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The authors discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic tonsillar pathology confirmed by the methods of histological, autoradiographic, and bacteriological diagnostics. The new aspects of vital activity of microorganisms in the parenchymal tissue of the palatine tonsils are highlighted that account for the low effectiveness of the conservative therapy of chronic tonsillitis and give evidence of the necessity of the surgical treatment of this condition.

Features of structure, localization, and function of teichoic (TA) and lipoteichoic acids (LPA) of gram-positive bacteria are shortly characterized. Structures of polymers obtained from Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae are described. The role of TA and LPA of pathogenic streptococci in different phases of infectious process and requirements for biological activity of these molecules are discussed.

The results of examination of 42 patients with an acute anastomositis after performance of gastric resection were analyzed. Clinical classification was elaborated for detailed interpretation of the anastomosits diagnosis and choice of therapy. Close correlative inter-relatioship between severity of anastomositis and degree of gastric mucosa colonization by micro-organisms was established basing on analysis of the laboratory and bacteriological investigations results.

It was shown that lactic acid bacteria isolated from different sources produced along with lactic acid the bacteriocine substances. Strains producing bacteriocines were mainly isolated from digestive tract of people and calves. Bacteriogenic properties have been shown more frequently in the case of lactobacilli (7.8%) more rarely--in coccoid forms of lactic acid bacteria (4.5%). At the same time bacteriocine activity was higher in the case of Enterococcus and depended both on the strain type and cultivation conditions. Synthesis of bacteriocines started from the hours of phase of the culture growth and reached maximum at the beginning of stationary phase. The bacteriocine accumulation rate depended on composition of the growth medium.

Data on the antibacterial spectrum of lysosubtilin G10X, a preparation of lytic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis SK-52 are presented. Lysosubtilin was active against grampositive and gramnegative pathogenic bacteria. When it was used as a substrate of live lyophilized microbial cells the highest lysis levels were observed in B. brevis, B. cereus, B. pumilis, B. subtilis and S. faecalis. Preincubation of the substrate in acid media mainly increased the levels of the lysis by enzyme preparation. Sometimes the increase was very high (B. sphaericus, B. subtilis 720, E. coli K12 and MRE-600). Such a preincubation provided cell lysis in some strains not liable to the effect of lysosubtilin (B. cereus 1312, C. renale, M. luteus, S. aureus KP, 800, 805 and 126001, S. pyogenes 291). An increase in the lysosubtilin concentration in the reaction mixture in the majority of the cases did not provide favourable results. However, some strains resistant to the preparation at a concentration of 1000 units/ml were lysed with its 10 times higher doses. An increase in the lysis level was also achieved with increasing the time of the incubation with the enzyme preparation. Proceeding from the preparation antibacterial spectrum it is possible to recommend it for treatment of diseases in agricultural animals. Its use in veterinary was a success.

Most of Str. salivarius strains isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy persons suppressed the growth of meningococci in vitro. Their antagonistic activity varied within a wide range, which suggested that different strains were unequal in their capacity for protection from meningococcal infection. The monthly comparison of the activity of various strains also allowed revealing considerable differences. These results confirm the earlier hypothesis on the decisive role of Str. salivarius in the protection of the nasopharynx from colonization by meningococci.

The lyophilized Streptococcus lactis, S. cremoris, S. diacetilactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. casei C10, L. caucasicus cultures have had a great number of viable cells after 4 years storage. L. casei and S. cremoris strains endured 3 months storage at -30 degrees C and in the sterile vaseline oil for 8 months. After storage S. cremoris strains showed the high level of the lactic acid formation and of proteolytic and lipolytic activities.

A study was made of the species composition of symbiotic microbial flora of the nasopharynx in healthy persons and meningococcus carriers, inhibiting in vitro the growth of the test strains of miningococci. Saprophytic streptococci and particularly Str. salivarius served as the principal and the most active antagonists of meningococci in both groups of the persons examined. Comparison of the inhibitory activity of antagonists in the groups examined revealed no significant differences. However, there were seen differences in the quantitative composition of the isolated antagonists: saprophytic streptococci, particularly Str. salivarius were isolated in great amounts, and more frequently from healthy individuals, and nondifferentiated Gram positive cocci of conditionally distinguished group--from carriers. Taking into consideration the high inhibitory activity of Str. salivarius it is supposed that it can be used as an indicator of the state of insensitiveness of the human organism to the meningococcus infection.

The causative agent of classic cholera, vibrios of the El-Tor biotype and NAG-vibrios produced on agar plates a substance which lysed killed indicator strains of the vibrios and the Gram negative bacilli, but was indifferent against the Gram positive bacilli. The action of the vibriolysins varied extending from the causative agent of classic cholera in the direction of saprophytes.