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The creative path of B. L. Pasternak has been a popular subject of research in China for many years. All works on the topic can be roughly divided into three stages: 1) the first stage (1980s) — the formation of mass interest among literary scholars in the works of B. L. Pasternak; 2) the second stage (1990s) — the expansion and deepening of research; 3) the third stage (after the 2000s) – the systematization of research and the emergence of new directions in the study of B. L. Pasternak’s works. This article provides an overview of the main trends in Pasternak studies in China. It is noted that research on the legacy of B. L. Pasternak conducted in China covers key areas such as biography, poetry, prose (with special attention from Chinese scholars focused on the novel “Doctor Zhivago”). The research conducted by Chinese scholars also explores topics such as the fate of the intelligentsia, ideological aspirations, cultural, religious, and spiritual components, the art of language, literary techniques, and devices. It is reported that in November 2020, Zhejiang University held an international scientific conference “Celebrating the 130th Anniversary of B. L. Pasternak’s Birth.” The authors of the article conclude that research on the legacy of B. L. Pasternak in China is systematic and diverse, and Pasternak studies as a discipline have broad prospects for development.

The article presents the results of analysing geological structure of the Famennian deposits (Devonian) in the Perm Region. Numerical modelling of the distribution of inhomogeneous stress field near the well was performed for the two considered types of perforation. With regard for the geometry of the forming perforation channels, numerical finite element models of near-wellbore zones were created considering slotted and cumulative perforation. It is ascertained that in the course of slotted perforation, conditions are created for a significant restoration of effective stresses and, as a result, restoration of reservoir rock permeability. Stress recovery area lies near the well within a radius equal to the length of the slots, and depends on the drawdown, with its increase, the area decreases. From the assessment of failure areas, it was found that in case of slotted perforation, the reservoir in near-wellbore zone remains stable, and failure zones can appear only at drawdowns of 10 MPa and more. The opposite situation was recorded for cumulative perforation; failure zones near the holes appear even at a drawdown of 2 MPa. In general, the analysis of results of numerical simulation of the stress state for two simulated types of perforation suggests that slotted perforation is more efficient than cumulative perforation. At the same time, the final conclusion could be drawn after determining the patterns of changes in permeability of the considered rocks under the influence of changing effective stresses and performing calculations of well flow rates after making the considered types of perforation channels.

In Dostoevsky’s novel “The Eternal Husband”, the theme of spiritual elevation is conveyed by two implicit narrative processes developing in parallel with the explicit plot, based on the theme of revenge. Each of the two implicit narrative trajectories reveals the complex vertical spiritual growth of the victimized lover and the victim husband, respectively, which becomes a strategy for expressing the author’s intent. The three parallel narrative trajectories together reveal the multilayered themes of the story and the multilayered connotations of the text. Many vague places and “superfluous” details become clear and necessary with the introduction of hidden narrative passages that reveal the themes of fall and salvation.

The problem of two-dimensional syndrome-norm decoding of iterative codes based on a library of error patterns is considered. In two-dimensional coding, sequence code is first transformed into a code matrix, and then the row and column check code are calculated. In the decoder, the error position of the twodimensional can be obtained by the operations that first calculate the syndromes and norms, then match with the error patterns in the existing library. The error pattern library is stored in the memory and generated by the subset of the error pattern. Subset patterns are generated from the base pattern using row and column permutations. The norm calculated based on the syndrome unambiguously determines the base pattern and the corresponding subset of error patterns, which reduces the search space for the syndrome to a subset. In this case, the syndrome is used as an address for retrieving a specific error pattern and correction rule from the memory. With the error rate increased, the size of the error pattern library is raised and the computational complexity of its formation is enlarged. As a result, the known methods for generating the error pattern library become non sufficient. This paper proposed a mathematical model, a generator structure, and an algorithm for fast generation of an error pattern library based on the iterative expansion of the error patterns, which makes it possible to reduce the number of generated redundant error patterns by orders of magnitude and significantly shorten the computational complexity in comparison with the known approaches.

There are growing concerns about income inequality and health, while little is known about the relationship between income inequality and nutritional outcomes, especially in a transition economy like China. To fill this gap, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of income inequality on the nutritional outcomes of Chinese farmers, including body mass index (BMI), underweight, overweight and obesity statuses. Methodologically this study relies on the theoretical propositions of both income hypothesis and agricultural economics. Specifically, this study compares the literature examining income inequality, then analyses the possible effects of income inequality on the nutritional outcomes of Chinese farmers, and finally tests the results of the analysis using econometric models. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2015, we found that the relationship between income and BMI shifted from positive to negative with rapid growth in per capita household incomes and that higher income inequality can significantly increase the risk of being overweight or obese among low-income groups. In particular, the effect of income inequality on overweight and obesity is higher for males, while its effect tends to be negligible for females. The findings in this study are proved to be robust. Therefore, several policy implications for meeting the challenges concerning income inequality and improving nutritional outcomes for Chinese farmers are also discussed.

Quick and accurate determination of oil content is extremely important to control the oil content of vacuum fried fruit and vegetable chips. This article uses fresh Pleurotus eryngii as raw materials to explore the influence of different vacuum frying times (0–14 min) on the moisture distribution, oil changes and quality of Pleurotus eryngii strips. The results show that as the frying time increases, the lateral relaxation time required for the taro strips to drop from the highest point of the signal amplitude to smooth becomes shorter and shorter, and the decay rate becomes faster and faster, that is, when the frying time is 14 minutes, The attenuation curvature and velocity are the largest. The oil content and brittleness of Pleurotus eryngii strips are significantly increased (P < 0.05); the water content is significantly reduced (P 0.05). At the same time, low-field NMR shows that the high-degree-of-freedom water in the pleurotus eryngii strips migrates to the low-degree-of-freedom water during the vacuum frying process. Among them, the free water in the pleurotus eryngii strips has a large degree of freedom. It has been removed, resulting in poor mobility and increased inability to flow. Part of the free water migrates to the semi-bound water, and most of the semi-bound water migrates outward as free water and then is removed. From this, all peaks are gradually removed. Moving to the left, the total peak area decreases. During the frying process, the T2 relaxation time of Pleurotus eryngii strips all shifted to the left, the total peak area is continuously reduced, the water content is getting less and less, the fat content is getting higher and higher, and the fat content distributed in the edge shell is always higher than Other locations. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology can provide a fast, accurate, and non-destructive method for detecting moisture and grease for the vacuum-fried fruit and vegetable chips. As the frying time increases, the inner contour of the MRI image of Pleurotus eryngii strips gradually becomes blurred, the brightness gradually decreases, the volume shrinks, the less water, and the image interior is close to the background color (blue), indicating that the sample has reached the end of drying; and The grease content is distributed in the edge shell layer higher than other positions. Therefore, the water is continuously removed, the oil signal becomes stronger and stronger, and the oil content of the sample becomes higher and higher.

A well-studied source material is required for breeding problems to be successfully solved. Evaluation of samples in varying climatic conditions enables to identify highly productive sources. The results of assessment of 56 naked oat varieties of different ecological-geographical origin by duration of the growing season are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017 - 2019 on the sod-podzolic middle-clay soils of the Kirov region. Considerable differences between variety samples according to periods of ripening have been revealed. Classification of naked oat samples by duration of growing season for Volga-Vyatka region is proposed. The most numerous were the groups of middle season and middle-late samples – 41.1 and 35.7 %, respectively, late samples – 17.8 %. The set of early variety samples was very limited (5.4 %). The productivity of naked oat samples varied by years, variation level changed from insignificant to very high (V = 7.91...91.76 %). In the group of early varieties, coefficients of variation were 21.47...34.58 % with productivity of 165...330 g/m2. The evaluation of middle season samples showed mainly high and very high levels of variation in productivity. The exception was made by samples of Belarus k-3899 BYAS-154 (7.91 %) and 15094 MF9521-247 (16.83 %) from the USA with productivity of 139...161 and 182...244 g/m2, respectively. In middle-late and late variety samples, the coefficients of variation within the group were 21.44...68.36 %, and 26.25...68.75 %, respectively. Middle season samples with sustainable productivity are recommended for use in breeding practice, they are k-3897 BYAS-156, k-3898 BYAS-155 (Belarus), 15155 MF9016-31 (USA).

Well-studied initial material is necessary for successful solving of breeding tasks. Complex evaluation of accessions under varying climatic conditions promotes to choice sources having economic-valuable traits for breeding. Sixty-one accessions of naked oats including 18 accessions from China were studied in Kirov in 2010.2016. The most interesting for breeding are accessions having increased yield capacity and productivity: drought resistant accession 1h07 (Russia); high grain quality accessions 15120 Gosha (Belarus), 15192 Mina (Bulgaria); accessions from China k-3897 BYAS-156, k-3893 BYAS-160, k-3894 BYAS-159, k-3895 BYAS-158, k-3899 BYAS-154. Sources are selected having high level of yield structure (number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle): 15063 Sibirski golozerny, 15115 Aldan (Russia), 15086 MF 8891-2021(USA), 14937 NO 58-2 (Canada). Recruit of accessions 624h09 m. s., 99 R-27-4 (Russia), and 14851 Numbut (Australia) are urgent for breeding to early maturity. Fifteen sources of high grain quality (increased 1000 grain weight and protein content) are selected including accessions15224 MF 9521-19, 15095 MF 9521-28, 15158 MF 9224-359, 15086 MF 8891-2021, 15094 MF 9521247, 15162 MF 9521-214 (USA), к-2523 PZS-LIM-02 (China) which have others breeding-valuable traits (diseases resistance, low percentage of husked grains, increased oil content). They were recommended to use as paternal parent forms in crossing with high yielding adaptive varieties of local breeding. For breeding to decrease of husked grains percentage accessions k-3892 BYAS-161, k-3896 BYAS-157 (China) are of interest as they had 100% nakedness during all years of study.

Litholamprima longimana Nikolajev et Ren, gen. et sp. n. of the family Lucanidae is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation. Fossils were collected from Chaomidian Village, Liaoning Province, China. The holotype of the new species is deposited in College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing. A new subfamily is established for this genus. Diagnosis of Litholampriminae subfam. n. Winged. Body elongate, large, about 17 mm (without mandibles). Antennae non-geniculate, with short scapus. Eyes entire, not divided by canthus. Pronotum wider than long. Scutellum triangular, wider than long. Elytra elongate, with faint striae. Procoxae wide separated. Prosternal process broad. Mesosternal process narrow, concealed by procoxae. Sexual dimorphism apparent in mandibles and fore legs. Male protibia is lengthy with flattened spur at apex.

The Amuria block occupies the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt between the Siberia craton and the North China block (NCB) and bears important information to understand the evolution of the MongolOkhotsk suture and the amalgamation of East Asia. However, the paleomagnetic database of Amuria remains very poor.

Lercanidipine, a calcium channel antagonist, is currently employed in the treatment of essential hypertension and angina pectoris. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the anti-proliferative effect of lercanidipine and to investigate the molecular role of this agent. Both in vitro studies and in a balloon injury rat carotid artery model were employed to study the effect of lercanidipine on smooth muscle cell proliferation. Lercanidipine-inhibited rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation of VSMC cultures with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 20 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. FBS- and PDGF-BB-stimulated intracellular Ras, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Akt activations were significantly inhibited by lercanidipine; however, lercanidipine did not affect FBS- and PDGF-BB-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Lercanidipine also inhibited PDGF-receptor b chain phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by PDGF-BB. Lercanidipine blocked the FBS-inducible progression through the G0/G1 to the S-phase of the cell cycle in synchronized cells. In vivo, 14 days after balloon injury, treatment with 3 and 10 mg/kg lercanidipine resulted in significant inhibition of the neointima/media ratio. Suppression of neointima formation by lercanidipine was dependent on its influence on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that lercanidipine can suppress the proliferation of VSMCs via inhibiting cellular ROS, Ras-MEK1/2- ERK1/2, and PI3K-Akt pathways, and suggesting that it may have therapeutic relevance in the prevention of human restenosis.

This paper deals with 5 species of the subgenus Centorus Mulsant, 1854 known from Northwest China. Two new species (C. medvedevi sp. n. and C. lineatus sp. n.) are described and illustrated. Key to the known Chinese species of the subgenus is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Hebei University Museum (MHBU).

This paper deals with the 12 species of the genus Catapiestus Perty, 1831, distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions, including two new species: C. clavipes sp. n. (China, Hainan), and C. medvedevi sp. n. (China, Yunnan). A key to the species is given.

The genus Ocnera Fischer von Waldheim, 1822 of China is revised. A new species O. mevedevi sp. n. is described from Xinjiang (China). The subspecies O. sublaevigata przewalskyi Reitter, 1887 (sensu Löbl et al. [2008]) is raised to a species level, O. przewalskyi Reitter, 1887, stat. resurr. Key to species of the genus Ocnera is included. Figures of diagnostic characters and photographs of imago are provided.

Mesohypna lopatini Nikolajev et Ren, gen. et sp. n. is described from the Yixian Formation. The new genus is similar and related to Lithohypna Nikolajev, Wang et Zhang, 2011, but differs from the last genus by triangular scutellum and by pygidium completely hidden under elytrae