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Morphological changes in decellularized allogenic trachea populated with recipient bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells and transplanted heterotopically, were examined in 30 C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice of 22-25 g body mass. The research results have shown the insufficient efficacy of a transplant preparation mode by freezing and thawing method as in this case inflammatory reaction developed in the transplant area and its rejection took place. It was established that the mode of obtaining decellularized tracheal transplant by means of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) treatment, proposed by the authors, unlike a freezing-thawing mode, allowed to efficiently remove immunocompetent cells that expressed MHC I and II markers. NaClO4 effect did not result in either chondrocyte damage or significant disturbance of tracheal cartilaginous and connective tissue structure in heterotopic transplants. Since transplant population with bone marrow stromal stem cells promoted connective tissue restoration, reduced the formation of granulations in anastomosis area and favored faster transplant epithelization, most promising method of trachea preparation for transplantation apparently seems to be the combination of immune cell removal from this organ by NaClO4 treatment with subsequent bone marrow stromal stem cell population of transplant obtained.

The procedure of obtaining DNA-containing cell envelopes ("micromummies") of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi using chaotropic salts has been developed previously and the possibility of their direct application in PCR has been demonstrated. The fine structure of micromummies has been studied by electron microscopic methods. This work has demonstrated that additional treatment of micromummies of yeasts and gram-positive bacteria with proteinase K results in hydrolytic degradation of cell proteins and drastic enhancement of cell wall permeability for macromolecules (DNA). Thus, the efficiency of PCR ex situ using resultant micromummies after washing off the products of protein hydrolysis and proteinase K can be increased. The results of electron microscopic study of ultrathin sections of yeasts (Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus subtilis) support the biochemical data that treatment with chaotropic salts and proteinase K results in the loosening of microbial cell walls and in a decrease in the intracellular protein content. At the same time, cell walls generally maintain their integrity (continuity) and initial spherical or rodlike shape. The optimal modes of treatment of the cells of different microbial species with chaotropic salts and proteinase K have been selected to obtain permeabilized cell envelopes containing denatured or native DNA.

The influence of CNS-, ClO4-, NO3-, and SO4(2-) on the kinetics of acid hemolysis of erythrocytes of man, lamb, rat and rabbit was investigated. These chaotropic anions exercised strong and specific effects on the extent and time course of acid hemolysis under such conditions. In accordance with the intensity of the exercised antihemolytic effect, these anions formed a row coinciding with the Hoffmeister's row of their chaotropic action. The results demonstrate the impact of intermolecular interactions disturbance applied mainly on the cell membrane on the mechanism of acid hemolysis.

NH4ClO4 has been studied for its effect on the voltage-activated calcium current (ICa) in voltage-clamp experiments on intracellularly perfused snail neurons and on the chemokinesis of rat leukocytes. It has been found that NH4ClO4 enhances ICa amplitude 1.5-5 times (EC50 = 3 mmol/l), decreases the rate of ICa decay and stimulates mobility of leukocytes 3 times (EC50 = 2.5 mmol/l). It is suggested that these changes may be intermediated by similar mechanisms, e.g. by an increase in intracellular pH.

In experiments on rats it was established that the compound CAM-300 in a dose of 2 mg/kg did not induce body mass growth, protein biological value increase or pepsinogen concentration change in the gastric mucosa. Fenobolin stimulation of growth in the experimental animals was attended by a three-fold rise in pepsinogen concentration in the gastric mucosa, the pure utilization of protein being unchanged. The action of the compound 6-(6,10-dioxyundecyl)-beta-resorcin acid gamma-lacton (International Minerals Corporation) did not change biological value and the pure utilization of protein, pepsinogen concentration in the gastric mucosa was slightly lowered. Evaluation of the pure utilization of protein is the principle test in the estimation of the compound anabolic effect.

Some physico-chemical properties of dysentery therapeutic-prophylactic Newcastle-phages H-17 and H-18 were studied. Both phages were shown to be resistant to sodium dodecyl sulphate at room temperature. Phage H-17 at room temperature was completely inactivated and phage H-18 inactivated by 40% by 1 M sodium hydrochloride. Phage H-18 was completely inactivated by 4 M sodium hydrochloride. Morphology and sizes of the phages are described. The buoyant density of phage H-17 was found to be 1.497 g/cm3, and of phage H-18 1.504 g/cm3. DNA of both phages were identified as double-stranded on the basis of the pattern of melting curve, of interaction with formaldehyde and absorption spectrum in solutions with various ionic strengths. The melting point of DNA of phage H-17 is 83.63 degrees C, phage H-18 89.67 degrees.

Dependence of the HCO--3-stimulated ATPase activity from nuclei and mitochondria of rat ovary ascites tumor cells on pH and concentration of bicarbonate ions was studied. PCMB, NaN3, NaCNS, NaClO4 and NaF inhibited the HCO--3-stimulated ATPase activity. The properties of HCO--3-sensitive ATPase from rat ovary ascites tumor cells were similar to that of HCO--3-ATPases from other tissues.

Anion-sensitive ATPase was solubilized from membranes to rat red blood cells. The effect of bicarhonate, sulfite and perchlorate on the activity of ATPase was studied. Close resemblance of the properties of ATPase of rat red blood cells and of mitochondrial ATPase was observed.

The influence of potassium iodide and perchlorate on the parameters characterizing the thypoid hormones secretion, such as the cAMP level in the gland tissue and the number of intracellular colloid droplets under condition of stimulation by thyrotropic hormone was studied. It was shown that the abovementioned parameters were depressed by an excess of iodide, but perchlorate administration prevented the inhibitory effect of iodide. The results obtained favour the conception on the sensitivity of the thyroid adenylate cyclase system to the organic iodine concentration. Apparently and excess of iodide depressed the capacity of perchlorate to influence its concentration in the gland, and thereby the process of iodine organification and of the thyroid hormone secretion maintained at the optimal leve.

In homogenate and mitochondria of cortex and medulla of rat kidney a stimulating effect of different concentrations of bicarbonate on the ATPase activity was studied. By the rate of inhibition of Mg2+-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase, thiocyanate, perchlorate and azide were distributed as follows: N3 greater than CNS greater than ClO4. Thiocyanate inhibited non-competitively the HCO3-stimulated ATPase activity. The similarity was observed between HCO3-stimulated ATPase from rat kidney and bicarbonate-stimulated ATPase from other cells.