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In the presented article, first of all, it is noted that the study of the experience of constitutional and legal regulation and reform of the healthcare sector in developed countries, as well as in countries with economies in transition, is absolutely necessary for the successful development of this most important social sector in Azerbaijan. Further, the author considers the social function of the state, where the leading place belongs to the state policy in the field of protecting the health of a citizen. As a result of the study, it is indicated that in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as a social state, health is considered as an object that needs to establish a legal regime of protection. Purpose: to explore the main directions of constitutional and legal regulation in the field of healthcare. Methodology: Legal regulation gives the health care system optimal focus and assurance, also creates conditions for the development of a long-term program for the development of this system, determines the stability of the provision of the health care system as a whole and, on this basis, improves the forms and methods of managing this area. Scientific novelty: Studying the experience of constitutional and legal regulation and reforming the healthcare sector is absolutely necessary for the successful development of this most important social sector in Azerbaijan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim and main objectives of this article are determined by the urgency of issue in intensifying country’s integration efforts into the global economy in the context of Turkmenistan’s accession to the WTO. The aim of this article is to develop proposals that may be used in negotiations by the country’s delegation on terms of Turkmenistan’s accession to the global trade organization. The article proves the necessity of taking into account the specificity of transition economies when evaluating and discussing their concessions and obligations they will accept upon WTO accession. The most important elements and key issues in negotiating to be considered by the delegation of Turkmenistan are identified. The paper demonstrates that building or reforming the institutional framework and mechanisms to implement the WTO Agreements will require more public and private investments. At the same time, the long-term strategic benefits and advantages of WTO membership will outweigh the adaptation costs. The latter will be short term if well-designed, balanced, gradual and good economic policy is developed. The article emphasizes the critical importance of conducting a well-developed and well-designed social and economic policy that will be the basis and factor contributing to reducing corruption risks and overcoming corruption in public sector. This paper concludes by providing recommendations. It shows that the country should have the benefit of an extended transition period under which the national trade rules and regulatory regimes must be totally reconsidered to reflect the WTO rules and regulations. Also, the country should be granted: firstly, certain exceptions to WTO rules and agreements; secondly, special and differential treatment; thirdly, special waivers of the application of “WTO-plus” obligations and “WTO-minus” provisions.

This paper documents the food and agricultural policy process in the context of agrarian reforms in Tajikistan. It uses the case study of Tajikistan and applies a recently developed conceptual framework for understanding the drivers of policy change. It undertakes a historical review of agrarian reforms and appraises current policy challenges within the food and agricultural sector. Using specific tools to study power relations, financing, and information flows in the policy process, it maps institutional architecture and key stakeholders in the pre- and post-soviet era. Information gathered through focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and recent field research on food and agricultural policy issues is used to analyze factors that drive different stages of the policy making process. We find that understanding the political economy and policy process interface in Tajikistan is key for designing and implementing successful policy interventions. While progress has been made, agrarian reforms towards improving land tenure rights, strengthening WUAs, providing crop insurance against drought, are the necessary steps in a larger policy discussion. Ensuring the effectiveness of land reforms, building agricultural extension system, and supporting agricultural research systems are examples of some key initiatives that the government should focus on. Investments in transportation, storage, credit facilities, and markets involving private sector will speed up the reform process.

This paper attempts to explore economic performance in countries of the former Soviet Union since their transition to a market system based on the World Bank data for the period from 1993 to 2016. The first part of the study is related to estimating proximate sources of economic growth within the standard growth accounting framework. Results indicate that under the period of study capital accumulation was the primary engine for growth in the post-Soviet region. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates were modest ranging from 1.15 % for Uzbekistan and 0.77 % for Belarus to −1.83 % for Turkmenistan and −1.20 % for Latvia accordingly. In the second part of the paper we analyse productivity level across all former Soviet republics by decomposing differences in output per worker into differences in capital intensity and productivity for the year 2016. Compared to Russia, a frontier for the analysis, nearly all former Soviet republics demonstrated a lower level of productivity. Some countries of the region such as Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic and Turkmenistan have extremely high capital intensity. Productivity in Russia was about 14 times higher than productivity in Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. Despite the fact that more than two decades passed since the transition to a market system the Soviet legacy of aggregate production did not experience notable changes.

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economy & Forecasting / Ekonomìka ì Prognozuvannâ is the property of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Institute for Economic Forecasting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economy & Forecasting / Ekonomìka ì Prognozuvannâ is the property of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Institute for Economic Forecasting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Accounting & Finance / Oblìk ì Fìnansi is the property of Institute of Accounting & Finance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the main social, economic, legal and other preconditions and factors, which provided the historical peculiarities of Ukrainian stock market formation and development in 1991-2005. The article's actuality is as follows: formation of the market of equities has been and remains a necessary condition of reformation of property relations in modern Ukrainian society. The author distinguishes the stages of establishment of the market of equities and characteristic features of each stage. The article contains the analysis of basic tendencies, directions, features and problems of stock market development in Ukraine. The author examines the problems of governmental control of the stock market and formation of its normative and legal base during the transitional period. The author concludes that the process of stock market formation and development in Ukraine was complicated by unfavorable factors, conditioned by deep and long collapse of economics, faults in privatization politics and governmental control of the market of equities. The country's population majority did not participate in security-related operations during the transition period, and the market of equities did not perform the major duty of maintenance and increase of national economy. Unregulated stock market segment had the closest connection with real sector of economy and largely served the shadow sphere of economy of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to highlight the basic characteristics of international marketing researches and their importance to the economies in transition. The idea, which the author has always had in mind when he wrote the following lines, is how to describe and explain in concise and affordable way the basic principles governing research in an international environment, as well as the possibility of their fastest and easiest implementation, always emphasizing the differences between international and national, local, market. Unlike the more developed countries where the concept of marketing and marketing research is implied, in less developed countries and countries in transition, it is not the case. The latest Global Competitiveness Report by World Economic Forum for 2011-2012 indicates a forementioned conclusion. Companies that adopt marketing as a concept of their development, the international market as the focus of their interest and which use marketing research in implementation of their business objectives, have a greater chance of prosperity in economically uncertain times ahead. The paper is based on the compilation of most significant marketing and research guidelines from the literature that deal with the aforementioned topics, as well as the analysis of the role and importance of international marketing research in transition economies, especially in view of BiH, which is based on the findings of the above mentioned report of the World Economic Forum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains a review of the most important characteristics of public-private partnerships, explaining mutual adjustment of public and private sectors goals during the implementation of a particular public project. In addition, this paper outlines the benefits of public-private partnership through redefining government role in economy ensuring the necessary efficiency and productivity in the management of public goods. The author specially noted that for successful development of public-private partnership it is necessary for all stakeholders to be adequately involved in the process and to clearly recognize the possibility of better and higher quality in realization of their own interests by defining the contractual assumptions of risk diversification. The author also points out that in explaining the concept of public-private partnership it is necessary to distinguish between this kind of contractual relationship and the traditional ways of providing public services, privatization and concessions. The circumstances suggest that the experience in strategic merger of public and private sectors in developed countries is positive and that these processes in countries in transition are delayed both in view of legal aspect and application in practice. The author believes that not only the legal solutions but also new procedures and regulations as well as mechanisms for effective implementation of models of public-private partnership will be of great importance for further economic development of the countries in transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will assess the results of transition in the Yugoslav successor states using objective and subjective criteria. Four objective criteria related to economic growth will be used to compare economic performance in Yugoslavia and its successor states; 1. Speed of recovery after war/change in system, 2. Absolute growth rates, 3. Relative growth rates, 4. Place in world development. This will be supplemented by a survey of public opinion conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. All the four objective criteria show that the Yugoslav economy performed much better than the economies of its successor states. The survey shows that only 20 percent of population are happy with the results of transition in South Eastern European countries, while 64 percent are unhappy and 16 percent are undecided. In the former Yugoslavia much less than 20 percent of population are happy with the changes brought by the transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Transition of Ukrainian economy to market relations revealed a series of problems which break the purposeful change of labor by workers and managers, strengthening disproportions between the quality of workforce and material base of production. This has negative impact on economics development and counterparts of production. Results. The author analyzes the influence of the material and technical resources of production on the professional structure of workers transformation in the market conditions, identifies issues of government regulation of this process, he provides recommendations to improve governmental activity. Conclusions. The law of labor change is characterized nowadays with professional horizontal and vertical mobility. Ukrainian economic conditions activate not only upward, but also downward mobility. The Government has to consider such tendency and provide the policy which prevents massive labor prospects and social status loss by Ukrainian citizens. It is important to minimize with the methods of state regulation the influence of the law of labor change «blind destructive force» as K. Marks had called it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the main trends in the development of human resources of the BRIC countries and their impact on economic development of the group. Special attention is paid to the study of the characteristics and outcomes of social and economic reforms that were implemented in BRIC to improve population live standarts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]