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Papillomatosis of the trachea, bronchi and lungs was investigated in 40 children with papillomatosis of the lower airways in comparison with 408 children with laryngeal papullomatosis. All the patients were operated in 1988-2003 with histological verification of the diagnosis. Papillomas involved the lower airways because of tracheotomy (92.5%) or tracheal intubation (7.5%). Papillomatosis of the lower airways runs a more aggressive course than laryngeal papillomatosis, its treatment efficacy is worse. All the patients suffering from laryngeal papillomatosis with a history of tracheotomy need a regular endoscopic and x-ray control as papillomatosis of the trachea and/or lungs may develop in them several years after decanulation. Pulmonary papillomatosis has an invariably poor prognosis.

The cancer morbidity in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is still high: 248.2 (1998), 243.1 (1999) and 241.3 (2000) per 100,000. The site distribution patterns varied significantly: the leading localizations in 1991 were trachea, lungs and bronchus--32.1; breast--28.3; skin--26.5; stomach--21.2 and hemopoietic organs--18.0. By the year 2000, the situation had changed dramatically: breast--60.2; skin--33.7 and respiratory system--20.4.

The kinetics of the lung cancer morbidity and mortality among the population of this country and the Union Republics is analysed. Both total incidence indices and age coefficients were found to raise. A higher efficacy of treatment for cancer of the lung was noted. The trends for further improvement of its therapy are delineated.