of reality: relations in the state, society, between individuals - in the form of frame constructions that reproduce the scheme of actions in real life. The language units for the study were extracted from modern and historical explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, fixing vocabulary from the 11th to the 21st centuries. It is shown that the ideographic grid “Fundamentals of power relations in the state” is organized in the form of a “ladder” of ideograms, the levels of which (43 slots) reflect the branches of semantic subordination between groups of synonymous units that form series within each ideogram. The ideograms of the nuclear and circumnuclear zones, as well as those located on the near and far periphery are described. It is indicated that this field unites more than 1400 units: modern and obsolete tokens and idiomatic expressions. The conclusion is drawn about the scientific and methodological significance of the ideographic description of vocabulary in the aspect of studying both Russian and foreign languages.

The «One Belt, One Road» (OBOR) initiative was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping during his visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia, in 2013. The initiative «One Belt, One Road» could be fully treated as a comprehensive domestic and foreign policy concept. OBOR is designed to strengthen China as an attractive actor in the global market and advance its soft power. It is mostly aimed at increasing economic exchanges between China and the world. Historically the concept of the «Silk Road» was not only focused on the trade agenda. It also had rather significant cultural meaning. Obviously, the OBOR initiative could serve as a cultural bridge between China and the world and in this sense, emphases the dialogue between civilizations, not only markets and forces. With its long-term interests, China treats OBOR as a grand strategy. The initiative has been extensively discussed among academics and policy-makers both inside and outside China. The article shows also coordinating efforts of China and Russia in regional development as well as the internationalization of Central Asian region after 1991 and the role of China in this process. Contours of possible great powers rivalry as well as lack of mutual political trust between the Central Asian countries are described. This article intends to provide the analysis on the issue from the Chinese scholars’ perspective.

The Trump Administration declared China a strategic competitor and a revisionist power. It escalated a trade war to a fullfrontal clash with China. Some experts qualified it as a new Cold War between the US and China. Both countries are undergoing dramatic transformation. Their destinations will determine the course and outcome of the emerging US-China rivalry. This article argues that while engagement is now defined by competitive interests, the profound interdependence continues underpinning the bilateral relationship. Although there is no precedent to guide economic and geostrategic competition between the two largest and deeply intertwined economies and heavily militarized superpowers, the US and China must find some balance of interests with each other and avoid violent confrontation that serves neither’s interest. This level of engagement requires vision and flexibility. With strong economic interdependence, the existence of an international institutional order, limited ideological confrontation, and nuclear second-strike capability, leaders of two countries have no choice but find ways to manage their competition and continue futher engagement with each other. Authors conclude that the stronger China grows, the harder it gets for Washington to force it back down. Driving PRC into a corner is the way to make China even tougher. So it could cause more severe consequences for both countries.

The work of I. Turgenev was translated into Chinese in the first half of the twentieth century and later spread widely in China, having a great influence on the new generation of Chinese writers. At the same time, more and more literary critics began to study the works of Turgenev. Extensive research and analysis, as well as the study of works from different angles, contributed to a better understanding of Turgenev and Russian literature by Chinese readers. The article discusses the publications of Chinese litterateurs and critics from the second half of the 20th to beginning of the 21st century, the work of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, notes the enduring interest of the Chinese audience to the work of Russian prose writer, in particular, to the novel “Rudin”. Special attention is paid to the prose writer's “path” to the novel; it is proved that the high interest of scientists to Dmitry Rudin, the protagonist of this novel, caused by Chinese specifics and the relevance of many problems associated with this image. The article explains the evolution of the attitude of the Chinese to Rudin: from agreement with Russian researchers considering him as a superfl person to disagreement with them. At the same time, Rudin is compared with typically similar images in Chinese literature. An analysis of Turgenev's works by Chinese literary critics will provide detailed information for future studies in international literary circles, and can also lay the foundation for finding differences between Chinese and Russian literary criticism.

Subject and purpose. Recently, there has been an interest in the use of non-equidistant active phased antenna arrays (AA) in airborne radars to facilitate the aerodynamics of the thermal regimes of their operation. Non-equidistant linear AAs reduce the number of antenna elements without noticeable loss of resolution (accuracy) and at the same time maintain a low level of side lobes. Almost all large antennas of radio telescopes and long-range radars are grids with non-equidistant arrangement of elements and with an unfilled aperture. The aim of this work is to develop new and non-traditional methods for constructing nonequidistant antenna arrays using Latin squares and cyclic difference sets. Results. The possibility of synthesizing large AAs based on the composition of squares using cyclic difference sets (CDS) for the formation of elements of Latin squares is shown. A method for their construction and a synthesis algorithm are proposed. The properties of this type of antenna arrays, which provide a sufficiently low side radiation at a high degree of rarefaction, are studied. The features and main characteristics of such antennas are investigated. Methods and methodology. The algorithm for calculating the coordinates of the antenna arrays using the values of the elements of Latin squares in this case is the same as in the construction of a lattice based on magic squares. It is based on the use of the value of the element of the generating matrix (the formed square) as the basis of the interferometer formed by the neighboring elements. The directivity patterns of the AAs were studied and the side lobe levels of the resulting non-equidistant antennas were estimated. Conclusions are made about the novelty of the proposed concept of constructing non-equidistant antenna arrays on the basis of Latin squares accepting the CDS as elements and its advantages in comparison with known methods. The possibility of synthesizing large antenna arrays on the basis of the composition of squares using the CDS for forming elements of Latin squares with small filling and redundancy coefficients and permissible values of lateral radiation is shown. In terms of characteristics, they are better than non-equidistant two-dimensional lattices, used up to the present time, constructed only on the basis of cyclic difference sets. The characteristics of the obtained lattices are studied. It is shown that the use of the Latin square, using the CDS as elements in the synthesized matrix, significantly improves its characteristics, and also provides a more flexible variation of the design parameters(v, k, l).

Tectonophysical experiments show that the evolution of the Fen-Wei Rift is controlled by oblique rifting. A key characteristic of the model in our study is that the western and eastern borders of the transfer zone between the adjacent NEE-striking extensional basins tend to form right-lateral strike-slip faults with slight normal slip as a result of the interaction between the adjacent NEE-striking extensional basins under oblique rifting. The current deformation of the Fen-Wei Rift can be clarified by testing this predicted deformation characteristic. Our analysis of the relocation and focal mechanism solutions of the 1989 M 6.1 Datong-Yanggao earthquake swarm, which was the largest earthquake that occurred in the Fen-Wei Rift in the last 200 years, suggests that the transfer zone between the Yangyuan and Hunyuan basins is bounded by the NNE-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults with slight normal slip at its eastern and western edges. This consistency between the model and the current tectonic activity in the study area indicates that oblique rifting still plays an important role in the current deformation of the northern Fen-Wei Rift.

The question of formation of language image of China in the Russian mass media is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the current political context, in which the creation of a positive image of a country for its residents and for representatives of other cultures is one of the tasks of domestic and foreign policy. The material for the study were the Russian lexemes for China, PRC, Celestial, Celestial Empire, Celestial Oecumene, which are found in publicistic texts extracted from the National corpus of the Russian language, the newspapers “Коммерсантъ” and “Аргументы и факты.” Through the discourse analysis the meanings associated with these proper names actualized in the contexts are identified. On the basis of the revealed pragmatic information, a dictionary entry is compiled in accordance with the principles of lexicographical description of synonymic series presented in the New Explanatory Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language edited by Yu. D. Apresyan. It is noted that the ideas of the Moscow Semantic School (hereinafter - MSS) are very popular in China. It is shown that the integral dictionary description of synonymic series can be applied to proper names, which is not represented in either Russian or Chinese linguistics. The author comes to the conclusion that the image of China as a world leader with specific socio-cultural and political characteristics is formed in the Russian information space.

The features of the organization of research in China in the field of language policy, the importance of understanding which is due to the implementation of the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is shown that the success of the implementation of this project is directly related to the language policy implemented both in the People’s Republic of China and in the countries in the sphere of interests of the initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is noted that in recent years there has been a tendency to intensify research on the language policy of the countries which are along the main economic routes of this project. The author analyzes the studies in the Chinese CNKI database, on the basis of which he argues that the interest of scientists in the language policy of foreign countries, including the former Soviet republics before 1991, was clearly expressed as a result of the adoption of the initiative “One Belt, One Road.” It is shown that the scientific research of Chinese scientists in the field of language policy find practical application in the implementation of training programs for specialists who speak not only languages of international communication, but also languages that do not have this status, for example, Hungarian, Czech, Uzbek. It is argued that the attention to the language policy of other states allows China to adjust its policy in this area and to form a positive image of itself in the eyes of the world community.

This article reveals the causes of the crisis of modern state identity from the point of view of three aspects: transnationalism, cultural community and national identity. First, the author shows that globalization, going beyond the borders of individual States and Nations, generates a regional or global transnational (supranational) consciousness, which abolishes the functions and authority of national States. Second, the differentiation and transformation of the cultural community by increasing the value of protective identity is transformed into a political community, which, in turn, strengthens the reflexive self-awareness of various civilizations and calls into question the legitimacy of state identity. Third, when the political nature of national identity is separated from its cultural component, especially in multi-ethnic countries during a period of social transformation, national identity directly abolishes state identity. This article argues that the mentality of "differentiation", "recognition of differences" should be eliminated through equal communication and dialogue, the conflict of civilizations should be considered in connection with the uniqueness of different cultures, and the political and cultural characteristics of national identity should be unified with respect for national characteristics. At the same time, it is necessary to abandon the prejudices of "arrogance and haughtiness" of transnationalism and cultural nationalism in order to avoid conflicts caused by the crisis of state identity.

The article deals with the history and current state of research in Chinese linguistics related to the theoretical ideas of the Moscow Semantic School (MSS). It is noted that this scientific school is one of the most influential theoretical schools of studying semantics in the world. It is reported that the scientific ideas of leading researchers working in line with the MSS has long been recognized and widely used in China, where their distribution took place in three stages: theory borrowing, its adoption and transformation. The system analysis and generalization of features of each of these three stages are presented. The article lists the followers of the Moscow Semantic School in Chinese linguistics and their significant achievements, reveals the current state of research. The ways of spreading the ideas of this school in China are characterized, as well as the problems of its development at the present stage are formulated. It is indicated that the purpose of this article is to develop a useful reference material for the further development of research of theoretical ideas of the Moscow Semantic School in China. The author comes to the conclusion that the studies of the Moscow Semantic School, which are highly appreciated by Chinese linguists, should be used to study and describe the Chinese language.

We present an updated analysis of lenvatinib in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) with new duration of response (DOR) data unavailable for the primary analysis. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, patients ≥18 years old with measurable, pathologically confirmed RR-DTC with independent radiologic confirmation of disease progression within the previous 13 months were randomized 2:1 to oral lenvatinib 24 mg/day or placebo. The main outcome measures for this analysis are DOR and progression-free survival (PFS). The median DOR for all lenvatinib responders (patients with complete or partial responses; objective response rate: 60.2 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 54.2–66.1) was 30.0 months (95 % CI 18.4–36.7) and was generally similar across subgroups. DOR was shorter in patients with greater disease burden and with brain and liver metastases. Updated median PFS was longer in the overall lenvatinib group vs placebo (19.4 vs 3.7 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.24; 99 % CI 0.17–0.35; nominal P

The paper is devoted to the study of the Russian deictic verbs oshchushchat’ (‘to sense’) and chuvstvovat’ (‘to feel’), which are similar in meaning and peculiarities of use in speech. The purpose of the study is their functional-semantic differentiation due to the importance of these synonymous lexemes for the verbalization of a person’s inner state. Since attempts of such a differentiation between these words from the perspective of traditional approaches do not bring conclusive results, we have compared them using quantitative methods, involving materials from associative dictionaries and very large language corpora. Based on data from the associative dictionaries, we have specified the notions of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic features of the compared verbs. The results of the quantitative analysis of word associations in the dictionary show a lower relevance of the verb oshchushchat’ for the linguistic consciousness of the native speakers of the Russian language in contrast with the verb chuvstvovat’ (106 reactions and 542 reactions, respectively); the verb chuvstvovat’ is characterized by more complex and rich paradigmatic and syntagmatic associations than the verb oshchushchat’. With the help of the language corpora, we have compared the indicators of the frequency of use of these synonyms in speech. The comparative analysis of the graphs constructed in the corpora with chronological distribution of the frequencies of use of word forms of the analyzed verbs suggests that the frequency of all the word forms of the lexeme chuvstvovat’ is higher than that of the corresponding word forms of the lexeme oshchushchat’ throughout almost the whole analyzed chronological section. Thus, the study quantitatively confirms the conclusion about a larger semantic volume of the verb chuvstvovat’, and defines the functional-semantic specificity of these words: the word chuvstvovat’ is most actively used when describing emotional states, and the verb oshchushchat’ is preferred in specifying objects of sensory perception. The present research demonstrates a new approach to the problem of the delimitation of synonyms, which may be of interest both to lexicologists and to specialists in the field of Russian as a foreign language.

Based on the results of a laboratory simulation of the seismic fault reactivation by “stick-slip” process, it was shown that the system of two blocks just before an impulse offset goes through the meta-instable dynamic state, with early and late stages of meta-instability [Ma et al., 2012]. In the first stage the offset begins in slow stationary mode with slow stresses relaxation on contact between blocks. In the second stage of the “accelerated synergies” strain rate increases and, subsequently, the deformation process through a process of self-organization came to dynamic impulse offset. The experimental results were used for interpretation of the results of spectral analysis of the deformation monitoring data. The data were held within the southern part ofLakeBaikal, where Kultuk earthquake (27.08.2008, Ms=6.1). took place. Its epicenter was located in the South end zone of the main Sayan fault. Monitoring of deformations of rocks was carried out from April to November2008 in tunnel, located at30 km from the epicenter of the earthquake. The time series data was divided into month periods and then the periods were processed by the method of spectral analysis. The results showed that before the earthquake has ordered view spectrogram, whereas in other time intervals, both before and after the earthquake such orderliness in spectrograms is missing. An ordered view spectrograms for deformation monitoring data can be interpreted as a consequence of the self-organiza­tion of deformation process in the transition of seismically active fault into meta-unstable before the Kultuk earthquake.

Comparative analysis of the crustal evolution of the Early Precambrian Belomorian and Trans-North China orogens (Fig. 1) has shown [Slabunov et al., 2015] that: Both belts were formed by the superposition of two Precambrian orogenies. The earth crust of the Belomorian belt was produced during the Mesoarchaean to Neoarchaean Belomorian collisional orogeny [Slabunov, 2008; Slabunov et al., 2006] and then was reworked during the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola collisional orogeny [Daly at al., 2006; Balagansky et al., 2014]. The earth crust of the Trans-North China orogen was formed during a Neoarchean accretionary orogeny and then was reworked during a Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny [Zhao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2012, 2005]. The Lapland granulite belt is the core of the Lapland-Kola Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the Fennoscandian shield and the Khondolite belt occupies the same tectonic position in a Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China craton.

The “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” initiatives (abbreviated to “Belt and Road”) are a global breakthrough in international cooperation. The Belt and Road is a long-term, complicated, arduous systems engineering feat covering a wide geographical range and long-time periods, and crossing into many fields of study. Earth observation technologies have macro-level capabilities that enable rapid, accurate monitoring of Earth. Earth observation represents a new horizon for human beings to understand our planet with a new method for studying Earth’s environment. It will also provide scientific decision-making support for construction and sustainable development in the countries and regions along the Belt and Road. To this end, the “Digital Belt and Road” (DBAR) initiative was launched to facilitate Earth observation and “Big Earth Data” in the Belt and Road region. DBAR has received support from more than 20 international organizations and countries along the Belt and Road. Intercontinental links are an important part of DBAR, allowing for accelerated scientific cooperation in Earth observation. DBAR is bringing new scientific collaboration opportunities for regional and global partners to promote the construction of Earth observation systems and data sharing, and researching the key issues of sustainable development through transnational, synergistic Earth observations.

In recent years, with the shift and violent development of economic globalization and sciences and technology, the connection between counties and citizens all over the world has become more and more intimate, so that the international tourism develops quickly and has become one of the important revenue sources gradually. In 2013, China proposed the new strategic thought of One Belt, One Road (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Jiangxi province will bring its local regional superiority to full play under the guidance of the strategic thought, and powerfully cooperate with neighboring provinces and cities, in order to actively participate in the international tourism market and attempt to make its international tourism bigger and stronger. As the national strategic pillar industry, tourism plays an important role in the regional industrial structure adjustment and upgrade. Possessing the characteristics of strong integration, high interactivity and wide expansibility, tourism is the important engine to accelerate the development of urban economy. In September and October of 2013,during the visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to countries of Central and East Asia, he successively proposed the significant suggestions of the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and the two of them were collectively intituled as One Belt, One Road New Strategic Thought. Silk Road Economic Belt covers the integration of the Southeast and Northeast Asian Economy entities which were eventually merged to lead to Europe. 21st Century Maritime Silk Road refers to unite Europe, Asia and Africa at sea in order to form a complete economic belt. Based on the increasingly deepening of economic integration, One Belt, One Road New Strategy is an international strategy which possesses the strategic importance of promoting industry upgrading and accelerating the transformation of economic growth mode for the purpose of mutual benefit and win-win result and joint development internationally

Mongolia lies in the central part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt [Mossakovsky et al., 1994; Zorin, 1999; Jahn, 2004; Khain et al., 2003; Badarch et al., 2002; Windley et al., 2007; Zhang et al, 2008], or Altaids [Şengör et al., 1993; Şengör, Natal’in, 1996; Wilhem et al., 2012], which is fringed by the Siberian craton in the north and by the Tarim and Sino-Korean Cratons in the south. According to the recent tectonic subdivision, the territory of Mongolia is subdivided into Northern and Southern domains which are separated by the so called Mid Mongolian Tectonic Line [Tomurtogoo, 2012]. The Herlen Massif is one of the important tectonic units of the South Mongolian domain in the Argun-Idermeg super terrane extending through the territories of Russia and China [Parfenov et al., 2009; Tomurtogoo, 2014b]. The Herlen massif, also known as Herlen superterrane [Tomurtogoo, 2012] or Idermeg terrane [Tomurtogoo, 2014a] is composed of Ereendavaa, Undur-Khaan, Idermeg and Gobian Altay-Baruun Urt terranes converged at the end of the Cambrianbeginning of the Ordovician [Badarch et al., 2002; Tomurtogoo, 2014b].

the Siberian craton to the north and the TarimNorth China cratons to the south, is a complex collage of microcontinental blocks, island arcs, oceanic crustal remnants and continental marginal facies rocks. It is one of the largest and most complex accretionary orogenic belts and the most important site of Phanerozoic continental growth on the Earth [Jahn et al., 2000, 2004; Kovalenko et al., 2004] The widespread occurrence of large volumes of granitoids, mostly with juvenile sources, is a typical characteristic of the CAOB. These granitoids have been intensely studied (e.g. [Jahn et al., 2000, 2004; Kovalenko et al., 2004; Sorokin et al., 2004; Vladimirov et al., 2001; Han et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2006, 2015; Wu et al., 2011; Li et al., 2013; Yarmolyuk et al., 2002]). However, these studies mainly focused on some certain countries or regions.