Search

In the context of current scenario, it is crucial to look beyond Einstein’s theory, which opens the door to certain modified theories of gravity. So, present study is devoted to investigate the various energy conditions, particularly, strong energy condition (SEC), weak energy condition (WEC), null energy condition (NEC) and dominant energy condition (DEC) corresponding to different functional forms of f(R) gravity. We have studied for flat, isotropic and homogeneous FLRW cosmological model filled with interacting field i.e., perfect fluid is coupled with mass less scalar field for different models of modified f(R) gravity in which R is the Ricci scalar. We have observed, the accelerated expansion of the Universe which exact match with recent observational evidences.

In this article, we examine the LRS Bianchi type-I cosmological model in the framework of f(R, T) gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the stress energy momentum tensor in the presence of Domain wall. we used the special law of variation of Hubble’s parameter proposed by Berman (1983) to obtained the exact solution of field equation, corresponds to the model of the universe. The Energy conditions and physical behaviour of the universe has been obtained and their evolution has been discussed using some physical parameter and by means of their graphs. Also, we can use the Statefinder parameter for testing the validity of the model.

A study was conducted to assess the accumulation of carbohydrate in germinating seeds as well as leaves, stem and roots of Simarouba glauca in response to various Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs). Field experiment was carried out to investigate effect of foliar application of PGRs like 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA), chlormequat (CCC), salicylic acid (SA), cysteine and methionine with 5 and 20 ppm concentration on carbohydrate content of Simarouba glauca DC whereas Seeds were subjected to 100 ppm solutions of various PGRs, which include GA, 6-BA, CCC, SA, Cysteine, and Methionine. It could be concluded that application of PGRs affect the carbohydrate metabolism or synthesis. Thus, the application of growth regulators in present study will be beneficial for induction of synthesis of primary metabolic products followed by synthesis of secondary metabolites of S. glauca.

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth and is responsible for plant metabolism. Phosphorus is an important component of nucleic acid and also a component of phospholipids as a basic requirement for cellular organization and function as a membrane building block. Plants respond to Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in phosphorus content in a variety of ways. A study was conducted to assess the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases on seed germination and seedling growth in response to various PGRs of S. glauca at different time intervals. Seeds were subjected to 100 ppm solutions of various PGRs, which include GA, 6-BA, CCC, SA, Cysteine, and Methionine. The activity of the enzymes ATPase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase increases in response to the most of PGRs.

Pesticide consumption and environmental pollution in orchards can be greatly decreased by combining variable-rate spray treatments with proportional control systems. Nowadays, farmers can use variable-rate canopy spraying to apply weed killers only where they are required which provides environmental friendly and cost-effective crop protection chemicals. Moreover, restricting the use of pesticides as Plant Protection Products (PPP) while maintaining appropriate canopy deposition is a serious challenge. Additionally, automatic sprayers that adjust their application rates to the size and shape of orchard plantations has indicated a significant potential for reducing the use of pesticides. For the automatic spraying, the existing research used an Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Also, spraying efficiency can be increased by lowering spray losses from ground deposition and off-target drift. Therefore, this study involves a thorough examination of the existing variable-rate spraying techniques in orchards. In addition to providing examples of their predictions and briefly addressing the influences on spraying parameters, it also presents various alternatives to avoiding pesticide overuse and explores their advantages and disadvantages.

The nuclear radius parameter of carbon, aluminium, iron, copper, and zinc nuclei has been determined by using (n,γ)-reaction. The neutrons from the americium-beryllium source are made to interact with the water moderator to produce the γ-rays of 2.2 MeV through (n,γ)-reaction. The γ-radiation emitted from the water medium is measured with a scintillation detector coupled to 8k multi-channel analyzer. The neutrons from the americium-beryllium source are allowed to transmit through carbon, aluminium, iron, copper, and zinc elemental targets of various thicknesses, and transmitted neutrons are again allowed to interact with water moderators to produce 2.2 MeV γ-radiation. By measuring the yield of γ-radiation produced in water moderators by neutrons transmitted through elemental targets of different mass number values, the total neutron interaction cross-sections are determined. By knowing the total neutron interaction cross-sections and mass number of the target nuclei, the radius parameter has been determined.

Relevance. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders wherein hyperglycemia occurs either due to lack of insulin secretion and/or reduced insulin sensitivity of the tissues. One of the commonest complications of diabetes is neuropathy and its severity will depend on how long and how high the hyperglycemia has been prevalent. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes affects the peripheral nerves and slows psychomotor responses in persons who do not have proper glycemic control. This decreased psychomotor response because improper glycemic control affects the reaction time in diabetics. Objective: to assess and compare the auditory and visual reaction time in group-1 and group-2 diabetics and to correlate it with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in both the groups. Methods. The study was conducted on 60 subjects aged between 40-50 years after obtaining the permission of the ethical committee of our institution. The group consisted of 60 well-controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c < 7%) with a history of diabetes for 1-10 years attending the medical OPD of Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, Gulbarga. Diabetics with HbA1c 5-6% were grouped as group-1 and those with HbA1c 6-7% as group 2. The visual reaction time for a green and red light and auditory reaction time for tone and click sound were measured by using reaction time apparatus 2x4, Anand agencies Pune. HbA1c was done by the micro-column method. Results. The visual and auditory reaction time of diabetics with HbA1c 5-6% was faster as compared to the diabetics with HbA1c 6-7% with P< 0.001 and a statistically significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c levels and the visual and auditory reaction time. Conclusion. Poor glycemic control slows psychomotor responses and thus affects the visual and auditory reaction time.

Background. Approximately 50 % of cancer patients have pain in their daily lives, which is multifaceted sensation goes beyond basic biochemical signal of pain. Oral mucositis is one of the negative consequences with intense pain, discomfort, challenges in speaking and eating. These components collectively influence patient's total quality of life across mental, biological, social aspects. Biopsychosocial model (BPS) is an effective technique for understanding and addressing conceptualization and treatment of pain in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to assess efficacy of the BPS in managing post-cancer distress and potential to improve quality of life for individuals with cancer. Material and Methods. This study evaluated 30 cancer patients who completed radiotherapy and were referred from cancer hospital. The examination encompasses three distinct categories: biological, psychological, and social components. The biological aspect was documented based on mucosal lesions and VAS scores for individuals; followed by photo-biomodulation was given. Palliative care was provided in psychological aspect through implementation of exercise, meditation, music therapy. The social component encompasses community engagement, social activities, counseling services for family members. Patients were categorized into 3 groups – A, B, C. All three components were carefully evaluated and one-month follow-up was done. Results. The outcome derived from statistical analysis of the data collected from groups A, B, and C. When group A was compared to group B, there was 46 % increase in quality of life. When group C was compared to group A, 65 % of patients exhibited favorable quality of life. The average VAS score of patients decreased from 9.2 to 4.5 after Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), demonstrating gradual decrease in discomfort. P value showed statistically significant (

A locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi-I model filled with strange quark matter (SQM) is explored in f(R, Lm) gravity as a non-linear functional of the form f(R, Lm)=R/2 +Lαm, where α is the free model parameter. We considered the special law of variation of Hubble’s parameter proposed by Berman (1983) and also used the power law relation between the scale factors to obtain the exact solution of the field equation, which matches the model of the universe. We also analyze the physical and geometrical aspects of the universe’s kinematic and dynamic behavior. Additionally, we employ equation-of-state (EoS) parameters and statefinder parameters as analytical tools to gain insights into the evolution of the universe. We use the ΛCDM model as a benchmark to validate the results. By placing the deviations of the universe from ΛCDM model and yet making important contributions to the study of the anisotropic nature of f(R, Lm) gravity within the framework of cosmological dynamics, the paper increases our comprehension of our cosmic evolution.

In the context of an obvious 32% growth, the relationship between the circular economy, risks and returns is becoming increasingly relevant. ESG indicators are increasingly pivotal in global investment decisions. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that ESG-mandated companies are more likely to yield sustainable long-term performance, advocating for investors to consider ESG-based mutual fund schemes. The research evaluates the performance of the top 10 high-capitalization and ESG equity funds, comparing them to the Nifty-50 benchmark index using various performance metrics. An increasing trend in ESG-compliant investing is observed, contributing to the circular economy. It was concluded that even post-risk adjustment, ESG funds remain lucrative, offering sound long-term returns. Statistically significant returns are noted in both funds and index. The study recommends companies revise policies towards ESG compliance and investors kindness ESG funds. The novelty of the study is that it gives a new insight into the performance of two different categories of funds, how well circular economy strategies can contain investment risk and provide risk-adjusted returns.

In this paper, we aim to describe the cosmic late-time acceleration of the Universe in f(R,Lm) gravity framework proposed by Harko (2010) with the help of an equation of state for strange quark matter. To achieve this, we adopt a specific form of f(R,Lm) gravity as f(R,Lm) =R/2}+ Lnm, where n is arbitrary constants. Here we utilize a hybrid scale factor to resolve the modified field equations in the context of f(R,Lm) gravity for an isotropic and homogeneous Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric in presence of strange quark matter (SQM). Also, we analyze the dynamics of energy density, pressure and the state finder parameters and explained the distinctions between our model and the current dark energy models in the presence of SQM. We observed a transition from an accelerating to a decelerating phase in the Universe, followed by a return to an accelerating phase at late times. Also, we analyzed the state finder diagnostic as well equation of state parameter and found that the model exhibited quintessence-like behavior. The conclusion drawn from our investigation was that the proposed f(R, Lm) cosmological model aligns well with recent observational studies and effectively describes the cosmic acceleration observed during late times.

Background: The fundamental principle of ayurveda is the tridosha theory (three doshas). These dosha are the causative and governing bio-energies responsible for the formation of body constitution. The vata dosha dominant personality have classical features like a small body frame when compared to kapha with large body built and broad anatomical structures. Pittaja body constitution has medium body built with reddish colouration and sharp features. Aim: This study aimed to correlate the radial artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and luminal diameter (LD) and further study its association with different body constitution (prakriti) and check the difference between the groups of prakriti. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done between May 2021 and June 2021 in the Department of Radiology, KLE Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital, Belagavi. Non-randomly selected volunteers ≥23 ±5years (n = 35) were divided into body constitution (prakriti) groups and evaluated for the IMT, LD (luminal diameter) of the radial artery using B-mode ultrasonography. Pearson’s co-relation was used to test the corelation between the luminal diameter and intimae media thickness of distal radial artery. Chi-square test of independence was used to check the association between luminal diameter and intimae media thickness of distal radial artery with body constitution. One-way ANOVA was used to study the difference between the groups of prakriti. Results: The mean luminal diameter (LD) in vataja body constitution (5%) was 1.450 ± 0.495 mm, pittaja body constitution (11%) was 1.750±0.10 mm, kaphaja constitution (11%) was 1.70± 0.30 mm, vatapittaja body constitution (11%) was 4.15±0.47 mm, vatakaphaja body constitution (26%) was 1.64±0.83 mm, pittakaphaja constitution (23%) as 2.3±0.15 mm and samadhatuja constitution (11%) had 1.8±0.189 mm. The mean intima media thickness (IMT) in vataja body constitution (5%) was 0.05± 0 mm, pittaja body constitution (11%) was 0.03±0 mm, kaphaja constitution (11%) was 0.05± 0.014 mm, vatapittaja body constitution (11%) was 0.107±0.09 mm, vatakaphaja body constitution (26%) was 0.83±0.07 mm, pittakaphaja constitution (23%) was 0.313±0.006 mm and samadhatuja constitution (11%) had 0.350 ± 0.012 mm. As per the analysis a low positive Pearson’s correlation was found between IMT and LD (r = 0.254) between the luminal diameter (LD) and intima medial thickness (IMT) of distal radial artery. Chi square test of independence has shown significant association between DRA dimensions (IMT, LD) and body constitution (prakriti), palpatory blood vessel consistency. Among the observed values the vatakaphaja body constitution (0.83±0.07 mm) had increased intima media thickness (IMT). Among all the observed values the vatapittaja body constitution had broadest DRA luminal diameter (LD) of 4.15±0.47mm. One way ANOVA showed no significant difference between the groups of prakiti and IMT, LD of distal radial artery. Conclusion: As per the observations of the present study different body constitution (prakriti) did not show any significant impact on distal radial artery dimensions (IMT and LD) as there are various factors like hormones, neural, blood volume regulators involved in vascular constriction and dilation. The prakriti assessment is a strong marker for prediction and the early diagnosis of diseases. This body constitution (prakriti) of an individual is the basic constituent on which the pulse wave variability of distal radial artery (DRA) acts.

Effect of water stress on leaf water relations and some secondary metabolites in root stem and leaf of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. has been studied. Mature potted plants were imposed to short term water stress. Moisture content, succulence index, mesophyll succulence index showed a very meager decline under water scarcity thereby showing its ability to maintain water status even under water deficiency. Significant rise in proline content in leaf followed by stem and root observed under water stress. Polyphenol and tannin content has increased considerably in all parts but more pronounced effect is seen in root. Maintenance of high succulence even under water stress and concurrent accumulation of secondary metabolites helps in membrane protection and osmoregulation influences for induction of facultative CAM.

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are a somewhat ongoing improvement in the field of seismic-safe steel structures. Their unmistakable component is the non-clasping conduct regularly accomplished by encasing a steel center in a substantially filled cylinder. However, choices have been proposed. Controlling the support from clasping improves malleability essentially and permits symmetric reaction under pressure or pressure powers. The plan of BRB outlines should consider various explicit issues that are not covered by Indian norms and guidelines. This specific task looks at utilizing BRB inside fortifying of built-up substantial casing developments to meet seismic details dependent on the Indian seismic plan and style code. Flexible reaction range examination just as nonlinear period verifiable past assessment is finished by taking a real designing model which experiences feeble first-floor inconsistency because of extra expansion and heaps of only one story. With all the way to deal with comparable solidness just as removal-based plan technique, clasping limited support factors are reasoned and accordingly are familiar with model BRB in ETABS using plastic wen form. 3 arrangements of clasping limited sections are breaking down alongside normal supports. The relationship in the middle of the fundamental cross piece of customary supports and BRB is concluded because of the definition of computing versatile bearing ability precisely where it’s shown that the spot of the run of the mill supports must be 1.25 events that of BRB for guaranteeing the very same by and large execution. The outcome uncovers that Inverted V support design shown much better usefulness over single support just as V support setups just as X support arrangement, however not exhorted by Indian code, is mimicked just as applied to this undertaking and contains exhibited preferred execution moreover some different arrangements. The extra exploration about the practical use of this support is generally suggested. Moreover, under the movement of significant seismic tremors, by nonlinear time chronicled past assessment, clasping controlled supports showed much better usefulness of reinforcing the construction just as success runs over the need for code. Under this specific condition, conventional supports misfortunes their bearing limit because of unnecessary buckling.