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The experiments were performed on 34 dogs. The subcutaneous injection of boiled pancreatic juice was established to increase the survival of dogs in acute destructive pancreatitis (p < 0.001) and to decrease the specific volume damage to acinar (p < 0.01) and interstitial (p < 0.05) pancreatic tissue. It was also shown that boiled pancreatic autojuice exerted the therapeutic effect in chronic pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic fistulas. Five peptide components with a molecular mass from 4168 D to 1000 were discovered in the canine boiled pancreatic juice by liquid high pressure chromatography. Fractions with a molecular mass between 2187 and 1348 D were found to correspond to biologically active peptides, in particular to somatostatin. It is assumed that the therapeutic effect of boiled pancreatic juice used in acute pancreatitis may be due to somatostatin. Apparently pancreatic juice may turn an efficient therapeutic agent in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic fistulas.

Pancreatic pseudocysts were observed in 50 patients and created in the experiment in 48 dogs. Depending on cyst communication with the pancreatic ducts, their patency and outflow through them of a pancreatic secret into the duodenum, the progressive, stable and intermittent pancreatic pseudocysts have been distinguished.

The administration of own pancreatic juice induced no inhibition of pancreatic secretion in puppies of 1, 1-1.5 and 1.5-2 months of age. The inhibitory effect of amylase develops the first, of lipase--the last. Strictly selective inhibitory responses of the pancreas to intraduodenal administration of pancreatic enzymes inherent in adult dogs, were not revealed in puppies. The data obtained suggest a heterochronous character of the formation of regulatory mechanisms of the pancreatic secretion correction from the duodenum in ontogenesis.

Enteral administration of pancreatic juice in 17 patients after pancreatoduodenal resection caused a decrease in the activity of trypsin, amylase and lipase, pancreatic lipase and trypsin of the pancreatic juice in the blood. The increase in the level of insulin in the blood was noted. The mentioned method can be used for prevention of the development of postoperative pancreatogenic complications.

In 22 dogs with polyfistulas, isolation of the duodenum from digestion accelerates gastric evacuation. Evacuation of protein and starch solutions from the stomach is determined by the effect of products of their hydrolysis in the small intestine and duodenum. Different segments of intestine affect the evacuation in different ways.

In pancreatic atrophy the normal digestive dynamics of pancreatic juice volume, concentrations and outputs of proteolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and bicarbonate are disturbed. The changes of enzymic dynamics are revealed before those of pancreatic juice volume and bicarbonate concentration. The subcutaneous injections of boiled pancreatic juice didn't restore dynamics of indices studied but maintained their levels during the more prolonged period.

In chronic experiments on dogs, within 10-14 days after transposition of the main duct of pancreas to intestinum jejunum hypersecretion of gastric glands and acid secretion in empty stomach developed followed in 1.5-2.0 months by gradual reconstruction of initial secretion. Transposition of the ducts in the period of hypersecretion of gastric glands reduces the number of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and in the intestinum jejunum with following restoration of the number and the density of these cells in distal sections of the duodenum and intestinum jejunum, but not in the proximal those. The pancreatic secretion in the duodenum appears to be essential for the regulation of gastric secretion.

Chronic experiments on dogs have shown that pancreatic atrophy development and decreased secretion of the pancreas are associated with atrophic alterations in the duodenal mucosa, bearing resemblance to the picture of chronic duodenitis. During subcutaneous injections of boiled pancreatic juice the pancreatic atrophy development was delayed and the duodenal mucosa looked almost normal. Hyperplasia of Brunner's glands was revealed in the course of pancreatic atrophy development. There is every reason to regard hyperplasia as a compensatory-adaptive process directed at the maintenance of pH level and mucoprotein intestinal concentration.

Functional heterogeneity of the small intestine is discussed with consideration to the heterogeneity of the enterocyte populations by the accumulating and autoregulating properties and the systems of the initial and final absorption stages (particularly by their time organization parameters).

Following ligation of the bile-pancreatic duct in rats a determination was made on the 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th day in 6 segments of their small intestine of the mucous-serous glucose transport by the concentration gradient and against it (a modified method of the "inside out turned sac"). Reconstruction dynamics of the transport systems characterized by a different dependence on the energy sources varied in each of the intestinal segments. At the early postoperative periods the transport became intensified by the concentration gradient; at the later periods the transport was against this gradient.

In chronic experiments on dogs, soon after ligation of the pancreatic duct, amylase increases in the peripheral blood as well as the total amylase and lipase release in liquid and solid portions of the secret from isolated parts of the small intestine. The alpha--amylase release was shown to depend on the level of the blood amylolytic activity and on secretory activity of small intestine. The alpha--amylase and lipase release is more increased at mechanical rather than at chemical stimulation of the small intestine. After the secretory function of the pancreas is excluded, two stages of compensatory--adaptive changes occur in the secretory activity of small intestine: first the compensation is due to less energy--consuming processes (recretion of the blood enzymes), and further the compensatory mechanisms of the small intestine become involved.

The transposition of the pancreatic duct into the jejunum accelerated the evacuation of acid solution from the stomach while decelerating that of bicarbonate solution. The motor periodicity of the stomach obviously changed, at that: the duration of working and resting phases, the rate and the strength of the stomach contractions. The data obtained suggest regulatory effects of the pancreatic juice from the duodenum upon the stomach motor-evacuatory activity.