Search

An increase in life expectancy in developed countries is inevitably accompanied by an increase in the number of nonmelanoma skin diseases, which are primarily represented by basal cell cancer (BCC) occurring in elderly and old-age patients. The pathogenesis of such diseases is associated both with impaired proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes of the epidermal basal layer, as well as with the transformation of the vasculature in the papillary dermis in the vicinity of BCC. In recent years, such conditions have been increasingly treated using CO2 , neodymium, diode and pulsed-dye lasers. In many cases, these devices allow malignant BCC cells to be successfully eliminated. However, the use of near-infrared lasers in the periorbital area is limited due to a higher risk of damaging the organs of the visual system. Therefore, a search for new laser surgery methods that can be used for treating malignant skin tumours seems to be a prospective research direction.Methods. 3 male and 9 female patients diagnosed with primary BCC were treated using a copper vapour laser (Yakhroma-Med). The age of the patients varied from 34 to 77 years. Laser treatment was carried out in one session under the following irradiation parameters: the wavelength of 511 and 578 nm, the average power of up to 3 W and a series of 15 ns pulses. The pause between the pulses was 60 μs, with the exposure time ranging from 200 to 600 ms. The light spot diameter on the skin surface was 1 mm. The follow-up monitoring duration was 24 months.Results. In all the BCC patients, one session of copper vapour laser treatment allowed malignant cells in the disease area to be completely eliminated without relapses during 2 years after the therapy. The duration of skin healing in the irradiated area was 2 weeks in patients under the age of 40 years, compared to 3–4 weeks in elderly patients. After the treatment, short-term side effects, such as a slight edema, erythema and peeling, were observed.

The confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo is a promising study method to visualize cell structures of epidermis and papillary dermis without affecting the skin integrity, which provides for a resolution and contrast similar to those characteristic of the classical histology examination. Goal. To assess the confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo (CLSM) technique for diagnosing actinic keratosis, psoriasis vulgaris and rosacea vs. the classical histology examination. Study materials. The article describes the results obtained by using the confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo technique vs. the histology examination in 10 patients with erythematous actinic keratosis, 10 patients with extensive psoriasis and 10 patients with erythematous and papulous rosacea. Results. The article describes diagnostically significant signs of the diseases detected by using the confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo as well as the potential of this method in terms of diagnosing inflammatory skin diseases.

Эластическая псевдоксантома – наследственное системное заболевание соединительной ткани, характеризующееся минерализацией и фрагментацией эластических волокон в различных участках кожи, сетчатки и сердечно-сосудистой системы. Известны четыре формы этого заболевания, передающиеся доминантным или рецессивным геном. Как правило, высыпания проявляются более отчетливо во второй декаде жизни и характеризуются появлением маленьких желтоватых папул, локализующихся в области крупных складок, шеи, подвздошных гребней, реже в области паха, околопупочной области или области коленных суставов. Офтальмологические нарушения выражаются в появлении ангиоидных стрий или развитием дегенеративного хориоретинального воспаления, приводящим к слепоте в отсутствие адекватной терапии. Повышение артериального давления, внезапная сердечная смерть, инсульт или геморрагический синдром являются наиболее частыми исходами при вовлечении сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов с эластической псевдоксантомой., Elastic pseudoxanthoma is a hereditary disorder of the connective tissue, characterized by calcification of elastic fibers, in various areas of the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system. Four known forms of this disease are encoded by a dominant or recessive gene. As a rule, rash is visualized in the second decade of life and is manifested by small yellowish papules localized in the area of large folds, neck, iliac crests, less often in the groin, umbilical region, or knee joints. Ophthalmic lesions are manifested by angioid streaks and degenerative chorioretinal inflammation (H30), leading to blindness. Increased blood pressure, sudden cardiac death, stroke, or hemorrhagic syndrome are the most common outcomes of cardiovascular damage in case of elastic pseudoxanthoma., Дерматовенерология Косметология, Выпуск 1-2 2020

1 ; Common path probes are highly desirable for optical coherence tomography as they reduce system complexity and cost by eliminating the need of dispersion compensation and polarization controlling optics. In this work, we demonstrate a monolithic ball lens based, common path, side viewing probe that is suitable for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. The probe design parameters were simulated in Zemax modeling software and the simulated performance parameters were compared with experimental results. We characterized the performance of the probe by measuring its collection efficiency, resolution, and sensitivity. Our results demonstrated that with a source input power of 25 mW, we could achieve sensitivity of 100.5 dB, which is within 7 dB of the maximum possible sensitivity that could be achieved using a separate reference arm. The axial resolution of the system was found to be 15.6 µm in air and the lateral resolution (full width half maximum) was approximately 49 µm. The probe optics were assembled in a 1 mm diameter hypotube with a 500 µm inner diameter. Images of finger skin acquired using this probe demonstrated clear visualization of the stratum corneum, epidermis, and papillary dermis, along with sweat ducts.