Search

The production of high-quality and safe food products in areas contaminated by radiation due to the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident remains a pressing issue. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and transfer factors of 137Cs, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in bull products when including various high-protein feeds, such as narrow-leaved lupin and genetically modified soybean, in their diets. The study employed zootechnical methods (design and conduct of a scientific-economic experiment on animals), radiological and spectrometric methods (determination of the concentration of 137Cs, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in feeds, longissimus dorsi muscle, liver, kidneys, and testes of bulls), and statistical methods. It was established that when using GM soybean in the grain mixture, the concentration of 137Cs in the muscle tissue of animals in Group II (experimental) decreased relative to the control by 2.57 Bq/kg, or by 40.5% with a statistically significant difference between groups (P > 0.99). Furthermore, the transfer factor of the radionuclide into the muscle tissue of animals in Group II compared to Group I also had 2.15% abs. lower. The content of Pb in the muscle tissue of bulls in both experimental groups exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by 2.52-2.78 times, while the concentration of Cd in the longissimus dorsi muscle and Cu in the liver of animals in Group II also exceeded sanitary-hygienic requirements by 10.0% and 2.0%, respectively. The introduction of 40% (by mass) of maize grain and 30% of GM soybean into the grain mixture instead of the same amount of wheat and lupin chop during the fattening of animals in the third zone of radioactive contamination contributed to significantly higher content and transfer of heavy metals into muscle tissue: Pb – by 10.3% and 0.10% abs., Cd – 10.0 and 0.03, Cu – 17.2 and 0.53, and Zn – by 17.2% and 2.40% abs. The results of the research can be used in agricultural enterprises and private households that produce livestock products in areas with a high anthropogenic load

The study of the genital system' vessels in patients with erectile disfunction and chronic prostatitis was accomplished using ultrasound Dopplerography and pharmacological testing by phosphodiesterase inhibitors of 5th type (PDEI-5). The positive impact of PDEI-5 (such as Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Udenafil and Tadalafil) on organs' blood supply was revealed. The changes of USDG parameters were found comparable and, at the same time, individual. For patient-specific choosing the medicinal agent it is advisable to perform the pharmacological tests for each patient. The choice of the medicine for treating erectile disfunction and chronic prostatitis should be made on the basis of the results of ultrasound Dopplerography and pharmacological testing for each selected and tested medicine. For this purpose it is preferably to choose the medicine, which improves the blood flow in penis and, at the same time, in prostate gland and in testes.

The study presents an assessment of variability of histological structure, measurement, and comparison of size of the neoplasm obtained by ultrasonographic examination and pathological examination, as well as the morphometric dimensions of nuclei and cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cell tumors in dogs. The study involved 35 dogs with neoplasms of 46 testes, where 11 animals had interstitial cell tumors in both testes. Insignificant differences of the size of these neoplasms were revealed (p 0.05) using ultrasonography and pathoanatomical measurement methods. Hence, it allows using both methods to assess the size of interstitial cell tumors. In the study, interstitial cell tumor was detected in both testes at once in 50 % of cases in dogs, however, this might be due to specific characteristics of the sample, and further research is required. In the course of scientific work, a morphological study showed the presence of variability in histological structure of interstitial cell tumors, which can lead to incorrect interpretation of the morphological picture and misdiagnosis, e. g. adipocyte-like morphology of interstitial cell tumors have morphological similarity to a benign neoplasm from adipose tissue - lipoma. In addition, there was an extremely pronounced difference in size of cytoplasm (from 23.6 to 148.4 m; average 66.21 22.42 m) and nuclei (from 9 to 57.6 m; average 23.19 7.10 m) in tumor cells. It proves the presence of pronounced anisocytosis and anisokariosis, which should indicate malignancy of the neoplasm, however, testicular interstitial cell tumors extremely rarely metastasize in practice and according to numerous studies.

Relevance. Onion is a valuable food crop, which is due to its chemical composition, taste and medicinal qualities. As part of the strategy to ensure food security and independence of Russia in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetable products, including onions, and for this it is necessary to increase the production of domestic seeds. Seed production is an important branch of agriculture, which consists in the planned reproduction of zoned varieties. Unlike commodity production, it is a more labor-intensive industry and requires regular improvement of existing technologies that take into account the specifics of new varieties and hybrids.Materials and methods. The object is onion (Allium сера L.). Research material: new varieties of spring onion Primo and Ampex of selection of FSBSI FSVC. The studies were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The area of the accounting plot is 5m2 , the repetition is 4-fold, with a randomized arrangement of options.Results and discussions. Different planting dates of uterine bulbs, their diameter, standing density, planting depth, significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seed productivity of onion plants of Primo and Ampex varieties. The results obtained made it possible to modify and optimize individual elements of varietal technologies of onion seed production. To create the best conditions for the growth and development of seed plants of Ampex and Primo varieties and to obtain high yields of high-quality seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, it is recommended to: use queen bulbs of 8 cm in size, organize the planting of queen bulbs in the first decade of November, use a scheme for planting queen onions: 75x10 cm, use a planting depth of 15 cm. With this technology, the productivity of plant seeds reaches 6-8 g in the Ampex variety and 5-7 g in the Primo variety, and the yield of conditioned seeds is 520-580 kg/ha and 450-600 kg/ha, respectively.

Purpose of the study: to investigate the impact of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the indicators of preservation of murine testis interstitial cells (IC) under cryopreservation. Materials and methods. To isolate IC the enzymes were used: 0.2 mg/ml collagenase and 0.1 mg/ml DNase. The obtained cell suspension was cryopreserved in the solutions that contained 0; 0,7; 1,4; 2,1; 2,8 M of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and/or 10%, 20% fetal cow serum, 10 mg/ml PEO or HES. The samples (1 ml) were cooled at a rate of 1 °C/min to -80 °C then stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). They were warmed at 37 °C in the water bath. Cryopreservation solution was removed. The number of cells and their preservation were assessed before and after with the assistance of Goryaev’s camera. Viability of IC, Leydig cell preservation and preservation of metabolic activity were measured with trypan blue dye, histochemical staining for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Results. It was shown that 1,4 M DMSO without supplements favored IC preservation. Addition to the cryopreservation solution 10% and 20% of fetal cow serum or 10 mg/ml HES increased total preservation of IC by more than 10% and Leydig cell cryopreservation by an average 15%. HES 10 mg/ml may decrease DMSO concentration to 0,7 M. This combination had the best indicators of total preservation of IC, preservation of viable cells and Leydig cells: 75,8 (53,3; 93,3), 55,6 (45,1; 69,4), 57,1 (40,2;70,3) %, respectively. PEO was ineffective. Conclusion. High-molecular weight synthetic polymers such as HES can substitute protective properties of blood serum under cryopreservation and allow decreasing effective concentration of permeable cryoprotective such as DMSO.

Introduction. Postresection portal hypertension leads to complex general biological processes that occur and develop in the organs and systems of the body during its adaptation to a new level of life [10]. It should be noted that detailed and objective knowledge of compensatory-adaptive processes in the testes during resection of various volumes of the liver, their role in the development of organ failure to date have been insufficiently studied and need to be addressed.Objective of the research: to study morphometric structural changes of testes in the conditions of postresection portal hypertension and multiorgan failure.Materials of the research and their discussion. The testes of 40 white male rats were divided into 3 groups studied morphologically. Group 1 consisted of 12 intact animals, 2 - 18 rats with postresection portal hypertension, 3 - 10 animals with postresection portal hypertension and poliorganic failure. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia a month after the start of the experiment. Micropreparations from the testes stained hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, using the Weigert method, van Gieson, Mallory, Morphometrically, on the testicular micropreparations, the diameters of the testicles tubules, the thickness of their walls, the number of cells of the epithelio-spermatogenic layer in the tubule, the number of Sertoli cells per tubule, the tubulo-interstitial index, the stromal-parenchymal ratio, the Leydigas index, the sperm index, were determined. Quantitative morphological parameters were processed statistically.Results of the research and their discussion. It was found that the investigated morphometric indices of the testes in the 2 and 3 groups of observations varied markedly in comparison with the control values. Thus, the diameter of the seminile tubules in the conditions of postresection portal hypertension was statistically significantly (p˂0.001) decreased by 11.8 %, with the development of multiple organ failure - by 34.0 % (pThe wall thickness of the tubules in the 2 group increased by 8.8 %, in the 3 group - by 26.9 % (рStromal-parenchymal ratios in the testes with simulated pathology statistically significantly increased (рObtained morphometric parameters indicate that the simulated pathology leads to a decrease in the diameter of the tubules and the thickening of their walls. In the latter, optically sclerosis was observed. In the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, histologic examination revealed spermatocytes of the first order and spermatogonia, rarely observed spermatocytes of the second order. Protein detritus and rarely sperm were detected in the tubules.Conclusions. So postresection portal hypertension and multiorgan failure lead to pronounced structural restructuring of the vascular, interstitial and endocrine components of the testes, characterized by dilatation, plethora, varicose extensions, stasis, hemorrhage, perivasal swelling of the vessels gemomicrocirculatory bad and, hyperplasia, moderate hypertrophy Leydig cell dystrophy. The detected morphological changes dominate in multiple organ failure.

Early stages of gametogenesis in young chum salmon are investigated under various temperature regimes at three fish farms of Sakhalin region and in laboratory conditions. In all cases, sex differentiation started after the mass hatching, the age of differentiation varied from 65 to 213 days, but the sum of accumulated degree-days was rather stable — from 620.6 to 669.1. The period from the beginning of sex differentiation to the beginning of previtellogenesis lasted 27–144 days depending on conditions, even for fish in the same fish farm. The lower was the water temperature after the beginning of sex differentiation, the smaller sum of degree-days was accumulated by fish before the beginning of previtellogenic growth of oocytes and the shorter was the period of oocyte growth before the fish release from the farm. The period of previtellogenesis in chum salmon always began before the end of larval period, when weight of the yolk sac was from 1.8 to 18.2 % of the total body weight.

Aim. The aim was to study the morphological characteristics of the testes of experimental animals during the period of pronounced senile changes at artificial suppression of the immune system.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 white rats with pronounced senile changes. Immunosuppression was modeled by cyclophosphamide at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly for 10 days. The rats were taken out from the experiment under ether anesthesia at 1, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after discontinuation of the drug administration. The organs were weighed, the relative mass was calculated, the linear dimensions were determined, the volume of the organ was calculated from the volume formula of the ellipsoid. The larger and smaller diameters, the area of the convoluted seminiferous tubule, the height and the area of the epitheliospermatogenous layer were measured, the spermatogenesis index was calculated, the amount of the sustentocytes and interstitial endocrinocytes, and the volume of their nuclei were determined.Results. Statistically significant differences in the data were established on the 15th and 30th days of the observation, whereas on the 1st, 7th and 60th days there were no significant differences. The conclusion. In response to long-term immunosuppression, there is an active reaction from the testes of the animals during the period of pronounced senile changes. Statistically significant differences in the organometric parameters are due to the direct cytotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide on rapidly dividing organ cells and systemic hormonal imbalance. The data of micromorphometric examination, as well as cytometry and kariometry, confirm the results of organometry and are explained by the disregulation of local immune and endocrine homeostasis of testes after prolonged immunosuppression.

An increasing number of research studies point to participation in endurance exercise training as having significant detrimental effects upon reproductive hormonal profiles in men. The means used for prevention and correction of fatigue are ineffective for sexual function recovery and have contraindications and numerous side effects. The search for substances effectively restoring body functions after overtraining and at the same time sparing the reproductive function, which have no contraindications precluding their long and frequent use, is an important trend of studies. One of the candidate substances is ribose used for correction of fatigue in athletes engaged in some sports.We studied the role of ribose deficit in metabolism of the testes under conditions of excessive exercise and the potentialities of ribose use for restoration of the endocrine function of these organs.45 male Wistar rats weighing 240±20 g were used in this study. Animals were divided into 3 groups (n=15): control; excessive exercise; excessive exercise and received ribose treatment. Plasma concentrations of lactic, β-hydroxybutyric, uric acids, luteinizing hormone, total and free testosterone were measured by biochemical and ELISA methods. The superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and uric acids, malondialdehyde, glutathione, ascorbic acids, testosterone levels were estimated in the testes sample.Acute disorders of purine metabolism develop in rat testes under conditions of excessive exercise. These disorders are characterized by enhanced catabolism and reduced reutilization of purine mononucleotides and activation of oxidative stress against the background of reduced activities of the pentose phosphate pathway and antioxidant system. Administration of D-ribose to rats subjected to excessive exercise improves purine reutilization, stimulates the pentose phosphate pathway work, inhibits oxidative stress of the testes, and saves the testicular endocrine function.

The genital organs of male and female Porphyrophora tritici Bod. have been investigated and compared with P. hamelii Brandt. The structure type of ovaries has been stated and certain peculiarities have been found out. It has been demonstrated that as the P. hamelii, the reduction of testes and the formation of a new organ - seminal pouch take place. These morphofunctional changes lead of the insemination function in males known with their short lasting active life and copulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]