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Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but its influence on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not fully clarifed at present. The obesity growth in all economically developed countries is connected with NAFLD, which is found in 20-40% of adults and is also associated with increasing CVD risk. The objective is to study the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD in connection with increased CVD risk and intensity of the liver fbrosis. Material and methods. A total of 129 patients with obesity and MetS aged from 27 to 59 years old were investigated and the correlation of fbrosis intensity (according to the METAVIR scoring system) with glucose metabolism parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma was estimated. Results. It has been found a positive correlation between the intensity of liver fbrosis and concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1 in plasma of patients with F3-4 were signifcantly higher not only compared to F0– patients (p

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors related to GITD within the Russian Federation population from 2010 to 2022. Methods: Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data from the statistical compilation "Healthcare in Russia" of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for the Russian Federation between 2010 and 2022. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of the quantitative data distribution. Results: In 2010, a share of GITD stood at 7.1% of the total morbidity burden (TMB), which decreased to 6% by 2022. A closer examination of mortality rates associated with these diseases revealed an overall increase of 9.3%. This translates to an average of 66.7 deaths per 100,000 individuals, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 64.2 to 69.3. In working-age populations, the increase was slightly lower at 4.2%, with a recorded rate of 48.8 deaths per 100,000 and a 95% CI from 46.4 to 51.2. Mortality rates also varied by gender: the male population showed a modest increase of 1.1%, with a death rate of 65.2 (95% CI 59.3-71.1), while the women population demonstrated a sharper rise of 12%, reporting an average of 27.6 deaths (95% CI 25.8-29.3). On a more positive note, GITB mortality among children aged 0-14 years saw a significant decline, dropping by 1.75 times, resulting in a rate of 0.70 [0.50-0.70]. In the youngest age group, children under 1 year old experienced an even more dramatic drop, with rates falling by 2.5 times to 0.40 [0.30-0.50]. Overall, the GITD prevalence in the population decreased by 7.3%. Among specific conditions, gastric and duodenal ulcers showed a notable reduction, declining by 1.5 times. Additionally, an epidemiological analysis revealed a significant decrease in the GITD incidence rates, which fell by 18.8%, while gastric and duodenal ulcer rates dropped by 1.6 times. Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors revealed trends in the increasing mortality rates associated with GITD. However, there has also been a noted decrease in the prevalence and incidence of GITD among the population. These findings highlight the importance of implementing comprehensive preventive measures, such as expanding the coverage of medical examinations, introducing new screening methods, and promoting a healthy lifestyle

The stages of the modern Russian scientiic school of comprehensive exploitation of mineral resourcesformation, the main directions of which were concentrated in the Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources are considered. The main directions of ICEMR scientiic activity and the most important results of fundamental and applied research are presented, which are the scientiic Ьasis of modern research related to the safety of mineral reserves use provision. The importance of studying the coal and methane interaction, gas dynamic phenomena in coal mines, coal seam degassing technologies and mine methane utilization, mathematical modeling and solving proЬlems in the ield of stressed-deformed state, strength, fracturing mechanics, thermal conductivity, hydromechanics, forced viЬration, etc. are outlined.The effectiveness analysis of the state, academic and industrial Ьranch scientiic centers, university science, design organizations and mining companies joint efforts to reduce industrial injuries in the mining sector of the Russian economy is conducted. The need for targeted measures to move to new technical-technological and regulatory levels of mining, allowing to prevent the accidents with massive fatal injuries, was determined. The solution of these tasks is possiЬle only Ьy comЬining the efforts of the specialized institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, of the Ьranch science, of universities and mining companies through the implementation of the "Mining Safety" Scientiic Research Comprehensive Plan, coordinated Ьy ICEMR RAS.

Subject of research: providing of enabling environment through the use of underground subsurface resources for the purposes of civil construction is the main trend of the modern development of society. Large-scale development of the megacities subsoils and urban-industrial agglomerations faces significant threats caused by the risks of the consequences of techno-genic impact on the rock massif of urbanized areas, which requires the use of special construction geotechnologies and construction specialists of appropriate qualifications. Objectives: for efficient development of underground space, it is necessary to solve problems at the junction of construction and mining sciences with the formation of a modern system of scientific and methodological support for the training of personnel in this field. It is necessary to use the scientific, educational, innovative and intellectual potential of academic science and national research universities most fully and effectively. Materials and methods: proceeding from the necessity of convergence of science and education, with the goal of integrating efforts and improving the efficiency of scientific research and educational activities aimed at the Russian mining and construction industry effective development providing, the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering and the Institute for Complex Development of Mineral Resources of the Russian Academy of Sciences created the basic department “Development of Underground Spaces”. Results and conclusions: the conducted complex of organizational and management measures, taking into account the potential of leading scientific and educational schools, has made it possible to form the basis for the development of the competencies of future engineers-constructors and highly qualified personnel (masters, candidates and doctors of sciences) in the field of construction geo-technologies, which will be responsible for effective and safe development of megacities subsoils and urban-industrial agglomerations.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and remain the main cause of mortality in this category of patients. Currently, there is more and more data that confirm the influence of nutritional factors not only on the achievement of target values of metabolic parameters in diabetes, but also on predictors of cardiovascular risk, and also demonstrate their role as independent predictors. In this regard, the study of the role of nutritional factors in the formation of high cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM is of high practical importance and relevance. The aim was to assess the role of nutritional factors in the formation of high total cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM. Material and methods . An open clinical controlled prospective observation was carried out for one year in 110 patients with T2DM (87 women and 23 men, mean age 56.7±8.6 years). The average value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the group was 8.95±2.09%, the av erage value of the body mass index was 32.3±6.2 kg/m 2 . All patients were assessed for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, nutritional status was assessed by analyzing the frequency of consumption and a general semi-quantitative assessment of the intake of nutrients, food groups, and energy. During a one-year prospective follow-up, total cardiovascular endpoints were recorded and the effect of patient education on metabolic parameters, nutritional factors, and cardiovascular risk was assessed. Results . In patients with T2DM who had various clinical forms of cardiovascular diseases, the diet had an increased level of fats, which exceeded the intake in individuals without complications (p=0.013), and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p=0.003). The risk of developing cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM increased by 5 times under excessive consumption of products containing SFA (meat, animal fats, sausages) (OR 5.34; CI 3.05-10.22, p=0.001). The decrease in body weight in the target range (by 7-10% during the year) was characterized by a decrease in the HbA1c by 11.9%, postprandial glycemia by 25.7%, total cholesterol by 20.4%, atherogenic coefficient by 25.0%, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by 8.5%, highly sensitive C-reactive protein by 27.4%, systolic blood pressure by 6.9%, and also was accompanied by significant decrease in unfavorable total cardiovascular events during the year (p=0.024). In addition, in the group of patients who underwent training, there was a decrease in the total amount of calories consumed (p=0.018), consumption of SFA (p=0.021) and mono- and disaccharides (p=0.001), an increase in dietary fiber in the diet (p=0.015). Conclusion . In the course of the study, an imbalance in the nutritional components of the diet in patients with T2DM was revealed. The significant role of alimentary factors in the formation of high cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated, as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic education of patients in terms of managing behavioral risk factors., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The aim of the work was to analyze education technologies efficacy using group methods of prevention (body mass correction school) in patients with overweight and obesity, living in Extreme North, according to a 5-year prospective survey. 181 Extreme North alien inhabitants have been investigated (23.2% men, 76.8% women) with overweight and obesity. 144 of them were surveyed during 5 years. Age median was 37 (29-49) years, including men - 33 (29-43) and women - 39.5 (27.5-48) (p=0.123). All participants were divided into 2 groups depending on preventive group education compliance. Group 1 received brief recommendations for the inspection, Group 2 was trained with the group of preventive counseling. Within 3 months of surveillance target body mass reduction was achieved by 11.3% of patients of the group 1 and 31.5% of patients of the group 2 (p=0.0018). By the end of the first year these parameters proved to be 7% and 16.4% (p=0.0453). After that there was no significant difference between groups, although about 5-6% of responders kept the achieved target of BM reduction even in group 1. Group prevention consulting is associated with short time reduction of such risk factors prevalence as low physical activity (from 86.3 to 61.1% during 3 months, p<0.005), insufficient fruits and vegetables consumption and violation of macro- and micronutrient composition of the daily diet. It is also accompanied with lower cumulative proportion of patients without all metabolic syndrome components (Cox's F-Test: F=2.61; p=0.0178) and a significant reduction of percent of patients having SCORE-risk >5% (p=0.0461) after 5 years of surveillance. Thus, group preventive consulting raises awareness of patients about their health status, leads to daily meal ratio impairment reduction, decreases prevalence of obesity and low physical activity in short time period and reduces MS - risk. During 3 months after consulting body mass reduction (of 5% or more) was observed in 30% of patients. Achieved result is stable within following 12 months in less than 16% of patients. In the longer term, education is accompanied by a decrease in MS risk and some reduction in SCORE-risk., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Aim. To estimate the efficacy and prognostic value of individual consulting in Far North inhabitants during a 5 year survey. Materials and methods. 125 patients with metabolic syndrome were included in the study (24.8% women, 24.8% men, age median 45 years (39-48); p > 0.05). All the participants were divided into 2 groups dependence on the consulting frequency in the framework of the non-surgical body mass reduction programs (group 1 - single consulting, group 2 - repeated consultings in 12 months). Results. Individual consulting of patients with MS within 3 months after the onset of the study allowed the target body mass to be achieved in 50% of the patients in association with the reduction of atherogenic lipid fractions (p < 0,05), insulin resistance (p < 0,05), inflammation markers, hemostasis disorders markers (p < 0,05) and decrease in the number of patients with behavioral risk factors. Repeated educational module increased the relative probability 1,9 (95% CI 1,03-3,6) and odds ratio - 2.4 (95% CI 1,01-5,4) of body mass maintenance within 24 months and also reduced the risk of type 2 DM development (Cox's F-Test: F = 2,7; p = 0,041) and atherogenicity of lipid profile after 5 year observations. Conclusion. Our results proves the necessity of active utilization of educational modules at least as often as once a year. For the successful use of these modules based at outpatient facilities of the Far North it is necessary to include a dietologist in the staff of prophylactic departments which encounters difficulty under the modern funding mode.

The paper presents data on the hygienic assessment of the content of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil on the territory of oil-producing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan. The average total content of lead (10,1 mg/kg), cadmium (0.073 mg/kg), manganese (792.4 mg/kg), cobalt (14.2 mg/kg), chromium (87.6 mg/kg), nickel (65.2 mg/ kg), arsenic (8.0 mg/kg), copper (36.6 mg/kg) and zinc (521 mg/kg) in soil for agricultural purposes near objects oil production was shown not to exceed the established hygienic standards. Soil contamination with oil products leads to an increase in its toxicity and mutagenicity. Soil contamination with oil products at the level of as low as 30 mg/ kg leads to the gain in its toxicity (low toxicity) and mutagenicity (average) (specific gravity of germinated seeds was 70.7±0.67%, aberrations - 1.78±0.19%).

Aim: To study levels of systemic inflammation markers and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAL-1) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and establish their relationship with the progress of selected stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Materials and Methods: 129 patients aged 18-59 yr with abdominal obesity and MS underwent elastometry for the assessment of the degree of fibrosis depending on concomitant metabolic disorders and measurement of proinflammatory cytokine levels., Results: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in MS patients are associated with the high levels of systemic inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) and a two-fold rise in the PAI-1 level. The progress of fibrosis is associated with the increase of cytokine levels., Conclusion: Patients with MS and NAFLD associated with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism need to be examined by elastometry for the detection of fibrosis with simultaneous measurement of IL-6 and PAI-1 levels as cardiovascular risk factors.

The aim of the study carried out on cells of lines L-929 (NCTC a clone 929) and CHO was to examine whether the position of cleavage furrow is random or not. CHO cells were seeded in the traditional way (evenly across the surface of a Petri dish), and L-cell were put as colonies to monitor the migration of cells emanating from them. The time-lapse filming (imaging) was used for registration of behavior of cells. Analyzing the obtained images of cells, the angle between the axis of polarization of a cell and its cleavage furrow was measured. Besides, the angle between an axis of cell polarization or its cleavage furrow and the horizontal axis of image field was measured. It was shown that position of CHO cells in a dish plane was random as well as the value of the angle between the axis of polarization of these cells and their cleavage furrows. The L-929 cells migrating from colony were orientated so, that their polarization axis was directed to the colony center, and the cleavage furrow was perpendicular with this axis. Assumptions about nonrandom position of both cultivated cells during mitosis and their cleavage furrows were made.

Aim: To determine specific features of a course of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and changes in immunological status in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS)., Material and Methods: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, levels of cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides, cytokines and immunoglobulins were measured and glucose tolerance test was made in 120 patients with MS. Registration of ARVI during a year was verified by the presence of antigens in immunofluorescence reaction., Results: MS patients have obesity of an abdominal type and immunoresistance. Concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte count in blood increased proportionally to an increase in fat tissue mass, immunoglobulins content went down. ARVI in most evident MS were characterized by a sluggish and areactive onset, longer course, more frequent respiratory and cardiovascular complications., Conclusion: MS is a factor of risk of a sluggish and complicated course of ARVI.

Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, morpho-functional changes of the ovaries of albino rats after their monopolar coagulation were studied. Electrocoagulation was shown to cause hemodynamic changes in a perifocal area and short-term stimulation of follicular growth, but starting already at postoperational day 3, their atresia was increased, while by day 30 a significant reduction in number of both primordial and growing follicles, as well as of corpora lutea, was found. Ultrastructural changes of oocytes in primary and secondary follicles outside the coagulation zone were demonstrated at early stages and included the reduction of porous plate, cortical and yolk granule numbers, and the increase in numbers of lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Ascovertin, due to its antioxidant properties and by improving hemorheological parameters, exerts a protective action on ovarian generative apparatus and the state of microcirculation in the organ.

The effects of placebo and proxodolol, a new hybrid (beta-, alpha-) adrenoblocking agent, on exercise tolerance, hemodynamics and the conduction system were compared in 28 patients with coronary heart disease, Functional Class II-III exercise-induced angina pectoris at rest and during bicycle ergometric exercise test. Proxodolol was shown to exert a significant dose-dependent antianginal effect without producing any negative effect on atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction.

The antihypertensive efficacy and hemodynamic effects of the new hybrid (beta-, alpha-) adrenoceptor blocking agent proxodolol were studied in 74 patients with mild, moderate, and severe arterial hypertension who received a single dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg. Oral and intravenous proxodolol showed a significant dose-dependent antihypertensive action which was independent of the type of hemodynamics and manifested itself by decreasing cardiac output.

A simple method of preparation of functionally active subunits of C-reactive protein (CRP) is described. Antigenic and biological properties of CRP and its subunits were compared. CRP subunits are shown to differ from the native CRP molecule by antigenicity and mitogenicity. Simultaneously, their capacity to activate human blood phagocytes increases.

Fenozan, an anti-burn preparation, was shown to have antimicrobial activity against freshly isolated clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis, as well as against collection strains of the other gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial action of the preparation was possibly due to impairment of permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes in the sensitive bacterial cells and their liberation of intracellular low molecular weight compounds to the environment. The membranolytic and minimum inhibitory concentrations of fenozan with respect to the sensitive bacterial cells were one order of magnitude lower than the concentration stabilizing the membranes of animal cells in the treatment of burns. Combination of the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in fenozan was likely to provide its satisfactory therapeutic effect in the treatment of burn wounds.

Experiments in 86 rabbits and observation of 360 patients have shown the antibacterial therapy to be of limited use for the treatment of non-pulmonary tuberculosis. It was found that the antibacterial therapy failed to result in healing the caseous-destructive foci and to cure turebculosis of kidneys, bones, joints, female genitals and lymph nodes. It is considered to be a reason for surgical procedures according to principles of the focal surgery on non-pulmonary tuberculosis elaborated by P. G. Kornev and his school.

The nature of hemocirculatory and hormonal changes were studied in 68 patients with toxic goiter during lithium carbonate therapy. Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TTH) levels, function of the cardiovascular system, tissue blood flow and vascular permeability were investigated. A significant decrease in T4 and TTH levels in the hemocirculation was observed in thyrotoxicosis patients under the influence of lithium carbonate prompting the return of disturbed myocardial function to normal and rapid restoration of microcirculatory disorders (the isotonic nature of cardiac activity turned into isometric).

The analysis of 450 closed puncture biopsies of the kidneys permits to conclude that the employment of this method in a cardiological hospital provides rather valuable information on the state of the renal tissue in cases of various diseases entailing the arterial hypertension syndrome. The incidations for kidney biopsy include arterial hypertension, developing against the background of the nephrotic syndrome of varying genesis, clinically distinct glomerulonephritis (to precise its morphological variant), various forms of renovascular hypertension, and in some cases -- hypertensive form of pyelonephritis. Important complications such as macrohematuria and pararenal haematoma were observed in 25 cases. The employment of kidney biopsy in a cardiological clinic helped to make the diagnosis of the lesion underlying arterial hypertension, to choose the adequate method of treatment and to improve the prognosis of the disease.