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The paper considers the problem of the functioning of global navigation satellite systems in the conditions of unintentional and intentional interference. Considered the performance requirements of global navigation satellite systems by types of transport systems. The basic threat of global navigation satellite systems. Based on the performance requirements of global navigation satellite systems, the analysis of their vulnerability when exposed to intentional and unintentional interference. The most vulnerable operational performance of the global navigation satellite system (integrity, and availability). Proposed a method of reducing the vulnerability of global navigation satellite systems with impact unintentional and intentional interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the history of the one of educational units of the Kirov Medical Academy. Department of training of physicians (for Missile Forces and Army) traces its origins to 1942 published in the resolution of the State Committee of Defense of the USSR, but in fact is the successor to hospital schools in the land and the Admiralty hospitals.

The article deals with the development of national medical education. The above materials are based mainly on archival material, published documents and publications of military history topics. The authors have shown that even with the publication of the decree on the construction (01.24.1715), and the tab (Spring 1715), Overland, and hospitals Admiralty in St. Petersburg, Peter the Great planned to their clinical status. However, construction was delayed until 1732, when it became a possibility of teaching, and almost immediately was royally endorsed a report on the state Medical Collegium, which determined the number of teaching staff and students. In the 1730's attempts to prepare highly qualified teachers of special schools for the hospital, and in 1742 already appears first full-time professor. Completed the period of formation can be considered in 1754, when P.Z.Kondoidi signed a decree on a new preparation for doctors with a 7-year period of training.

In 1710 in a under construction capital of the Russian state the first central military hospital for treatment the soldier of garrison has been organized. Its initial device differed from existed regimental infirmaries a little; however personal home nursing of tsar has helped development of hospital. In 1715 the hospital has been solemnly consecrated. Since 1735 in hospital have started to spend training of future doctors and with the basis in 1798 of Army medical college it became its clinical base. During teamwork the hospital became high-grade clinical base of academy, has developed and became the modem well equipped clinic-diagnostic centre.

During the combat the chief of medical service has to solve both the direct mission, i.e. to choose the most effective variant of organization of treatment-and-evacuation measures (TEM) and the indirect one, i.e. to define the needs of medical service in forces and resources according to the given model. To fulfill these missions the most effective method is the multi-criteria approach for practical realization of which the "successive steps" method was chosen. The main indicator of TEM effectiveness is the time from the wounding to the point of readiness for evacuation from the regimental aid station. The GPSS language of different dialects as the modelling environment is preferred on the basis of which two computerized imitative models were created: the model of TEM effectiveness in the company-battalion link and the model of regimental aid station work.