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Preclinical prediction of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) is one of the priorities of current research. Children at risk of ASD develop an atypical visual perception profile early in their lives, which influences their visual responsiveness, distribution of attention, and social orienting. In this study we have compared the oculomotor behavior in an infant at familial risk of ASD with data from two 10-month infants with typical development. The SMI RED500 eye tracker was used for acquisition. Most parameters of visual perception in the at-risk infant were found to differ significantly from these of the controls. The strategy of visual search in the at-risk infant was generally less successful (13% of attempts vs 31% and 56% in the controls) with a tendency to focus predominantly on social stimuli (50% of the total gaze time). The said changes together with longer fixation duration (576.41 ms vs 527.77 and 386.72 ms in the two controls), lower saccadic frequency (1.74 counts/ms vs 1.84 and 2.18 counts/ms), and shorter scan path length (2774.24 px vs 3612.58 and 3985.43 px) may result in difficulties in switching tasks and processing information.

Objective: To create a complex computerized method of objectification of dizziness and vertigo, and differentiation of vestibulopathies of various geneses using electrooculography approach that allows to record and analyze spontaneous, vestibular- and visually-induced eye movements, with the following classification (discriminant) analysis of the results obtained., Material and Methods: The study involved 69 patients of different sex and age complained of dizziness, vertigo and disequilibrium, and 64 healthy men. Based on the results of clinical examination, patients were divided into three groups: patients with peripheral vestibulopathy, patients with central vestibulopathy and patients with psychogenic vestibulopathy. Electrooculography was performed using the hardware-software complex (HSC) "OCULOSTIM-CM"., Results and Conclusion: Significant diagnostic parameters based on the recognition and analysis of spontaneous, vestibular- and visually-induced eye movements were coefficients of efficacy and increased frequency of fixation saccades and smooth pursuit with- and without retinal optokinetic stimulation. We developed the algorithm and complex computerized method for differentiation of different types of vestibulopathy.

The article presents the results of oculomotor reaction investigations during 24-hour sleep deprivation of 10 normal male subjects aged 25 to 30 yrs. Video nistagmograph VNG System VO-25 was used for binocular registration of eye movements. The proposed video procedures for assessment of the functional ability of human operator are a balancing test, investigation of saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements. The balancing test is designed to determine the nystagmic activity, the saccade test, latency, peak velocity and precision of saccades, and the smooth tracking test, standard errors in tracking velocity and displacement In addition to video oculography, velocity of a simple sensorimotor reaction was measured and the self-rating scale of well-being, alertness and mood (SAN) was employed. The balancing test showed balancing nystagmus; occurrence of this nystagmus grew high with desynchronosis. Saccades registered during sleep deprivation pointed to a considerable decline of velocity, less noticeable extension of latency and degradation of precision. Sleep deprivation reduced values of the mean coefficient of gain and increased the standard error in velocity and displacement of smooth eye tracking.

The article gives an account of an original integral software enabling to acquire objective information about different level oculomotor and vestibular systems, detail vestibulo-visual interactions, make topic diagnosis and predict the quality of operator's tracking efficiency. The software can be useful in aerospace, transport, underwater, and sports medicine for selection and medical checking of sensory systems in respective contingents. It may also be introduced into the clinical practice of differential diagnostics of vestibular disorders, i.e. otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, and neurology.

The effect of stress factors on the oculomotor reactions of electric train drivers with various degrees of fatigue was studied in a modelled accidental situation. The spatio-temporal parameters of oculomotor reactions were shown to characterize not always correctly the state of a driver. More informative were found to be the values of asymmetry of saccades obtained by separate recordings of the right and left eye movements. A comparison between the character of the phase saccade disturbances of tired operators and that of patients with a deficiency in cerebral blood supply showed that the latter may be used as a model.