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Introduction. On the one hand, polluted soils are a source of ecosystem degradation. On the other hand, it is a potential basis for the construction of structures. Construction works are constantly carried out at the sites of oil producing and oil processing enterprises. The construction of new and reconstruction of existing installations is accompanied by the demolition of old facilities up to the extraction of foundations from contaminated.Materials and methods. The assessment of oil-contaminated soils was carried out at existing enterprises of the oil complex during design and survey work to prepare sites for new construction. At the survey stage, the bearing capacity of contaminated soils was investigated using the stamp test method. The individual parameters necessary to assess the construction development of industrial sites without excavating contaminated soils were determined in a soil laboratory using standard methods.Results. The oil-contaminated soils under the sites of the reconstructed enterprises are distinguished by a variety of species composition, geomechanical properties and environmental indicators. Accordingly, the number of ways to eliminate pollution is diverse. The contaminated soils were washed with reagent solutions (flocculant, soda, carbonized water) through a network of drains and wells under pressure. At the same time, the contamination “trapped” in the pores and capillaries of the soil was transferred to a free state, followed by outflow into the drainage, interception of the contaminated liquid and its rise to the surface for subsequent cleaning.Conclusions. Taking into account the importance of the problem, the authors developed and introduced into construction practice a set of technologies that allow for the removal of hydrocarbon-containing pollutants in the territories of reconstructed and liquidated facilities of the oil complex, without extracting soils from recesses.

In the process of growth and development of forest belts, some of their taxation characteristics and design change. Forest reclamation complexes are subject to homeostasis. Changing the design of shelterbelts leads to crop shortages, loss of profits for agricultural organizations, as well as to the deterioration of the ecology of field soils. A way out of this situation can be found in the application of a system of measures, an important part of which is forestry measures. The aim of the research has been to determine the timing and types of forestry measures aimed at improving the agro-ecological efficiency of protective forest reclamation complexes on agricultural lands of the Krasnodar Territory. Data from the 2019 inventory of protective forest plantations and data obtained by the authors in 2015–2021 in the Kushchevskij and Leningradskij Districts of the Krasnodar Territory have been used. According to the data obtained, graphs of the dependence of stock on the age and height have been constructed for some tree species of field protection forest reclamation complexes. It has been established that in the study area the largest number of areas of shelterbelts have a dense structure – 538.5 ha, and 501.7 ha of them are trees of the III age class. A significant increase in the stock of plantations has been noted at the age of: Robinia pseudoacacia L. – 15 years, Fraxinus excelsior L. – 25 years, Gleditsia triacanthos L. – 10 years, Ulmus pumila L. – 35 years. The equations of the regressional dependence of stock on the age and height for the main tree species have been obtained. These equations can be used to predict the timing of forestry measures in order to maintain the openwork design of forest belts recommended for the region under study.

In small settlements, collectors for the sludge produced during water treatment processes are small-sized and located in the vicinity of drinking water storage reservoirs or in coastal areas. Sludge removal is not economical. Besides, the relief depressions formed after sludge disposal are required to be reclaimed. In ore mining regions, where the main settlements of the Urals are located, sludge produced in water treatment has high contents of heavy metals typical of ore mining provinces. Consequently, places of sludge accumulation are potential sources of water pollution. The article discusses the possibility to mix sludge with slaked lime and local overburden with the help of special equipment. So far water treatment sludge in the region has been used to reclaim the surface of solid waste landfills by creating anaerobic conditions for waste decomposition. When placed inside the embankment dams as an independent object, sludge needs to be improved for the increase of its bearing capacity and the ability to bind heavy metals. The article aims at the substantiation of the composition and properties of the reclamation material made of the water treatment sludge mixed with local overburden and slaked lime (technosoil). For this reason the paper describes the composition of the sludge in a sludge collector, the composition and properties of the overburden rocks as a component of the mixtures with water treatment sludge, the composition and properties of the mixtures of water treatment sludge with overburden rocks and Ca(OH)2 as a component dewatering sludge and neutralizing toxicants. Furthermore, the research work provides the technology created for the optimal processing of the water treatment sludge in the process of the reclamation of a sludge collector. The research results and the experience obtained in reclamation of disturbed lands in the region have confirmed the possible use of technosoil for the reclamation of small-capacity sludge collectors. The analysis of the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of the mixtures under study has shown that the most economical and environmentally sound reclamation material is a mixture of water treatment sludge, loose overburden dump soils and Ca(OH)2 in a ratio of 60 : 30 : 10 %.

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The study of the effect of mulching to establish vegetation cover at industrial sites is promising and relevant in terms of environmental restoration and reduction of environmental risks in the area of influence of industrial facilities. The study aims to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of mulching and sowing seed mixtures as a method of establishing vegetation cover at ash and slag dumps of thermal power plants. To conduct the study, the soil cover of ash and slag dumps was assessed, and experimental plots were laid out for mulching and sowing seed mixtures. The study revealed that ash and slag dumps ecotopes are characterised by a high concentration of pollutants, namely heavy metals, which makes it difficult for vegetation to grow there. In the course of studying the ecological features of the ecotopes and phytodiversity of the territory, a list of species of native flora for seed mixtures was proposed. Mulching was done on the experimental plots and seed mixtures were sown. Mulching has proven to be an effective method for accelerating the processes of natural regeneration of vegetation in areas affected by anthropogenic impact. The results of the study can be used in practice by ecologists, environmental organisations, and a wide range of specialists to develop and implement measures to restore the ecological balance of degraded and technologically transformed ecosystems

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The contamination of natural ecosystems with heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) primarily results from anthropogenic activities. Consequently, ongoing efforts are dedicated to the development of technologies aimed at restraining the mobility of HMMs and expediting chemical reactions that convert pollutants from mobile to immobile states. Addressing the reclamation issue always necessitates the selection of the most promising and effective type of reclamation work, as well as justification of land prioritization for reclamation purposes. In terms of performance and future potential, the sorbent-oriented approach, grounded in the concept of “green” utilization of man-made waste as a raw material for creating novel composite sorbents, is gaining traction for land reclamation in disturbed areas. In international practice, diverse environmental risk assessment methods are employed to substantiate the necessity for and prioritize reclamation efforts. The aim of the present study is to evaluate established conventional methods for assessing the risks associated with environmental harm. Additionally, this research aims to assess the efficacy and ecological compatibility of the composite sorbents developed by the author. This evaluation will be conducted by assessing and comparing the levels of potential environmental risks or risks of environmental damage subsequent to the application of these sorbents. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to explore the theoretical aspects of HMMs: including the formulation of a definition, investigation onto the origins of HMMs, examination of HMMs’ toxicity, and identification of prevalent methods for evaluating the environmental risks associated with HMMs; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of established methods for assessing the environmental risks posed by HMMs; 3) to assess the efficacy and environmental sustainability of the composite sorbents developed by the author. This evaluation will involve an examination and comparison of the levels of potential environmental risks and the risks of environmental damage subsequent to the a pplication of these sorbents. The research subject: the mining allotment within the Levikhinskoye mine (classified as an environmental disaster site) is investigated as a disturbed land ecosystem, encompassing industrial waste dumps containing HMMs. The research hypothesis aims to establish the viability of “green” waste utilization from industrial sources as a raw material for composite sorbents used in land reclamation, without escalating the environmental damage. The conducted experiments revealed that sorbents composed of peat/water treatment sludge (at a ratio of 20/80 wt. % with natural moisture content) and peat/diatomite/water treatment sludge (at a ratio of 5/15/80 wt. % with natural moisture content) exhibited the highest level of performance, surpassing an overall efficiency of 89%. A sorbent composed of peat/diatomite (at a ratio of 25/75 wt. % with natural moisture content) demonstrated an overall efficiency of 67.7%. The estimated environmental risks (ER and ED) after the application of the proprietary composite sorbents, which include water treatment sludge, exhibited an average reduction of 89.5% and 88%, respectively.

The research presents the problem of liquidation of dumps of substandard raw materials of zeolite-containing rocks of the Holinsky deposit, measures for the reclamation of disturbed lands. The most effective way to restore ecosystems is renaturation. Time intervals of succession are considered. Renaturation of disturbed lands consists of 6 stages. Possible dominant plants for the proposed options are considered in detail: Stipa lessingiana, Poa platensis, Festuca valesiaca, Poa angustifolia, Elytrigia intermedia, Artemisia vulgaris, Trifolium pratense , Trifolium repens, Agropyron desertorum.

Relevance. The need to dispose ash and slag waste from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 in Ulan-Ude, which have a negative impact on the environment. A promising way to eliminate environmental damage is the biological reclamation of ash dumps. Its result is manifested in greening dumps and reducing ash deflation. Aim. To study ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants in Ulan-Ude and establish the possibility of reclamation of ash dumps to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Objects. Ash and slag wastes from the ash dumps of CHPP-1 (ASW-1) and CHPP-2 (ASW-2) in Ulan-Ude. Methods. Chemical, X-ray phase, granulometric, microscopic methods of analysis. Results. The authors have determined chemical, mineralogical and grain compositions of ash and slag wastes from thermal power plants. It was established that they have a high content of silicon, aluminum and a low content of calcium and magnesium. Ash and slag contain vitreous, crystalline and organic components. In the waste, to a greater extent, there is a crystalline phase containing silica, mullite, hematite, magnetite and, to a lesser extent, a glass phase, represented mainly by minerals of the orthoclase group. In terms of granulometric composition, the waste from CHPP-1 is dominated by a finer fraction compared to CHPP-2. Laboratory studies of soil mixtures based on ash and slag waste and local ameliorants (sewage sludge, lignin and chicken manure) were carried out. The optimal ratio of soil components was determined, equal to 4:1:1:1. A beneficial effect of sewage sludge was revealed, as well as a negative effect of high doses of bird droppings on growth and development of plants. Pure ash and slag from CHPP-1 and CHPP-2 without introduction of ameliorants can act as an independent substrate for perennial grasses.

Microbiological remediation is a promising technology for the elimination of environmental contamination by oil and petroleum products, based on the use of the metabolic potential of microorganisms. The issue of environmental contamination by crude oil and its refined products is relevant in the Russian Federation since the oil industry is one of the leading sectors of the country. Mechanical and physico-chemical methods of treatment are widely used to clean oil-contaminated soils. However, the methods belonging to these groups have a number of significant drawbacks, which actualizes the development of new methods (mainly biological), since they are more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, less labor-intensive, and do not require the use of technical capacities. Various bio-based products based on strains and consortia of microorganisms have been developed that have proven effectiveness. They include certain genera of bacteria, microscopic fungi, and microalgae, substances or materials acting as sorbents of biological agents and designed to retain them in the soil and increase the efficiency of bioremediation, as well as some nutrients. Statistical data, the most effective methods, and technologies, as well as cases of using microorganisms to restore oil-contaminated soils in various climatic conditions are presented.

During the development of coal deposits, acid mine waters flowing to the surface cause the formation of acid sulphate soils. We study the effectiveness of soil reclamation by agrochemical and geochemical methods at the site of acid mine water discharge in the Kizel Coal Basin, carried out in 2005 using alkaline waste from soda production and activated sludge. A technosol with a stable phytocenosis was detected on the reclaimed site, and soddy-podzolic soil buried under the technogenic soil layer with no vegetation on the non-reclaimed site. The buried soddy-podzolic soil retains a strong acid рН concentration Н2О = 3. A high content of organic matter (8-1.5 %) is caused by carbonaceous particles; the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 40 cm. Technosol has a slightly acid pH reaction H2O = 5.5, the content of organic matter due to the use of activated sludge is 19-65 %, the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 20-40 cm. The total iron content in the upper layers of the technosol did not change (190-200 g/kg), the excess over the background reaches 15 times. There is no contamination with heavy metals and trace elements, single elevated concentrations of Li, Se, B and V are found.

Reforestation of overburden coal dumps requires new, complex reclamation methods. Competent and well-planned reclamation projects ensure a positive current-state evaluation of disturbed areas. The research objective was to describe the new vegetation that appears on natural areas after industrial disturbance. The study involved pioneer plant communities that developed on a coal dump slope on the Taldinskiy coal field, Kuzbass, in the summer of 2021.The research involved a wide range of engineering and geological surveys, as well as a set of methods of geobotanical, taxonomic, biomorphological, and ecological analyses. The data were obtained by remote sensing. The route reconnaissance of coal dumps with uncontrolled vegetation revealed the following results. The total plant cover on undisturbed areas had a mosaic pattern and ranged from 70 to 75%. The forest plat communities consisted of 101 plant species and 33 families. The maximal species diversity belonged to the following families: Asteraceae – 13 species, Fabaceae – 11 species, Poaceae – 8 species, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae – 5 species, Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Equisetaceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Salicaceae, and Scrophulariaceae – 2–4 species. The Taldinskiy coal field dump was evaluated as a technogenically disturbed site with a low biomorphological and species diversity. It had a larger share of weeds, and its ratio of plant communities differed from the background phytocenosis. The type of vegetation corresponded to the first stage of plant development on technogenic areas and was defined as the stage of sparse pioneer vegetation.

The current state of the environment caused by irrational nature management necessitates the search for new approaches in the field of restoration and protection of biotic and landscape diversity. The new strategy for its protection is an ecological network that is being developed in Ukraine according to European requirements at the national, regional, and local levels. An integral part of the national eco-network is the territory of Podillia, for which an important topical issue is increasing the productivity of ecosystems and stabilising the ecological balance. One of the ways to optimise the regional eco-network of Podillia is to search for promising territories and include them in structural elements that will ensure its spatial integrity and representativeness. The most common objects of mining and industrial landscapes are quarrydump complexes that are original in their origin, structure, conditions, natural properties, spatial location, features of the geological structure, the nature of the biotic-landscape structure, and economic development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and describe the specific features of mining and industrial landscapes that require a set of measures for renaturalisation (reclamation, restoration of natural vegetation, reintroduction, etc.) within the latitudinal Buzhotsko-Buzko-Vovksko-Smotrytskyi eco-corridor of the regional eco-network of Podillia. General scientific (analysis, synthesis), laboratory and field methods, monitoring, comparison and statistical processing methods were used in this study. Factors of influence for the restoration of disturbed ecosystems of mining and industrial landscapes of Podillia were determined on the example of the Andriikovetskyi sand quarry and dump complex. It is established that edaphic conditions, elemental composition and organic matter content in the newly formed substrate, atypical relief, which differs sharply from the natural one, have the greatest influence. With the implementation of a set of measures for renaturalisation, the proposed quarry-dump complex can become a centre of zonal biodiversity as a renewable site – as a structural element of the regional eco-network

Introduction. Anthropogenic activities cause large-scale environmental problems. The growing volumes of toxic emissions contribute to soil, water, and air pollution, thus posing a serious threat to all living systems and the global ecosystem. New reclamation methods are a relevant research topic as they help to restore and preserve ecosystems. Study objects and methods. The research covered sixteen years of scientific publications from PubMed of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA), Elsevier (Scopus, ScienceDirect), Web of Science, and the national electronic library service eLibrary.ru. Results and discussion. The authors reviewed various scientific publications to define the main technogenic objects that have a toxic effect on biota. Soil is more vulnerable to destructive effects, and mining wastes are responsible for the largest share of technogenically disturbed objects. Pollutants include many compounds, such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds, acids, etc. Reclamation technologies reduce the man-induced impact on the environment, e.g. pollutants can be completely or partially destroyed, processed into non-toxic products, completely removed, stabilized into less toxic forms, etc. This review provides information on the main methods of reclamation of disturbed soils and substantiates the prospect of developing integrated reclamation technologies. Conclusion. The present review featured the main pollutants of anthropogenic origin and the traditional soil reclamation methods. The most prospective new technologies of soil reclamation appeared to be a combination of such biological methods as phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation.

Introduction. Coal mining is the main source of anthropogenic impact on the landscapes of the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. The current mine reclamation rate lags far behind the annual increase in disturbed lands. A reclamation fund can be a perfect solution to this relevant issue. The present research objective was to analyze and structure the available data on the anthropogenic impact of coal mining in Kuzbass. The article reviews new effic ient methods of reclamation and resoiling. Study objects and methods. The study featured ten years of research publications that were registered in the PubMed database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA), Elsevier (Scopus, ScienceDirect), the Web of Science, and the Russian Electronic Library (eLibrary.ru). Results and discussion. The research revealed the following Kuzbass districts that experience the greatest mining impact: Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo, Belovo, and Leninsk-Kuznetskiy. The authors also identified the most common pollutants associated with coal mining. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appeared to be the most dangerous pollutants: as waste coal burns, these substances cover considerable distances with the wind. Biodegradation seems to be the optimal solution because PAHs are known to be carcinogenic, and most mine tips are located near settlements. The article also features mine reclamation laws and introduces a list of plants with a high absorption capacity recommended for biological reclamation, as well as microorganisms and their consortia used for bioremediation. Conclusion. The authors identified the most promising methods of mine reclamation in the Kemerovo region, i.e. bioremediation with pollutant-binding microbial consortia and plants.

When rehabilitating technogenically disturbed lands of mining facilities, fertilizers and ameliorants are to be applied due to the lack of organic matter and nutrients required for the restoration of the soil and vegetation layer. The use of unconventional fertilizers (ameliorants) based on sewage sludge is one of the actual directions of land reclamation at mining sites. The purpose of the work is to summarize and analyze up-to-date information on the effectiveness of the use of sewage sludge for the reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands of mining and processing industries. The analysis is based on a review of recent studies aimed at assessing the impact of introduced sediment on soils, plant communities, and rehabilitated areas. The introduction of sewage sludge has a positive effect on the physical and chemical parameters of the soil (optimizes density and aggregation), saturates it with nutrients, i.e. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na, thus improving plant growth indicators. However, it may contain a number of heavy metals and pathogens; therefore, studies of each sediment and conditions of reclaimed areas are necessary.

Aim. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that takes into account the levels of anthropogenic transformation of various components of the environment.Method. In scientific work to take into account the impact of qualitative indicators on the process of transformation of landscapes of Volyn region under the influence of drainage reclamation was used P. Shishchenko's method with the following additions: the coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes was calculated separately for: relief and soils and water regime.Results. Understanding the state of lands transformed in the process of drainage reclamation provides an opportunity to understand the effects of a complex of factors on land and agricultural needs and encourages scientific study of various components of the environment. During drainage reclamation there is an intensive mineralization of the organic part of the soil with a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the processes of peat mineralization are actively developing. The total coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes was defined as the average value between these coefficients. The results obtained by an improved method allow a more differentiated assessment of the state of transformation of the landscapes of the Volyn region, taking into account the impact of drainage reclamation. These results are adequate, as there is a connection with the industrial development of territories and the level of agricultural development.The scientific novelty lies in the constructive-geographical analysis of the impact of drainage reclamation in the Volyn region on different types of environment.Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the educational process of VSU named after Lesya Ukrainka and other educational institutions in teaching geographical, economic and tourism disciplines. The results will find their application in the legislative and executive work of local governments in the development of programs of socio-economic development of territorial communities. The materials of the research will promote the rational use of anthropogenic resources and objects of social and household services in Volyn, which will allow to qualitatively influence the course of administrative reform. A number of provisions can be used in similar studies of the regions of Ukraine.

In the article, according to the theory and methodology of strategizing of academician V. L. Kvinta substantiates the strategic priority of greening the economy of Kuzbass: the land reclamation fund. This strategic priority has become part of the one developed by the team of of Lomonosov Moscow state University under the leadership of academician V. L. Kvinta Strategies for socio-economic development of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass until 2035.The most serious environmental problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of their violation by open mining operations, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The most serious ecological problem of Kuzbass is a significant lag in the rate of land reclamation from the rate of its disturbance by open pit mining, and the lack of accurate data on the area of disturbed land. The creation of the Kuzbass land reclamation fund, as an economic mechanism of financial guarantees, will make it possible to carry out work on the restoration of disturbed lands at the expense of coal mining enterprises, the authorities of the Kemerovo region will ensure monitoring and control over the reclamation behavior.The strategic initiative reflects the interests of Russia localized in the Kemerovo region, the interests of the region and its residents, its implementation will significantly improve the environmental situation in the region, restore the value of the land and ensure the possibility of its further use, including in agriculture and forestry, compatible with comfortable living of people subsoil use in the region. The strategic priority is backed by competitive advantages and all types of resources.

One of the most serious environmental problem in the Far North of the Russian Federation is the pollution of the territory by oil and oil products. Ecosystems of this region are extremely vulnerable, their remediation after anthropogenic impact, such as spill of fuels, can last for decades. This is the reason for necessity of the development of effective methods for cleaning and restoring oil-contaminated lands. As a result of undertaken laboratory study, the possibility of bioremediation of soils contaminated with oil products using activated peat as a sorbent and organic fertilizer was shown. Two weeks after the addition of activated peat, the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil decreased by 22-47% due to dilution of pollution and improvement of air and nutrient regime. After reclamation, the germination rate of the seeds of a test culture increased by 1,6-3,7 times. The optimum amount of peat required for adding into contaminated sandy soil, depending on the degree of contamination, has also been established. Based on the studies, recommendations for the remediation of the contaminated area of 0.07 ha located in the north-west of the Murmansk region using peat and mineral fertilizers were developed.

The subject of research was technogenic waste systems formed in the last century due to the activities of presently closed mining enterprises in the Amur River Region and Primorye of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Experimental studies allowed to establish that toxic sulphidized mineral processing waste accumulated for the 20th century in tailings storage facilities (TSF) in large quantities produce negative impact on the environment. It was revealed that their conservation and reclamation were not carried out. However, they pose huge threat not only to the environment, but also to public health. In this regard, the research goal was to assess environmental hazard of the accumulated toxic waste and substantiate the possibility of mitigating their negative impact on biosphere components and human health. Based on the research goal, the following tasks were set: 1) analysis and generalization of the existing experience of studying the problem in Russia and abroad; 2) identification of the main sources of crisis situations at closed mining enterprises, indicators and criteria for as sessing the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 3) assessment of the environmental hazard of the accumulated mineral processing waste; 4) development of principles and measures aimed at ensuring environmental safety of TSF comprising toxic waste. The following methods were used: physical-chemical, bio logical, as well as mathematical modeling, GIS technologies, etc.Based on the study of the TSF current state, assessment of the level of technogenic environment pollution, and patent search, the authors substantiate the need for effective solution to this problem. It was found that the waste belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous). The excess of 4 to 46 times above the regional background indicators (metal concentrations), and more than 200 times above MPC was revealed. It has been proven that the TSF surface does not naturally run wild for 30 years. Patent search and our own experimental research allowed developing measures to ensure environmental safety of sulfidized tin ore processing waste, novelty of which was confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of this study was to assess the restoration of vegetation in the reclaimed bowls of the ash dumps of the Chita TPP-1. The object of the research was the vegetation cover formed on two worked-out cups of the ash dumps, which were reclaimed in 2010 – the “young dump” and in 1986 – the “middle-aged dump”. The background was natural phytocenoses that were not subjected to ash and slag waste storage, located outside the dumps a short distance from them. Materials and methods. According to generally accepted methods for botanical research 9 plots where the characteristics of the floristic composition was performed were laid on each reclaimed bowl. The identified species were divided into families; their belt-zonal and ecological classification was performed. Results. The assessment of vegetation cover formation on two worked out ash and slag dump of Chita TPP-1 showed that vegetation is characterized by an unsatisfactory ability to recover, regardless of the terms of reclamation. This is reflected in a 4-fold decrease in projective cover in the territory reclaimed over 30 years ago and more than 7-fold in the territory reclaimed about 10 years ago, as well as a significant (2 and 3.5-fold) decrease in species diversity. In addition, the territory of the “young dump” is characterized by significant areas of eroded areas. According to the belt-zonal and ecological classification, it was revealed that phytocenoses of the forest-steppe, actually steppe, mountain-steppe type are formed on the “young” and “middle-aged” dumps, this corresponds to adjacent undisturbed phytocenoses. Conclusions. The research results indicate the need to change existing approaches to the reclamation of waste lands of ash and slag dumps of Chita TPP-1.

Soil fertility can be restored using special technologies and equipment. In particular, chisels are developed for loosening lands with dense and gypsum soil layers, and mole drains are laid on saline lands with a high level of groundwater.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters and technologies for using energy-saving chisel working parts for loosening dense and gypsum soil layers, as well as devices for forming mole drains in subsurface layers of saline soils.(Materials and methods) Modern methods and devices were used to justify the parameters of the chisel ripper and the mole drainage tools. The authors presented the scheme of experiments at the pilot production area. They studied the mechanical composition and the degree of soil salinity in the experimental field.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the soil loosening effectiveness before washing using the developed chisel cultivator. For laying mole drainage on heavily loamy highly saline soils a device was proposed that differs from its analogues in that it has a two-part frame.(Conclusions) The authors ensured the high-quality execution of the technological process for the harmful salts removal from the fertile soil layers. It was found that soil decomposition with the chisel at a depth of 0.45 meters, and after plowing at a depth of 0.35 meters followed by soil washing, reduced the salt content from 0.978 percent to 0.198-0.578 percent, at the same time the desalinization coefficient was 1.7-4.9. The duration of irrigation was reduced by 15 days compared to traditional process. The authors showed that due to additional tillage in case of water shortage, the flushing rate could be reduced from 6500 cubic meters per hectare to 4500 or 5500 cubic meters. They determined that the application of the proposed technology reduced energy consumption by 9.0-14.5 percent, labor costs by 7.91-14.11 percent, operating costs by 8.16-11.0 percent, increased labor productivity by 16.3-18.0 percent, and that ensured annual economic efficiency in the amount of 11.6-12.6 million soums.

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of research of various methods of basic soil preparation for melons planting for commercial purposes after a fish pond. The trial scheme covered the study of two variants: dumped tillage single-furrow plow (traditional), used to proceed in the farming unit, and sweep blade tillage with subsurface plow (proposed). In the course of scientific research there were determined agrophysical properties of soil, moisture content, contamination of crops (weediness), yielding capacity and profitability.Results. It was found that the lowest bulk density of soil of 1.12 and 1.15 t/m3 was in the layers of 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m after carrying out of the dumped tillage. When carrying out sweep blade tillage, the bulk density of soil of 1.17 t/m3 was obtained only in the upper layer of 0.0-0.1 m, in subsequent layers the value of bulk density of soil significantly increased from 1.44 (0.1-0.2 m) to 1.56 t/m3 (0.3-0.4 m). On average the indicators of natural soil moisture were in 1.2-1.3 times higher, and the deposit of moisture was in 1.1-1.5 times higher in the variant with subsurface plow treatment of the soil. For the melon crops cultivated according to traditional technology, there was a significant decrease in 1.8 times of the number of weeds and in 1.7 -times of their raw weight, compared with the proposed technology. The yielding capacity of melon of Lada variety was 43.9 t/ha according to the traditional technology, and 48.4 t/ha according to the proposed technology, profitability was 161.3% and 185.8% respectively.

Today, Kryvyi Rih is the most powerful industrial center not only in Ukraine, but also in Europe. Every year, the extraction of iron ore from the subsoil increases, while turning natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones. The mining industry has created landscapes on the territory of Kryvyi Rih that are not typical for it at all. The so-called «technogenic lowlands», which are dumps, and «technogenic depressions», which are quarries, were formed from the plains, which are the main part of the relief of Kryvyi Rih. Therefore, today there is an urgent issue of using spent (post-mining) geosystems, for example, Zhovtnevyi granite quarry in recreational and tourist activities. The aim of the article is to study the history of the formation and prospects of the Zhovtnevyi granite quarry. Main material. The research highlighted the active action of anthropogenic activity on the territory of Kryvyi Rih causing emergence of mining landscapes. This allowed the formation of quarry and dump and mine types of landscape complexes. During 1950-1990, mining operations were carried out on the territory of Zhovtnevyi granite deposit and, thus, it contributed to the formation of the quarry. It was found that mining completion in Zhovtnevyi quarry has led to its flooding. Geological and geomorphological, hydrological, climatic, soil and biotic processes that directly affect the development of the quarry have been studied. Zhovtnevyi granite quarry has quite favorable natural conditions and landscape structure for the development of recreational and tourist activities. Therefore, there is a need to identify new approaches to the optimization and further rational use of Zhovtnevyi granite quarry. Conclusions and further research. The study analyzes the history of formation and prospects of Zhovtnevyi granite quarry, the main landscape factors that contribute to its development, using mapping web services such as Google Maps and Google Earth maps, showing the characteristic of territorial location and landscape structure of the quarry. The authors have identified the need to involve reclamation and revitalization as the main optimization measures to improve the lands of Zhovtnevyi granite quarry and to engage it in recreational and tourist activities.

Purpose: to analyze the organizational aspects of the charge formation for the provision of services on supply (diversion) of water for agricultural producers and to develop proposals for improving the economic mechanism for calculating the cost of these services. Results: the adoption of the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture no. 79 dated 02.18.2013 significantly strengthened the position of institutions in the validity of the provision of services for water supply (diversion) on a paid basis, creating general conditions throughout the country, which made it possible to ensure uninterrupted water supply in the required volumes to water consumers. However, there are still many questions on this issue. As a result of the research, the priority role of the state in the restoration and stable functioning of the land reclamation complex of the country was determined. The problems associated with the underfunding of state reclamation systems operation and non-compliance with environmental legislation have been identified. Conclusions: proposals regarding the current procedure have been developed: the conclusion of two contracts if necessary (both for water supply and diversion) between the FGBU on land reclamation and the water consumer; the imposing of costs associated with penalties in case of exceeding the permissible discharge of pollutants on the agricultural producer in the contract for water diversion; the inclusion of costs for compensation of harm caused to aquatic biological resources as a result of activities for the water supply (withdrawal) resources in the costs of providing services for water supply (diversion); differentiation of formulas for calculating the cost of services for the supply (diversion) of water to agricultural producers on irrigated lands and other consumers not for the purposes of agricultural production. It is necessary to amend the charters of the Federal State Budgetary Institution on Land Reclamation, providing for the attribution of services for the supply (removal) of water to the main partially paid types of activities, and the establishment at the legislative level of the mandatory conclusion of contracts for the provision of services for the supply (removal) of water.

The construction of the future center for science and culture is related to the necessity of scientific research and reclamation of the central ecological area of Baikal. Its functions are research, site improvements and tourism compatible with present-day accessibility and environmental safety requirements. The reclamation of the granite and ballast quarry and the introduction of research, cultural-educational and tourist functions will provide solutions to many ecological and economic problems of the area.

Some problems on disassembling fixed demountable joints by oscillations forced by the waveguide are considered. The obtained results of the study characterizing the relationship between the used scheme of the vibro-loading, the target exposure period, and the disassembly efficiency are shown.

A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of drainage reclamation in Volyn Polissya was carried out. The growth of pine plantations within the controlled drainage system and under the control was simulated. The data of samples and materials of the database of plantations growing on drained and control plots were used for modelling of height dynamics and changes in stocks with age. Dynamics of heights and stocks are described by the models of the polynomials of the second degree and the exponent equations. It was established that by the middle of the 3rd age class, the height of plantations on drained areas exceeds the height of plantations under the control of 2.1 m. Starting from the 3rd age class, pine stands on drained areas sharply increase the growth and at the age of quantitative ripeness, the difference in heights reached 3.0 m. Pine plantations in land reclamation areas pass into the upper class of productivity. The difference between the average heights in the 5th age class is 2.7 m. The effect of drainage is traced after 30 years, when the root system penetrates deeper horizons. The growth of roots on the control sites close to the surface of the water table is inhibited. At the same time, the soil saturated with oxygen stimulates the growth processes of the wood plants between the drainage channels, which lead to an increase in the productivity of the plantings. Comparative analyses of changes in planting stock shows that in the fourth age class the stock of pine stands on drained areas exceeds 15 %, and at the age of quantitative maturation this difference reaches 21 %, which makes 89 m3∙ha-1 and is a significant argument for the use of drainage reclamation in the wetlands of Volyn Polissya. The analysis of the hydrological regime of the drainage system "Strashevo" for the 14-year period showed that the water table during 2010–2017 sharply decreased reaching a stable value of 124–140 cm, whereas by 2009 it had fluctuated within the limits of 61–83 cm. The prolonged and significant decrease in water table leads to the declining of plantations, therefore, to ensure optimal hydrological regime of forest areas it is necessary to sluice channels or reconstruction of the drainage system in the system of bilateral action.

Oltenia Coal Basin occupies the area of 4500 km2 and encloses the most important deposits of lignite in Romania, many of which are exploited by open-pit mining. Open-pit lignite mining involves long-term occupancy of large areas and considerable negative impact on physical, chemical and structural characteristics of the lands that define the regional terrain, resulting in full degradation of previously existed landscape. The degraded lands require great efforts on their reclamation for recultivation of soils, recovering landscape and overall mitigation of mining environmental impact. Selecting post-mining use of remaining mined-out pit space is performed taking into account such criteria as climate, geomorphology, pit slope stability conditions, regional development strategy, local community requirements, financial resources, etc.

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The urgency of the issue of reclamation of disturbed lands is due to the fact that coal mining by both open and underground methods is inevitably accompanied by exclusion from economic circulation and violation of lands for various purposes, by changing the terrain and forming an industrial landscape. The article contains information on the volumes of disturbance and reclamation of lands in the coal industry In the article the directions of reclamation and applied technologies, domestic developments and foreign experience are considered. It was noted that the priority areas for reclamation of disturbed lands in the coal industry are: agricultural, forestry and sanitary-hygienic. It is noted that the quality of the recultivated areas is not always at the proper level, which creates dif culties in their subsequent use. The main reasons for the low quality of reclamation are the lack of the necessary amount of initial data on the composition and properties of soil and rock mass of the dumps at the development stage of the reclamation projects, the lack of special technical means for performing remediation works at a high level, the lack of a landscape approach to the restoration of disturbed areas. Measures to prevent spontaneous combustion of rock dumps are laid in projects and are not implemented in practice in full, which leads to the occurrence of res. Two new developments in the eld of reclamation are presented: the microbiological method developed by MNIIECO TEK JSC, and the method for restoring the biological productivity of disturbed lands, proposed by the Scienti c Research Institute of Agricultural Problems of Khakassia SB RAAS. Identi ed problem issues in the eld of reclamation and a list of measures to improve the state of protection of land resources. In the article it is shown that in order to improve the state in the sphere of land resources protection in the coal industry, it is necessary to improve the applied mining technologies in order to reduce their land-carrying capacity, to unite overburden operations on the sections with the technical stage of reclamation, to use reproof technologies for formation of waste dumps, to improve quality projects of reclamation and implementation of remediation works.

Today mining is developing very intensively and potash industry in particular. Reserve areas are explored and cut, new fields are explored and developed, new license areas of potassium and magnesium deposits are developed. Underground mining of mineral deposits leads to significant deformation of the earth's surface. The impact of potash industry on the environment is diverse and covers many natural components. In case of mine flooding, catastrophic consequences, accompanied by depressions and sinkholes, cover a considerable area. The main feature of potash production is accumulation of a significant amount of waste in sludge storage and salt piles with brine collectors. Sewage and penetration from salt piles and sludge storage are the main sources of environmental pollution. Mining and processing of ore at potash enterprises is associated with formation of a large number of waste rocks. Millions of tons of liquid and solid wastes are stored on ground surface in salt piles and brine sludge storages, which negatively affects the environment. However, negative effects of salt pile placement can be avoided or minimized. Today there are a number of developments aimed to improve methods of underground storage of wastes of potash industry both solid halite and liquid clay-salt. The paper considers a new version of waste disposal placement of potash industry, which is currently being considered in design documentation for development of licensed area of Nivenskoe-1 field of potassium and magnesium salts in Kaliningrad region. In case of a positive conclusion of state expertise, this technology will be implemented. Such approach could be used in development of other deposits of potassium and magnesium salts (Verkhnekamsk, Gremiachinsk etc.).

The paper presents the evaluation of the stock and structure of plant communities formed in the dumps of the Borodino brown coal pit (the eastern part of the Kansk-Achinskcoal basin). A comparison of different age dumps reclaimed with top soil (TS), planned dumps and slopes. The observations cover the period from 2007 to 2009 and 2013. Almost immediately after its creation, on the surface dumps with TS a solid grassy vegetation formed, which was characterized by high productivity. Over the next two decades, a biomass reserve decreased more than 2 times. The major portion of the biomass of 7 and 31–year–old community is concentrated in the 0–10 cm layer. The plant communities amount to the original level of stocks and the structure of the biomass of both aboveground and underground are as no earlier than in 25–30 years. Forest plantations making to force the accumulation of biomass of young biogeocenosis formed on poor substrate (litostratah). The stock biomass of pine man–made stands on 30 % less than in the grass lands to growing on the dumps with TS. Slopes of reclaimed dumps were slowly overgrown and emerging communities were characterized by a low cover and productivity. The major portion of biomass was located above ground. Significant seasonal variations in quantities of above–ground phytomass of plant communities of old dumps, indicating their«immaturity»in spite of thethirty years of the formation of vegetation.

The paper dwells upon the foundation history and scientific research at the Korza Research Station of the Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre RAS. The station’s key research areas and major outcomes of multi-disciplinary research are described; extensive bibliography is provided.

The investigation of processes of recovery of disturbed land at the urban areas is a new, urgent problem for indus-trialized centers. Currently disturbed areas where recovery operations are conducted by various reclamation tech-nologies are within the city of Novokuznetsk area in Kuznetsk Basin. Monitoring investigations to determine their environmental condition and the level of natural ingredients recovery have not been conducted at these areas until recently. The lack of such information does not allow efficient analysis of the conducted reclamation activities and determination of the prospects for recovery and further use of such land. The paper presents the results of an inves-tigation of forest plantations and areas with natural revegetation of disturbed areas, and the complex of soil studies to determine the basic physical and agrochemical characteristics of young soils formed on the disturbed surface is conducted. Based on these studies the vegetation and soil cover were characterized and the soil-ecological condition of the reclaimed areas from the 1970’ stailings pile of «Baidaevskij» coal mine was assessed. As a result of reclama-tion activities, the sites with different plant communities are formed at the tailings pile surface. Botanic composition at the reclaimed areas represented species able to operate successfully in a technogenic landscapes. Because the grand dump territory is reclaimed by the forest approach the statement of forest is characterized by the special aspects, such as high density of planting with little crown density, high opacity and low level of stable forest recovery. The tailings pile sites reclaimed by different methods are characterized by specific soil-ecological condition, which can be used to assess the efficiency of reclamation. Soil-ecological assessment of the conducted reclamation efficiency is carried out on the basis of assessment of the soil, formed on the surface of the disturbed area. The more developed phytocoenosis formed in more developed soil areas, and therefore the better soil-ecological condition takes place after reclamation activity. The main tailings pile area is characterized by the satisfactory and good soil-ecological condition. This dem-onstrates that the currently formed natural-technogenic complex successfully functions that allows this area to carry out protection functions within the territory of city.

The paper presents information about research and developments in the field of hydrotechnic meliorations and their technical support, performed in FSBSI Volga Scientific-Research Institute of Ecological-Meliorative Technologies. Attention is paid to the development of sprinkling machines and mechanisms for reducing the cost of cultivation of agricultural crops with a significant decrease of irrigation erosion. The developed methods, devices, and technologies irrigation livestock effluents, reclamation of the soil, describes the results of studies on the development of modern impervious materials and technologies for repair of linings of channels and hydraulic structures, causes of water losses and measures for saving water during transportation. Provides information about development of methods of nondestructive testing of concrete and soil reclamation hydrotechnical structures on the basis of the relationship between the propagation velocity of ultrasound in the material of structures and their performance characteristics. Provides information about the structure of the flow-through reactor operation to change the redox potential of irrigation water, and elements of technology of crop irrigation water with altered redox potential, its influence on development of plants, moreover, research on effects of electrochemically activated water and aqueous solutions of mineral fertilizers on the plants showed the effectiveness of its application for improving germination of seeds, the demand and accelerate development of plants of agricultural crops.

This paper analyzes the economic and geographical factors of rural settlements of Andrijevica. Isolated traffic and geographical position adversely affect the economic and social development of rural settlements. Natural features indicate that rural areas of Andrijevica economy do not comply with all the natural conditions. Incompatibility between the available natural and current conditions of the rural economy determine by the overall socio-economic factors of development. The percentage decrease in rural population in the municipality Andrijevica period 1948-2003 amounted to - 49.44%. The main characteristic of the modern development of rural settlements are give industrialization and urbanization processes. Age groups, due to migration and the reduction of fertility change and take on unfavorable characteristics, reduces the proportion of younger and older increases the proportion of the population. In both cases, the disturbed age structure has a reverse effect on the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent), but also to all other structures of the population (the size of contingent employment, population, compulsory school contingent, contingent dependent population ratio). Rating natural conditions aimed at separation of homogenous territorial units with some degree of benefits and limitations types of economic development.

Some problems on disassembling fixed demountable joints by oscillations forced by the waveguide are considered. The obtained results of the study characterizing the relationship between the used scheme of the vibro-loading, the target exposure period, and the disassembly efficiency are shown.

The paper presents the author's assessment of the socio-economic status of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The risks of social and economic development are identified and ranked: these are risks associated with climate, ecology, life conditions, risks associated with the formation and development of human capital, as well as risks in the oil industry. The competitive advantages of the strategic district development in the formation and development of human potential are highlighted, as well as the development of oil and gas industry. The periodization of Yamal formation as the country's gas capital is held: a schematic model of the life periods of Yamal, which includes five epochs, is presented in the paper. The research description includes a basic list of major investment and priority projects of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region for the period up to 2030. An author's projection on the directions of industrial development in the region is made.